Documented cases of anomic aphasia in childhood are rare, due to their low prevalence and relativ... more Documented cases of anomic aphasia in childhood are rare, due to their low prevalence and relatively subtle clinical manifestations and because of probable referral bias. Such cases are important, however, because they may shed light on the nature of lesions that produce anomia in children and because they may contribute to our understanding of brain-behavior relations in children. This case involves a 10-year-old girl who experienced a left temporoparietal hematoma. Recovery over an 8-month period was good, with near normal verbal-expressive (Verbal IQ = 86) and normal perceptual-motor abilities (Performance IQ = 100). Reading, spelling, and repetition were preserved. Spontaneous speech was good, although initially circumlocutory and marked by obvious word-finding difficulty. Consistent with reports involving adults, there was significant disturbance in naming characterized by frequent literal and semantic paraphasias. Although she had significant difficulty on confrontational naming, she could accurately spell and read the name of the objects presented to her. This case is discussed relative to localization of lesions producing anomic aphasia and regarding the course of recovery in childhood. (J Child Neurol 1995;10:289-293).
Although some form of central nervous system involvement is presumed, evidence establishing a rel... more Although some form of central nervous system involvement is presumed, evidence establishing a relationship between dyslexia and neurological dysfunction has been correlational. Recently, neuroimaging and postmortem studies have begun to provide ...
In this study, the neuropsychologic functioning of 21 children with sickle cell anemia and 21 sib... more In this study, the neuropsychologic functioning of 21 children with sickle cell anemia and 21 sibling controls, age range 7 through 16 years, with no history of neurologic disease, was examined. Outcome measures included tests of intelligence, constructional praxis, memory, and academic learning. On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised, the sickle cell group had a mean Full Scale IQ of 77.7 (SD 12.4) compared with 94.3 (SD 11.0) for the control group. The profile of test scores was similar for the two groups, with the sickle cell group scoring significantly lower than the control group on almost all cognitive measures. Both groups showed academic achievement to be commensurate with their measured intellectual ability. These results suggest that subtle but significant and widespread neuropsychologic deficits are associated with sickle cell anemia even in the absence of neurologic complications. When and by what process this neuropsychologic impairment is caused needs ...
Bei Kindern mit angeborenen orofazialen Spalten ist ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen peripher-orga... more Bei Kindern mit angeborenen orofazialen Spalten ist ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen peripher-organischem Defekt und resultierenden Sprechstörungen offensichtlich. Umstritten ist, ob darüber hinaus sprachsystematische Entwicklungsabweichungen vorliegen. Als Ursachenfaktoren werden begleitende Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeiten, persistierende phonetische Störungen und psychosoziale Aspekte in Betracht gezogen. Material und Methode Der Querschnittsstudie lag ein quasi-experimentelles Design zugrunde. Eine Gruppe vierjähriger Kinder (N=10) mit isolierter Gaumenspalte und Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte wurde hinsichtlich ihrer sprachlichen Kompetenzen mit einer Kontrollgruppe (N=10) verglichen. Die Sprachstandserhebung umfasste die Überprüfung phonetischer Fähigkeiten, expressiver/ rezeptiver phonologischer, semantisch-lexikalischer und morphologisch-syntaktischer Leistungen sowie Aspekten der phonologischen Bewusstheit und des Arbeitsgedächtnisses anhand standardisierter und informeller Testverfahren. Neben der quantitativen Auswertung mittels U-Test von Mann-Whitney wurden qualitative Analysen vorgenommen. Ergebnisse Verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe zeigten die Spaltkinder eine tendenziell signifikant größere Anzahl pathologischer phonologischer Prozesse in Form von Rückverlagerungen (p = .06). Hinsichtlich der sprachlichen Dimensionen wurden weder quantitativ noch qualitativ Gruppenunterschiede ermittelt. Hingegen wies die Spaltgruppe tendenziell signifikant schwächere metaphonologische Kompetenzen (Reime erkennen, p = .09) sowie ein signifikant schlechteres Leistungsvermögen bezüglich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses (p = .02) auf. Diskussion Ein physiologischer Erwerb spezifischer linguistischer Kompetenzen ist auch bei spaltbedingten artikulatorischen Einschränkungen sowie wiederholten Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeiten möglich. Nicht auszuschließen sind jedoch subtile Auffälligkeiten auf metaphonologischer Ebene und bezüglich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses. Ob diese Defizite auf Phasen peripherer Hörbeeinträchtigungen zurückgeführt werden können und inwieweit ein Zusammenhang zwischen Hörvermögen, Artikulation und Arbeitsgedächtnis besteht, bedarf weiterer longitudinaler Forschungsbemühungen. __________________________________________________________________________________________ "Every clinician must be a theorist; otherwise we will never know if we are doing the best we can for our clients."
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1997
Although recent research into the nature of linguistic abilities and disabilities in children wit... more Although recent research into the nature of linguistic abilities and disabilities in children with developmental reading disorders points to phonological processing difficulties as the core deficit in this population, broader-based linguistic deficits have been described in several studies. In this study, children with a primary diagnosis of specific reading disability (RD) were compared on measures of oral language, phonological coding, reading, and spelling with a clinical contrast group of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and with a control group of children developing normally. The results of this study revealed that the RD group showed relatively depressed scores on measures of oral language and phonemic processing when compared with children in the ADHD group. The pattern of language deficits observed in this study clearly contributes to the converging evidence that deficient linguistic processes as measured by both phonological coding ta...
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Although learning disabilities have historically been presumed to be due to central nervous syste... more Although learning disabilities have historically been presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction, it has only been within the past decade that this origin has been acknowledged in a consensus definition. Based on the 1981 National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) definition, a modified definition proposed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) Interagency Committee in 1987 included the statement that learning disabilities are “… presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction …” This article provides an overview of the literature in support of this notion and focuses on the postmortem and neuroimaging studies that provide the most provocative evidence of a neurological conceptualization of learning disabilities. Although relatively few in number, these studies suggest that significant advances may be forthcoming in integrating neuropsychological evidence of the deficits that characterize various subtypes of learning disabilities with technol...
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994
... Finally, based on educational records, a major ity (86.7%) of the subjects (CAPD-only and ...... more ... Finally, based on educational records, a major ity (86.7%) of the subjects (CAPD-only and ... Journal of Learning Disabilities 24:630-636 Keith RW, Rudy J, Donahue PA, Katbamna B ... Audiology 26:79-88 Pelham WE, Atkins MS, Murphy HA , White R] (1981), Operationalization ...
Objective To identify behavioral manifestations of executive dysfunction that are associated with... more Objective To identify behavioral manifestations of executive dysfunction that are associated with cerebrovasculopathy, as measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, in children with sickle cell disease (HbSS). Methods Participants were 62 children and adolescents with HbSS disease who had no documented history of cerebrovascular accident. Children were classified according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) criteria (i.e., normal, conditional, and abnormal). Results Although children with abnormal TCD values were rated by their parents as exhibiting greater executive dysfunction in the areas of inhibitory control, problem-solving flexibility, and modulation of emotional responses compared with children in the conditional group, these differences were not clinically significant. In contrast, teachers rated children in the abnormal TCD group as having clinically significant executive dysfunction as manifested in their ability to solve problems in working memory, plan and organize, and self-monitor. Conclusions Our findings lend preliminary support for the utility of teacher-completed screening instruments designed to assess everyday behaviors associated with executive dysfunction in children with HbSS disease, especially among those children at greatest risk for neurological impairment as identified by TCD ultrasonography.
Although a relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic unde... more Although a relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic underachievement has been widely reported, the nature of this relationship has not been specified. The present investigation addresses this relationship directly by comparing 24 students (20 males and 4 females) with ADHD and 20 students (15 males and 5 females) with attention-deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADD/noH) referred to a university-based diagnostic clinic for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The students ranged in age from 6 years 0 months to 12 years 10 months. Consistent with previous reports, this study found that math achievement test scores for students with ADD/noH were significantly lower than those for students with ADHD. These findings support previous research suggesting the ADD/noH may represent a distinct ADD subtype. It is hypothesized that inattention interferes with students' ability to master abstract symbol systems, especially in the acquisi...
This study examined the utility of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) in differe... more This study examined the utility of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) in differentiating between normal and matched dyslexic readers. Significant differences between the groups were manifested on the cognitive subtests of Hand Movements, Number Recall, Word Order, and Matrix Analogies, in favor of the normal readers. The normal readers also produced significantly superior scores on each Achievement Subtest, the Sequential and Achievement Factors, and the Mental Processing Composite. One significant discriminant function was generated which accounted for 66% of the variance between the groups of the K-ABC subtests. The discriminant analysis resulted in an overall 91% correct classification rate.
The neuropsychological investigation of learning disabilities has contributed much toward a more ... more The neuropsychological investigation of learning disabilities has contributed much toward a more complete understanding of how the hemispheres are functionally organized and how differences in this functional organization may affect differential patterns of learning and behavior. It has been suggested that right-hemisphere dysfunction increases the likelihood of difficulty with attention/concentration and of overactive behavior, and interferes with arithmetic calculation more readily than reading and spelling. The present study examined the influence of right-versus left-hemisphere neuropsychological dysfunction on academic achievement and attention using two groups of children with learning disabilities and a group of nondisabled children. Results provide limited support for the hypothesis that the right hemisphere subserves attention and concentration. No support was found for the hypothesis that right-hemisphere deficits are more frequently associated with deficient arithmetic ca...
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1981
The notion that specific Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised subtests and achievemen... more The notion that specific Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised subtests and achievement test results are directly related to lateralized cerebral function is questioned as it pertains to popular conceptualizations of lateral and perceptual asymmetries. An analysis of the performance of matched populations of normal and learning-disabled children on a measure of handedness and perceptual asymmetry (auditory-linguistic) revealed significant differences between groups on these measures. However, no relationship between measures of lateral or perceptual asymmetry and intelligence or math and reading achievement was noted. Consequently it seems prudent to consider deviations in lateral or perceptual asymmetry as potentially symptomatic rather than pathogenic.
Because poor comprehension has been associated with small cerebral volume and there is a high com... more Because poor comprehension has been associated with small cerebral volume and there is a high comorbidity between developmental dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific language impairment, the goal of this study was to determine whether cerebral volume is reduced in dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in general, as some suggest, or whether the reduction in volume corresponds to poor receptive language functioning, regardless of the diagnosis. Participants included 46 children with and without dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, aged 8 to 12 years. Our results indicated that cerebral volume was comparable between those with and without dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder overall. However, when groups were further divided into those with and without receptive language difficulties, children with poor receptive language had smaller volumes bilaterally as hypothesized. Nonetheless, the relationship b...
The performance of normal and learning-disabled children on a dichotic listening task using 30 pa... more The performance of normal and learning-disabled children on a dichotic listening task using 30 paired consonant-vowel (CV) syllables was investigated in a series of studies. The effects of gender, developmental level, and prestimulus cuing on assessed auditory asymmetries were examined. In addition to providing normative data, the results of these studies are discussed as they relate to theoretical notions of cerebral asymmetries in normal and learning-disabled children and as they pertain to clinical diagnosis of childhood learning disabilities.
Although children with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with reduced short-term me... more Although children with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with reduced short-term memory functioning, the relationship between perisylvian morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning has received limited attention. Thus, examining this relationship in children with neurodevelopmental disorders was the focus of this exploratory study. Results suggested leftward asymmetry in the temporal bank of the planum temporale is related to better coding and storage of semantic material. In contrast, parietal bank morphology is related to coding and storage of phonological material, and presence of an extra gyrus in the parietal region is associated with reduced phonological working memory. Data also supported a relationship between pars triangularis morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning, but this is not material-specific.
Documented cases of anomic aphasia in childhood are rare, due to their low prevalence and relativ... more Documented cases of anomic aphasia in childhood are rare, due to their low prevalence and relatively subtle clinical manifestations and because of probable referral bias. Such cases are important, however, because they may shed light on the nature of lesions that produce anomia in children and because they may contribute to our understanding of brain-behavior relations in children. This case involves a 10-year-old girl who experienced a left temporoparietal hematoma. Recovery over an 8-month period was good, with near normal verbal-expressive (Verbal IQ = 86) and normal perceptual-motor abilities (Performance IQ = 100). Reading, spelling, and repetition were preserved. Spontaneous speech was good, although initially circumlocutory and marked by obvious word-finding difficulty. Consistent with reports involving adults, there was significant disturbance in naming characterized by frequent literal and semantic paraphasias. Although she had significant difficulty on confrontational naming, she could accurately spell and read the name of the objects presented to her. This case is discussed relative to localization of lesions producing anomic aphasia and regarding the course of recovery in childhood. (J Child Neurol 1995;10:289-293).
Although some form of central nervous system involvement is presumed, evidence establishing a rel... more Although some form of central nervous system involvement is presumed, evidence establishing a relationship between dyslexia and neurological dysfunction has been correlational. Recently, neuroimaging and postmortem studies have begun to provide ...
In this study, the neuropsychologic functioning of 21 children with sickle cell anemia and 21 sib... more In this study, the neuropsychologic functioning of 21 children with sickle cell anemia and 21 sibling controls, age range 7 through 16 years, with no history of neurologic disease, was examined. Outcome measures included tests of intelligence, constructional praxis, memory, and academic learning. On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised, the sickle cell group had a mean Full Scale IQ of 77.7 (SD 12.4) compared with 94.3 (SD 11.0) for the control group. The profile of test scores was similar for the two groups, with the sickle cell group scoring significantly lower than the control group on almost all cognitive measures. Both groups showed academic achievement to be commensurate with their measured intellectual ability. These results suggest that subtle but significant and widespread neuropsychologic deficits are associated with sickle cell anemia even in the absence of neurologic complications. When and by what process this neuropsychologic impairment is caused needs ...
Bei Kindern mit angeborenen orofazialen Spalten ist ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen peripher-orga... more Bei Kindern mit angeborenen orofazialen Spalten ist ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen peripher-organischem Defekt und resultierenden Sprechstörungen offensichtlich. Umstritten ist, ob darüber hinaus sprachsystematische Entwicklungsabweichungen vorliegen. Als Ursachenfaktoren werden begleitende Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeiten, persistierende phonetische Störungen und psychosoziale Aspekte in Betracht gezogen. Material und Methode Der Querschnittsstudie lag ein quasi-experimentelles Design zugrunde. Eine Gruppe vierjähriger Kinder (N=10) mit isolierter Gaumenspalte und Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte wurde hinsichtlich ihrer sprachlichen Kompetenzen mit einer Kontrollgruppe (N=10) verglichen. Die Sprachstandserhebung umfasste die Überprüfung phonetischer Fähigkeiten, expressiver/ rezeptiver phonologischer, semantisch-lexikalischer und morphologisch-syntaktischer Leistungen sowie Aspekten der phonologischen Bewusstheit und des Arbeitsgedächtnisses anhand standardisierter und informeller Testverfahren. Neben der quantitativen Auswertung mittels U-Test von Mann-Whitney wurden qualitative Analysen vorgenommen. Ergebnisse Verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe zeigten die Spaltkinder eine tendenziell signifikant größere Anzahl pathologischer phonologischer Prozesse in Form von Rückverlagerungen (p = .06). Hinsichtlich der sprachlichen Dimensionen wurden weder quantitativ noch qualitativ Gruppenunterschiede ermittelt. Hingegen wies die Spaltgruppe tendenziell signifikant schwächere metaphonologische Kompetenzen (Reime erkennen, p = .09) sowie ein signifikant schlechteres Leistungsvermögen bezüglich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses (p = .02) auf. Diskussion Ein physiologischer Erwerb spezifischer linguistischer Kompetenzen ist auch bei spaltbedingten artikulatorischen Einschränkungen sowie wiederholten Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeiten möglich. Nicht auszuschließen sind jedoch subtile Auffälligkeiten auf metaphonologischer Ebene und bezüglich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses. Ob diese Defizite auf Phasen peripherer Hörbeeinträchtigungen zurückgeführt werden können und inwieweit ein Zusammenhang zwischen Hörvermögen, Artikulation und Arbeitsgedächtnis besteht, bedarf weiterer longitudinaler Forschungsbemühungen. __________________________________________________________________________________________ "Every clinician must be a theorist; otherwise we will never know if we are doing the best we can for our clients."
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1997
Although recent research into the nature of linguistic abilities and disabilities in children wit... more Although recent research into the nature of linguistic abilities and disabilities in children with developmental reading disorders points to phonological processing difficulties as the core deficit in this population, broader-based linguistic deficits have been described in several studies. In this study, children with a primary diagnosis of specific reading disability (RD) were compared on measures of oral language, phonological coding, reading, and spelling with a clinical contrast group of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and with a control group of children developing normally. The results of this study revealed that the RD group showed relatively depressed scores on measures of oral language and phonemic processing when compared with children in the ADHD group. The pattern of language deficits observed in this study clearly contributes to the converging evidence that deficient linguistic processes as measured by both phonological coding ta...
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Although learning disabilities have historically been presumed to be due to central nervous syste... more Although learning disabilities have historically been presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction, it has only been within the past decade that this origin has been acknowledged in a consensus definition. Based on the 1981 National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) definition, a modified definition proposed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) Interagency Committee in 1987 included the statement that learning disabilities are “… presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction …” This article provides an overview of the literature in support of this notion and focuses on the postmortem and neuroimaging studies that provide the most provocative evidence of a neurological conceptualization of learning disabilities. Although relatively few in number, these studies suggest that significant advances may be forthcoming in integrating neuropsychological evidence of the deficits that characterize various subtypes of learning disabilities with technol...
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994
... Finally, based on educational records, a major ity (86.7%) of the subjects (CAPD-only and ...... more ... Finally, based on educational records, a major ity (86.7%) of the subjects (CAPD-only and ... Journal of Learning Disabilities 24:630-636 Keith RW, Rudy J, Donahue PA, Katbamna B ... Audiology 26:79-88 Pelham WE, Atkins MS, Murphy HA , White R] (1981), Operationalization ...
Objective To identify behavioral manifestations of executive dysfunction that are associated with... more Objective To identify behavioral manifestations of executive dysfunction that are associated with cerebrovasculopathy, as measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, in children with sickle cell disease (HbSS). Methods Participants were 62 children and adolescents with HbSS disease who had no documented history of cerebrovascular accident. Children were classified according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) criteria (i.e., normal, conditional, and abnormal). Results Although children with abnormal TCD values were rated by their parents as exhibiting greater executive dysfunction in the areas of inhibitory control, problem-solving flexibility, and modulation of emotional responses compared with children in the conditional group, these differences were not clinically significant. In contrast, teachers rated children in the abnormal TCD group as having clinically significant executive dysfunction as manifested in their ability to solve problems in working memory, plan and organize, and self-monitor. Conclusions Our findings lend preliminary support for the utility of teacher-completed screening instruments designed to assess everyday behaviors associated with executive dysfunction in children with HbSS disease, especially among those children at greatest risk for neurological impairment as identified by TCD ultrasonography.
Although a relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic unde... more Although a relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic underachievement has been widely reported, the nature of this relationship has not been specified. The present investigation addresses this relationship directly by comparing 24 students (20 males and 4 females) with ADHD and 20 students (15 males and 5 females) with attention-deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADD/noH) referred to a university-based diagnostic clinic for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The students ranged in age from 6 years 0 months to 12 years 10 months. Consistent with previous reports, this study found that math achievement test scores for students with ADD/noH were significantly lower than those for students with ADHD. These findings support previous research suggesting the ADD/noH may represent a distinct ADD subtype. It is hypothesized that inattention interferes with students' ability to master abstract symbol systems, especially in the acquisi...
This study examined the utility of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) in differe... more This study examined the utility of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) in differentiating between normal and matched dyslexic readers. Significant differences between the groups were manifested on the cognitive subtests of Hand Movements, Number Recall, Word Order, and Matrix Analogies, in favor of the normal readers. The normal readers also produced significantly superior scores on each Achievement Subtest, the Sequential and Achievement Factors, and the Mental Processing Composite. One significant discriminant function was generated which accounted for 66% of the variance between the groups of the K-ABC subtests. The discriminant analysis resulted in an overall 91% correct classification rate.
The neuropsychological investigation of learning disabilities has contributed much toward a more ... more The neuropsychological investigation of learning disabilities has contributed much toward a more complete understanding of how the hemispheres are functionally organized and how differences in this functional organization may affect differential patterns of learning and behavior. It has been suggested that right-hemisphere dysfunction increases the likelihood of difficulty with attention/concentration and of overactive behavior, and interferes with arithmetic calculation more readily than reading and spelling. The present study examined the influence of right-versus left-hemisphere neuropsychological dysfunction on academic achievement and attention using two groups of children with learning disabilities and a group of nondisabled children. Results provide limited support for the hypothesis that the right hemisphere subserves attention and concentration. No support was found for the hypothesis that right-hemisphere deficits are more frequently associated with deficient arithmetic ca...
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1981
The notion that specific Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised subtests and achievemen... more The notion that specific Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised subtests and achievement test results are directly related to lateralized cerebral function is questioned as it pertains to popular conceptualizations of lateral and perceptual asymmetries. An analysis of the performance of matched populations of normal and learning-disabled children on a measure of handedness and perceptual asymmetry (auditory-linguistic) revealed significant differences between groups on these measures. However, no relationship between measures of lateral or perceptual asymmetry and intelligence or math and reading achievement was noted. Consequently it seems prudent to consider deviations in lateral or perceptual asymmetry as potentially symptomatic rather than pathogenic.
Because poor comprehension has been associated with small cerebral volume and there is a high com... more Because poor comprehension has been associated with small cerebral volume and there is a high comorbidity between developmental dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific language impairment, the goal of this study was to determine whether cerebral volume is reduced in dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in general, as some suggest, or whether the reduction in volume corresponds to poor receptive language functioning, regardless of the diagnosis. Participants included 46 children with and without dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, aged 8 to 12 years. Our results indicated that cerebral volume was comparable between those with and without dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder overall. However, when groups were further divided into those with and without receptive language difficulties, children with poor receptive language had smaller volumes bilaterally as hypothesized. Nonetheless, the relationship b...
The performance of normal and learning-disabled children on a dichotic listening task using 30 pa... more The performance of normal and learning-disabled children on a dichotic listening task using 30 paired consonant-vowel (CV) syllables was investigated in a series of studies. The effects of gender, developmental level, and prestimulus cuing on assessed auditory asymmetries were examined. In addition to providing normative data, the results of these studies are discussed as they relate to theoretical notions of cerebral asymmetries in normal and learning-disabled children and as they pertain to clinical diagnosis of childhood learning disabilities.
Although children with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with reduced short-term me... more Although children with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with reduced short-term memory functioning, the relationship between perisylvian morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning has received limited attention. Thus, examining this relationship in children with neurodevelopmental disorders was the focus of this exploratory study. Results suggested leftward asymmetry in the temporal bank of the planum temporale is related to better coding and storage of semantic material. In contrast, parietal bank morphology is related to coding and storage of phonological material, and presence of an extra gyrus in the parietal region is associated with reduced phonological working memory. Data also supported a relationship between pars triangularis morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning, but this is not material-specific.
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Papers by George Hynd