L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il do... more L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il downsizing e l’internazionalizzazione di un’impresa nasce da un’osservazione diretta all’attuale situazione economica. Oggi infatti molte aziende si trovano a dover affrontare situazioni di difficoltà e/o calo di rendite, problemi che spesso affrontano mutando i propri sistemi organizzativi, riducendo il personale o internazionalizzando il proprio business. Questo elaborato si propone, partendo dal concetto del ciclo di vita come paradigma dell’esistenza suddivisa in fasi di un’impresa, dapprima di analizzare ed approfondire le cause e gli sviluppi di un diffuso modo di agire per poi verificare l’effettiva efficacia dei metodi di ridimensionamento. Successivamente verrà proposta come alternativa al downsizing, ovvero alla riduzione di determinate aree interne all’azienda, la loro esternalizzazione (outsourcing). Verranno a questo punto illustrati: vantaggi, svantaggi e rischi per le imprese associati ad uno spostamento al di fuori dei confini aziendali e/o nazionali di determinati processi o attività produttive e la loro ripercussione sul mercato del lavoro e del consumo. In seguito verrà analizzata nello specifico l’internazionalizzazione aziendale (con una particolare attenzione alle imprese italiane). In questo ambito si valuteranno da un lato i vantaggi che le imprese italiane possiedono e possono far valere in ambito internazionale, dall’altro i vantaggi che potrebbero acquisire in seguito ad una maggiore apertura al mercato globale intesa non solo in ambito di esportazioni, ma anche di investimenti in mercati esteri. A questo proposito verrà analizzata la politica di imprese che cambiano la propria organizzazione e struttura interna per ridurre o chiudere gli impianti nei paesi d’origine per delocalizzare nei mercati emergenti, così da risparmiare in termini di costi e creare allo stesso tempo un nuovo mercato di consumo. Infine si procederà all’analisi di un’impresa italiana che rappresenta efficacemente tutti gli argomenti oggetto di questo elaborato. La Candy Group infatti nascendo come piccola impresa frutto dell’intuito di un imprenditore e della creatività e perseveranza dei propri figli e nipoti, ha attraversato i vari stadi che compongono il ciclo di vita di un’impresa fino a diventare una multinazionale di dimensioni notevoli. Oltre a questo l’impresa interpreta al meglio le idee di internazionalizzazione (in ottica di outsourcing e di creazione di nuovi mercati) considerate nel corso dell’elaborato e le difficili problematiche legate alla chiusura degli impianti italiani.
In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies h... more In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies has increased considerably, growing hand in hand with their success among the savers (Bauer, Derwall, Otten 2007). The aim of this paper is to analyse the GI phenomenon employing a funnel structure. Initially we will give a general overlook of green indexes and ethical funds and then we will focus on one singular instance of them. Indeed the analysis of Dow Jones Sustainability index will let us have both a clear example of how GI select the companies in the process of constructing portfolios, and an idea of the Green Indexes performances. Eventually we will give some personal evaluations about the green indexes theme and the future development of the sector.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the Eu... more The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the European and German electricity sector. The effectiveness will be measured based on an ex- post evaluation of the first two phases of the scheme. The EEA policy evaluation framework has been used to measure the effectiveness in terms of output (implementation of the scheme) and outcome (behavioural change in the target group). Each emission trade phase has been evaluated singularly in order to show functioning, achievements and failures. A close examination of a case study in the electricity sector of Germany has been done in order to highlight the effectiveness of the scheme in order of its innovation effect. In terms of implementation, the scheme has been rather successful, since it was enforced by European law so electricity companies were forced to follow emission trading regulations imposed by Member States. In terms of behavioural change the evaluation is more nuanced. During the pil...
In the last decades, many countries have been characterized by soil conservation concerns since a... more In the last decades, many countries have been characterized by soil conservation concerns since agricultural land management local practices led to soil impoverishment and destructuration. Argentina, recently, has been hardly hit by these phenomena of soil degradation that, depending on the specific region concerned, show up in different forms of soil erosion. The research tries to give an answer to the questioning concerning the relationship between agricultural land management and wind erosion occurrence in one specific area placed within the province of Còrdoba. The research results from an ample review of the literature and a period of field study in the relevant area, where interviews with local farmers and experts were carried out. The research revealed an agricultural system, which in the last 20 years has fully joined the no-tillage farming practices focused on soil conservation. Whether on one hand, no-tillage actually reduced erosion, on the other hand it brought to a widespread use of genetically modified soybean (and to a lesser extent maize) which require increasing levels of herbicides also due to the spread of resistant weeds, which is mostly caused by the common practice of sharing harvesters and other machineries. Despite this diffusion of soil conservation methods, the research reveals how soil erosion still represents a threat for the province of Cordoba. However, the study also discovered that erosion occurs differently within the province (in some places mainly as water erosion, in others as wind erosion) depending on human factors, concerning land management, and natural ones. Among the human factors, an unbalanced crop rotation, but especially the peanuts cultivation (due to the particular tasks required for cultivating this crop) have been identified as the main causes of wind erosion. It has been noticed, however, as the underlying problem lies both in the absence of legal constraints aimed at reducing the risk of wind erosion occurrence with peanuts and in the presence of higher taxes and limitations for the export of certain agricultural products.
Many parts of the world have been written off as resistant to development. We may think of most o... more Many parts of the world have been written off as resistant to development. We may think of most of Africa, parts of Latin America, the Middle East, and a few of the countries in Southeast Asia. Then there is the Pacific, which has shown disappointing economic growth rates over the past decade or two (Francis & Hezel, 2009). Of course, many of these countries still lack the reliable institutions, beginning with stable government and the rule of law, that are clearly a requisite for development. That is why according to today’s canon, differences in economic performance can only be explained by different economic institutions and public policies. On the other hand, considerable cultural differences do still exist and even today cultural diversity remains definitely significant among different continents, states and even regions and we believe it is must be taken into account, despite the processes of globalization and immigration. Thus, in our work we are going to critically analyze the limits of the traditional theory about economic development and - by describing what culture is and which are the prior beliefs and values shaped by it- we are going to study the channels through which culture had and has an impact on the economic growth of countries.
The paper reviews existing information (academic literature and secondary information) discussing... more The paper reviews existing information (academic literature and secondary information) discussing: 1. the phenomenon of water grabbing described by academicals; 2. The specific situation of Himalayan Asia where the dams system projected and implemented over the last years seriously affected (ecologically and socio-economically) the region; 3. the Yarlung-Zangbo/Brahmaputra water dispute between China and India.
In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies h... more In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies has increased considerably, growing hand in hand with their success among the savers (Bauer, Derwall, Otten 2007). The aim of this paper is to analyse the GI phenomenon employing a funnel structure. Initially we will give a general overlook of green indexes and ethical funds and then we will focus on one singular instance of them. Indeed the analysis of Dow Jones Sustainability index will let us have both a clear example of how GI select the companies in the process of constructing portfolios, and an idea of the Green Indexes performances. Eventually we will give some personal evaluations about the green indexes theme and the future development of the sector.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the Eu... more The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the European and German electricity sector. The effectiveness will be measured based on an ex- post evaluation of the first two phases of the scheme. The EEA policy evaluation framework has been used to measure the effectiveness in terms of output (implementation of the scheme) and outcome (behavioural change in the target group). Each emission trade phase has been evaluated singularly in order to show functioning, achievements and failures. A close examination of a case study in the electricity sector of Germany has been done in order to highlight the effectiveness of the scheme in order of its innovation effect. In terms of implementation, the scheme has been rather successful, since it was enforced by European law so electricity companies were forced to follow emission trading regulations imposed by Member States. In terms of behavioural change the evaluation is more nuanced. During the pilot phase the scheme was not very successful since the price of CO₂ did not created an economic incentive among electricity companies to start trading emissions, let alone to invest in low carbon technologies. During the second phase it seemed that lessons were learned from the first phase and the effectiveness increased in terms of emission trading between electric companies. However the case of Germany shows that it is difficult to measure the correlation between implementation of the EU ETS and its innovation effect in the German electricity sector. Since the EU ETS innovational change has occurred in this sector, however it is unclear if these changes occurred because of a combined effect of several policies that also stimulated a sustainable electricity sector.
L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il do... more L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il downsizing e l’internazionalizzazione di un’impresa nasce da un’osservazione diretta all’attuale situazione economica. Oggi infatti molte aziende si trovano a dover affrontare situazioni di difficoltà e/o calo di rendite, problemi che spesso affrontano mutando i propri sistemi organizzativi, riducendo il personale o internazionalizzando il proprio business. Questo elaborato si propone, partendo dal concetto del ciclo di vita come paradigma dell’esistenza suddivisa in fasi di un’impresa, dapprima di analizzare ed approfondire le cause e gli sviluppi di un diffuso modo di agire per poi verificare l’effettiva efficacia dei metodi di ridimensionamento. Successivamente verrà proposta come alternativa al downsizing, ovvero alla riduzione di determinate aree interne all’azienda, la loro esternalizzazione (outsourcing). Verranno a questo punto illustrati: vantaggi, svantaggi e rischi per le imprese associati ad uno spostamento al di fuori dei confini aziendali e/o nazionali di determinati processi o attività produttive e la loro ripercussione sul mercato del lavoro e del consumo. In seguito verrà analizzata nello specifico l’internazionalizzazione aziendale (con una particolare attenzione alle imprese italiane). In questo ambito si valuteranno da un lato i vantaggi che le imprese italiane possiedono e possono far valere in ambito internazionale, dall’altro i vantaggi che potrebbero acquisire in seguito ad una maggiore apertura al mercato globale intesa non solo in ambito di esportazioni, ma anche di investimenti in mercati esteri. A questo proposito verrà analizzata la politica di imprese che cambiano la propria organizzazione e struttura interna per ridurre o chiudere gli impianti nei paesi d’origine per delocalizzare nei mercati emergenti, così da risparmiare in termini di costi e creare allo stesso tempo un nuovo mercato di consumo. Infine si procederà all’analisi di un’impresa italiana che rappresenta efficacemente tutti gli argomenti oggetto di questo elaborato. La Candy Group infatti nascendo come piccola impresa frutto dell’intuito di un imprenditore e della creatività e perseveranza dei propri figli e nipoti, ha attraversato i vari stadi che compongono il ciclo di vita di un’impresa fino a diventare una multinazionale di dimensioni notevoli. Oltre a questo l’impresa interpreta al meglio le idee di internazionalizzazione (in ottica di outsourcing e di creazione di nuovi mercati) considerate nel corso dell’elaborato e le difficili problematiche legate alla chiusura degli impianti italiani.
L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il do... more L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il downsizing e l’internazionalizzazione di un’impresa nasce da un’osservazione diretta all’attuale situazione economica. Oggi infatti molte aziende si trovano a dover affrontare situazioni di difficoltà e/o calo di rendite, problemi che spesso affrontano mutando i propri sistemi organizzativi, riducendo il personale o internazionalizzando il proprio business. Questo elaborato si propone, partendo dal concetto del ciclo di vita come paradigma dell’esistenza suddivisa in fasi di un’impresa, dapprima di analizzare ed approfondire le cause e gli sviluppi di un diffuso modo di agire per poi verificare l’effettiva efficacia dei metodi di ridimensionamento. Successivamente verrà proposta come alternativa al downsizing, ovvero alla riduzione di determinate aree interne all’azienda, la loro esternalizzazione (outsourcing). Verranno a questo punto illustrati: vantaggi, svantaggi e rischi per le imprese associati ad uno spostamento al di fuori dei confini aziendali e/o nazionali di determinati processi o attività produttive e la loro ripercussione sul mercato del lavoro e del consumo. In seguito verrà analizzata nello specifico l’internazionalizzazione aziendale (con una particolare attenzione alle imprese italiane). In questo ambito si valuteranno da un lato i vantaggi che le imprese italiane possiedono e possono far valere in ambito internazionale, dall’altro i vantaggi che potrebbero acquisire in seguito ad una maggiore apertura al mercato globale intesa non solo in ambito di esportazioni, ma anche di investimenti in mercati esteri. A questo proposito verrà analizzata la politica di imprese che cambiano la propria organizzazione e struttura interna per ridurre o chiudere gli impianti nei paesi d’origine per delocalizzare nei mercati emergenti, così da risparmiare in termini di costi e creare allo stesso tempo un nuovo mercato di consumo. Infine si procederà all’analisi di un’impresa italiana che rappresenta efficacemente tutti gli argomenti oggetto di questo elaborato. La Candy Group infatti nascendo come piccola impresa frutto dell’intuito di un imprenditore e della creatività e perseveranza dei propri figli e nipoti, ha attraversato i vari stadi che compongono il ciclo di vita di un’impresa fino a diventare una multinazionale di dimensioni notevoli. Oltre a questo l’impresa interpreta al meglio le idee di internazionalizzazione (in ottica di outsourcing e di creazione di nuovi mercati) considerate nel corso dell’elaborato e le difficili problematiche legate alla chiusura degli impianti italiani.
In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies h... more In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies has increased considerably, growing hand in hand with their success among the savers (Bauer, Derwall, Otten 2007). The aim of this paper is to analyse the GI phenomenon employing a funnel structure. Initially we will give a general overlook of green indexes and ethical funds and then we will focus on one singular instance of them. Indeed the analysis of Dow Jones Sustainability index will let us have both a clear example of how GI select the companies in the process of constructing portfolios, and an idea of the Green Indexes performances. Eventually we will give some personal evaluations about the green indexes theme and the future development of the sector.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the Eu... more The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the European and German electricity sector. The effectiveness will be measured based on an ex- post evaluation of the first two phases of the scheme. The EEA policy evaluation framework has been used to measure the effectiveness in terms of output (implementation of the scheme) and outcome (behavioural change in the target group). Each emission trade phase has been evaluated singularly in order to show functioning, achievements and failures. A close examination of a case study in the electricity sector of Germany has been done in order to highlight the effectiveness of the scheme in order of its innovation effect. In terms of implementation, the scheme has been rather successful, since it was enforced by European law so electricity companies were forced to follow emission trading regulations imposed by Member States. In terms of behavioural change the evaluation is more nuanced. During the pil...
In the last decades, many countries have been characterized by soil conservation concerns since a... more In the last decades, many countries have been characterized by soil conservation concerns since agricultural land management local practices led to soil impoverishment and destructuration. Argentina, recently, has been hardly hit by these phenomena of soil degradation that, depending on the specific region concerned, show up in different forms of soil erosion. The research tries to give an answer to the questioning concerning the relationship between agricultural land management and wind erosion occurrence in one specific area placed within the province of Còrdoba. The research results from an ample review of the literature and a period of field study in the relevant area, where interviews with local farmers and experts were carried out. The research revealed an agricultural system, which in the last 20 years has fully joined the no-tillage farming practices focused on soil conservation. Whether on one hand, no-tillage actually reduced erosion, on the other hand it brought to a widespread use of genetically modified soybean (and to a lesser extent maize) which require increasing levels of herbicides also due to the spread of resistant weeds, which is mostly caused by the common practice of sharing harvesters and other machineries. Despite this diffusion of soil conservation methods, the research reveals how soil erosion still represents a threat for the province of Cordoba. However, the study also discovered that erosion occurs differently within the province (in some places mainly as water erosion, in others as wind erosion) depending on human factors, concerning land management, and natural ones. Among the human factors, an unbalanced crop rotation, but especially the peanuts cultivation (due to the particular tasks required for cultivating this crop) have been identified as the main causes of wind erosion. It has been noticed, however, as the underlying problem lies both in the absence of legal constraints aimed at reducing the risk of wind erosion occurrence with peanuts and in the presence of higher taxes and limitations for the export of certain agricultural products.
Many parts of the world have been written off as resistant to development. We may think of most o... more Many parts of the world have been written off as resistant to development. We may think of most of Africa, parts of Latin America, the Middle East, and a few of the countries in Southeast Asia. Then there is the Pacific, which has shown disappointing economic growth rates over the past decade or two (Francis & Hezel, 2009). Of course, many of these countries still lack the reliable institutions, beginning with stable government and the rule of law, that are clearly a requisite for development. That is why according to today’s canon, differences in economic performance can only be explained by different economic institutions and public policies. On the other hand, considerable cultural differences do still exist and even today cultural diversity remains definitely significant among different continents, states and even regions and we believe it is must be taken into account, despite the processes of globalization and immigration. Thus, in our work we are going to critically analyze the limits of the traditional theory about economic development and - by describing what culture is and which are the prior beliefs and values shaped by it- we are going to study the channels through which culture had and has an impact on the economic growth of countries.
The paper reviews existing information (academic literature and secondary information) discussing... more The paper reviews existing information (academic literature and secondary information) discussing: 1. the phenomenon of water grabbing described by academicals; 2. The specific situation of Himalayan Asia where the dams system projected and implemented over the last years seriously affected (ecologically and socio-economically) the region; 3. the Yarlung-Zangbo/Brahmaputra water dispute between China and India.
In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies h... more In the last years, the academic interest in ethical mutual funds and green indexes of companies has increased considerably, growing hand in hand with their success among the savers (Bauer, Derwall, Otten 2007). The aim of this paper is to analyse the GI phenomenon employing a funnel structure. Initially we will give a general overlook of green indexes and ethical funds and then we will focus on one singular instance of them. Indeed the analysis of Dow Jones Sustainability index will let us have both a clear example of how GI select the companies in the process of constructing portfolios, and an idea of the Green Indexes performances. Eventually we will give some personal evaluations about the green indexes theme and the future development of the sector.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the Eu... more The aim of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness and functioning of the EU ETS within the European and German electricity sector. The effectiveness will be measured based on an ex- post evaluation of the first two phases of the scheme. The EEA policy evaluation framework has been used to measure the effectiveness in terms of output (implementation of the scheme) and outcome (behavioural change in the target group). Each emission trade phase has been evaluated singularly in order to show functioning, achievements and failures. A close examination of a case study in the electricity sector of Germany has been done in order to highlight the effectiveness of the scheme in order of its innovation effect. In terms of implementation, the scheme has been rather successful, since it was enforced by European law so electricity companies were forced to follow emission trading regulations imposed by Member States. In terms of behavioural change the evaluation is more nuanced. During the pilot phase the scheme was not very successful since the price of CO₂ did not created an economic incentive among electricity companies to start trading emissions, let alone to invest in low carbon technologies. During the second phase it seemed that lessons were learned from the first phase and the effectiveness increased in terms of emission trading between electric companies. However the case of Germany shows that it is difficult to measure the correlation between implementation of the EU ETS and its innovation effect in the German electricity sector. Since the EU ETS innovational change has occurred in this sector, however it is unclear if these changes occurred because of a combined effect of several policies that also stimulated a sustainable electricity sector.
L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il do... more L’idea di approfondire un argomento come il cambiamento organizzativo e più nello specifico il downsizing e l’internazionalizzazione di un’impresa nasce da un’osservazione diretta all’attuale situazione economica. Oggi infatti molte aziende si trovano a dover affrontare situazioni di difficoltà e/o calo di rendite, problemi che spesso affrontano mutando i propri sistemi organizzativi, riducendo il personale o internazionalizzando il proprio business. Questo elaborato si propone, partendo dal concetto del ciclo di vita come paradigma dell’esistenza suddivisa in fasi di un’impresa, dapprima di analizzare ed approfondire le cause e gli sviluppi di un diffuso modo di agire per poi verificare l’effettiva efficacia dei metodi di ridimensionamento. Successivamente verrà proposta come alternativa al downsizing, ovvero alla riduzione di determinate aree interne all’azienda, la loro esternalizzazione (outsourcing). Verranno a questo punto illustrati: vantaggi, svantaggi e rischi per le imprese associati ad uno spostamento al di fuori dei confini aziendali e/o nazionali di determinati processi o attività produttive e la loro ripercussione sul mercato del lavoro e del consumo. In seguito verrà analizzata nello specifico l’internazionalizzazione aziendale (con una particolare attenzione alle imprese italiane). In questo ambito si valuteranno da un lato i vantaggi che le imprese italiane possiedono e possono far valere in ambito internazionale, dall’altro i vantaggi che potrebbero acquisire in seguito ad una maggiore apertura al mercato globale intesa non solo in ambito di esportazioni, ma anche di investimenti in mercati esteri. A questo proposito verrà analizzata la politica di imprese che cambiano la propria organizzazione e struttura interna per ridurre o chiudere gli impianti nei paesi d’origine per delocalizzare nei mercati emergenti, così da risparmiare in termini di costi e creare allo stesso tempo un nuovo mercato di consumo. Infine si procederà all’analisi di un’impresa italiana che rappresenta efficacemente tutti gli argomenti oggetto di questo elaborato. La Candy Group infatti nascendo come piccola impresa frutto dell’intuito di un imprenditore e della creatività e perseveranza dei propri figli e nipoti, ha attraversato i vari stadi che compongono il ciclo di vita di un’impresa fino a diventare una multinazionale di dimensioni notevoli. Oltre a questo l’impresa interpreta al meglio le idee di internazionalizzazione (in ottica di outsourcing e di creazione di nuovi mercati) considerate nel corso dell’elaborato e le difficili problematiche legate alla chiusura degli impianti italiani.
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Papers by Federico Togni
The research revealed an agricultural system, which in the last 20 years has fully joined the no-tillage farming practices focused on soil conservation. Whether on one hand, no-tillage actually reduced erosion, on the other hand it brought to a widespread use of genetically modified soybean (and to a lesser extent maize) which require increasing levels of herbicides also due to the spread of resistant weeds, which is mostly caused by the common practice of sharing harvesters and other machineries. Despite this diffusion of soil conservation methods, the research reveals how soil erosion still represents a threat for the province of Cordoba. However, the study also discovered that erosion occurs differently within the province (in some places mainly as water erosion, in others as wind erosion) depending on human factors, concerning land management, and natural ones. Among the human factors, an unbalanced crop rotation, but especially the peanuts cultivation (due to the particular tasks required for cultivating this crop) have been identified as the main causes of wind erosion.
It has been noticed, however, as the underlying problem lies both in the absence of legal constraints aimed at reducing the risk of wind erosion occurrence with peanuts and in the presence of higher taxes and limitations for the export of certain agricultural products.
Of course, many of these countries still lack the reliable institutions, beginning with stable government and the rule of law, that are clearly a requisite for development. That is why according to today’s canon, differences in economic performance can only be explained by different economic institutions and public policies.
On the other hand, considerable cultural differences do still exist and even today cultural diversity remains definitely significant among different continents, states and even regions and we believe it is must be taken into account, despite the processes of globalization and immigration.
Thus, in our work we are going to critically analyze the limits of the traditional theory about economic development and - by describing what culture is and which are the prior beliefs and values shaped by it- we are going to study the channels through which culture had and has an impact on the economic growth of countries.
The research revealed an agricultural system, which in the last 20 years has fully joined the no-tillage farming practices focused on soil conservation. Whether on one hand, no-tillage actually reduced erosion, on the other hand it brought to a widespread use of genetically modified soybean (and to a lesser extent maize) which require increasing levels of herbicides also due to the spread of resistant weeds, which is mostly caused by the common practice of sharing harvesters and other machineries. Despite this diffusion of soil conservation methods, the research reveals how soil erosion still represents a threat for the province of Cordoba. However, the study also discovered that erosion occurs differently within the province (in some places mainly as water erosion, in others as wind erosion) depending on human factors, concerning land management, and natural ones. Among the human factors, an unbalanced crop rotation, but especially the peanuts cultivation (due to the particular tasks required for cultivating this crop) have been identified as the main causes of wind erosion.
It has been noticed, however, as the underlying problem lies both in the absence of legal constraints aimed at reducing the risk of wind erosion occurrence with peanuts and in the presence of higher taxes and limitations for the export of certain agricultural products.
Of course, many of these countries still lack the reliable institutions, beginning with stable government and the rule of law, that are clearly a requisite for development. That is why according to today’s canon, differences in economic performance can only be explained by different economic institutions and public policies.
On the other hand, considerable cultural differences do still exist and even today cultural diversity remains definitely significant among different continents, states and even regions and we believe it is must be taken into account, despite the processes of globalization and immigration.
Thus, in our work we are going to critically analyze the limits of the traditional theory about economic development and - by describing what culture is and which are the prior beliefs and values shaped by it- we are going to study the channels through which culture had and has an impact on the economic growth of countries.