Papers by Frederick Obese
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Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2011
A study was conducted to determine the effect of intravenous (i.v.) administration of insulin on ... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of intravenous (i.v.) administration of insulin on fever in sheep challenged with bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Six castrated male Suffolkcross wethers were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatment combinations i.v: Saline control (SAL+SAL); SAL + LPS (0.06 μg kg-l BW) or various doses of insulin (I) (2, 6, 12 or 20 mU kg-l BW) + LPS (0.06 μg kg-1 BW). Serial blood samples were collected at hourly intervals for 10 h after the start of i.v injections. Glucose concentrations in the plasma were measured. Rectal temperature was monitored at the same time as for serial blood sampling. Temperatures for the saline control sheep (SAL+SAL) remained relatively constant throughout the study period ranging from 38.9 ± 0.1 to 39.1 ± 0.1 o C. The SAL+LPS treated sheep had significantly (P<0.05) elevated temperatures compared to the saline controls from 1 to 8 h post LPS injection. The sheep injected with 12mUI +L...
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Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2016
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Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2018
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Avian Biology Research, 2018
Despite numerous studies on testicular asymmetry in birds, there are still inconsistent reports o... more Despite numerous studies on testicular asymmetry in birds, there are still inconsistent reports on the pattern of asymmetry in species belonging to various phylogenetic groups and exhibiting diverse lifestyles. In addition, there is a lack of clarity on whether functional differences exist between the left and right testes despite differences in size, as well as no evidence of naturally occurring compensation in testis size in terrestrial and galliform birds. A study involving 400 Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) cocks was conducted to determine asymmetry and compensatory growth in the testes as well as age-related changes in absolute and relative testicular asymmetry. The left testis had significantly higher weight, volume and relative weight than the right testis. Similarly, populations of round spermatids, type I spermatocytes, total germ cell, Sertoli efficiency, actual and apparent seminiferous tubular diameters and testicular sperm production were higher in the left than the rig...
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Veterinary and Animal Science, 2018
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Theriogenology, Jan 23, 2017
Owing to the paucity of information on the reproductive biology of guinea fowls, a study involvin... more Owing to the paucity of information on the reproductive biology of guinea fowls, a study involving a total of 66 males was conducted, and documented the developmental changes in histological structure of the testes of guinea cocks from hatching until adulthood. Changes in testosterone synthesis during sexual development were also determined. Age-related changes were analysed using univariate analysis for completely randomised design and means separated using Tukey's test/Kruskal-Wallis test and medians separated by Mann-Whitney U test. Total germ cell population per testis and testicular histological morphometric parameters increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 12 weeks of age (WOA), and stabilized between 20 and 24 WOA. Peripheral testosterone concentrations increased gradually from 4 WOA, and peaked at 20 WOA. Correlations among all the testicular morphometric parameters were positive and highly significant (p < 0.01). Similarly, significant (p < 0.05) positive co...
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Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were measured in 28 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows at start-of-ma... more Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were measured in 28 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows at start-of-mating date in two consecutive lactations. The study was conducted in the Northern Irrigation Region of Victoria. Cows grazed pasture at an allowance of 35kg dry matter/cow/day and received either 1kg or 6kg grain supplement in Year 1, and 6kg grain supplement in Year 2. Plasma IGF-1 concentration was significantly lower in Year 1 compared to Year 2, partly due to the higher average grain intake in Year 2. There was a significant positive correlation in plasma IGF-1 concentrations between the two years for each cow (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.65, Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.59; P<0.001). This means that comparative ranking for plasma IGF-1 concentration was similar between the same cows in two consecutive lactations, so that, regardless of diet, cows with relatively high plasma IGF-1 in Year 1 also had high IGF-1 in Year 2. INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth fact...
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Livestock Research for Rural Development
The reproductive performance records of 126 Sanga cows bred through artificial insemination (AI) ... more The reproductive performance records of 126 Sanga cows bred through artificial insemination (AI) at the Amrahia Dairy Farm from January 1998 to December 2007 were assessed. The intervals from calving to first AI service, calving to conception and calving interval were prolonged. They averaged 158.8 ±8.9 days, 177.5 ± 9.5 days and 517.9 ± 13.5 days respectively. These parameters were not affected (P>0.05) by season of calving preceding AI, season of insemination or sex of calf. The conception rate at first AI service and for all inseminations were low 42.6 % and 46.0% respectively. They were not affected (P<0.05) by the season of insemination. Gestation length averaged 281.6 ±1.4 days. The mean birth weight of calves was 25.7 ± 0.3 kg. Male calves had higher birth weights than female calves (26.9 ±0.4 versus 24.5 ± 0.5 kg; P<0.05). Improving the nutritional status of the cows through strategic supplementation coupled with effective heat detection mechanisms and appropriate t...
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South African Journal of Animal Science, 2011
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Livestock Science, 2015
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Poultry science, Jan 16, 2015
Despite the potentials and contributions of guinea fowls to economic and social life in Ghana, ac... more Despite the potentials and contributions of guinea fowls to economic and social life in Ghana, accurate sex identification in these birds is still a major problem. Three hundred and sixty guinea fowls (180 birds per sex) were used in determining a more accurate and farmer friendly sexing technique. The sexing methods explored were vent, biometric, and molecular techniques. Vent sexing was accomplished by measuring phalli in 28 and 32-week-old birds, while biometric sexing involved the measurement of morphometric traits and data analyzed using discriminant function analysis. Molecular sexing was carried out by DNA extraction and subsequent PCR using the 2550F/2718R primer set. Females had a wider (P < 0.05) pelvic inlet than male birds from first week of age until the end of the study, while the opposite was true for wattle length. However, wattle length differed…
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Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2003
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Journal of Animal Science, 2007
These experiments were conducted to determine if 1) syndyphalin-33 (SD33), a mu-opioid receptor l... more These experiments were conducted to determine if 1) syndyphalin-33 (SD33), a mu-opioid receptor ligand, affects feed intake; 2) SD33 effects on feed intake are mediated by actions on opioid receptors; and 3) its activity can counteract the reduction in feed intake associated with administration of bacterial endotoxin. In Exp. 1, 5 mixed-breed, castrate male sheep were housed indoors in individual pens. Animals had ad libitum access to water and concentrate feed. Saline (SAL; 0.9% NaCl) or SD33 (0.05 or 0.1 micromol/kg of BW) was injected i.v., and feed intake was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h after the i.v. injections. Both doses of SD33 increased (at least P &lt; 0.01) feed intake at 48 h relative to saline. In Exp. 2, SAL + SAL, SAL + SD33 (0.1 micromol/kg of BW), naloxone (NAL; 1 mg/kg of BW) + SAL, and NAL + SD33 were injected i.v. Food intake was determined as in Exp. 1. The SAL + SD33 treatment increased (P = 0.022) feed intake at 48 h relative to SAL + SAL. The NAL + SAL treatment reduced (at least P &lt; 0.01) feed intake at 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h, whereas the combination of NAL and SD33 did not reduce feed intake at 24 (P = 0.969) or 48 h (P = 0.076) relative to the saline-treated sheep. In Exp. 3, sheep received 1 of 4 treatments: SAL + SAL, SAL + 0.1 micromol of SD33/kg of BW, 0.1 microg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg of BW + SAL, or LPS + SD33, and feed intake was monitored as in Exp. 1. Lipopolysaccharide suppressed cumulative feed intake for 48 h (P &lt; 0.01) relative to saline control, but SD33 failed to reverse the reduction in feed intake during this period. These data indicate that SD33 increases feed intake in sheep after i.v. injection, and its effects are mediated via opioid receptors. However, the LPS-induced suppression in feed intake cannot be overcome by the opioid receptor ligand, SD33.
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Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2001
Palm press fibre (PPF) was obtained from two sources, a small-scale oil palm processing unit and ... more Palm press fibre (PPF) was obtained from two sources, a small-scale oil palm processing unit and a large-scale factory processing unit, and its chemical composition was determined. In vitro digestibility techniques were used to assess the feeding value of untreated, defatted and sodium hydroxide-treated PPF. For the NaOH treatment, 0.5 g oven-dried PPF was treated for 24 h with 5%
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Journal of dairy science, 2008
This study describes the use of a commercial nonextraction ELISA to quantify total concentrations... more This study describes the use of a commercial nonextraction ELISA to quantify total concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma samples from Holstein cows fed pasture-based diets varying in dry matter and metabolizable energy density. The assays were conducted using the protocols provided by the manufacturer. The ELISA was verified for linearity, accuracy in measuring IGF-I from spiked plasma samples, and precision involving variation within and between assays. Validation also involved comparing results of the ELISA against an established RIA after defatted plasma samples were subjected to acid gel HPLC to dissociate and separate IGF and IGF binding protein complexes. Validation results had low coefficients of variation (CV; intraassay CV of less than 6% and interassay CV of less than 8%) and a high recovery percentage of IGF-I (79%) from samples spiked with unbound IGF-I. The coefficients of determination between the ELISA and the RIA reference assay were 0.90 i...
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Journal of dairy science, 2008
The objective of this 5-wk study was to determine dietary effects on plasma concentrations of ins... more The objective of this 5-wk study was to determine dietary effects on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), as well as milk production and milk components in pasture-fed dairy cows. Thirty-two Holstein cows 4 to 5 wk postpartum were randomly assigned to 4 dietary subgroups. Feed was provided twice daily ad libitum at 0900 and 1600 h composed of fresh-cut pasture, meadow hay, and pelleted cereal grain to achieve differing levels of DMI and ME density (LL: 16.6 kg of DMI and 174 MJ of ME; HL: 17.3 kg of DMI and 181.1 MJ of ME; LH: 15.4 kg of DMI and 183.1 MJ of ME; HH: 17.9 kg of DMI and 213.3 MJ of ME, with the first letter indicating DMI and the second ME, and with H indicating high and L indicating low, respectively). The first day cows were placed on their diets was designated d 0. Concentrations of IGF-I were measured in frozen-thawed samples of plasma using a verified ELISA. Dietary treatment had affected plasma concentrations of IGF-I by d 7 with cows on...
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Animal Frontiers
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European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences
COVID-19 a global health pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019 continues t... more COVID-19 a global health pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019 continues to cause major problems to various sectors of the global economy. In Ghana, the pandemic has negatively impacted the livestock sector in feed production and supply, supply of agricultural inputs, veterinary services delivery, livestock trade, capacity building, and slaughtering, processing, and marketing of livestock products. Therefore, the need to develop suitable strategies to counteract these negative effects on actors along the livestock value chain to ensure sustainable livestock production for food security and enhance wealth creation. The adverse effects of COVID -19 on the livestock industry and mitigation strategies in response to the effects of the pandemic are documented. Sensitization of stakeholders on such mitigation strategies including their roles will make the livestock industry more resilient and respond more appropriately to future pandemics.
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Papers by Frederick Obese