A collection of 247 true morels (Morchella spp.) primarily from the Mediterranean and Aegean Regi... more A collection of 247 true morels (Morchella spp.) primarily from the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Southern Turkey, were analyzed for species diversity using partial RNA polymerase I (RPB1) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene sequences. Based on the result of this initial screen, 62 collections representing the full range of genetic diversity sampled were subjected to multigene phylogenetic species recognition based on genealogical concordance (GCPSR). The 62-taxon dataset consisted of partial sequences from three nuclear protein-coding genes, RNA polymerase I (RPB1), RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation elongation factor (EF1-α), and partial LSU rDNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of the individual and combined datasets, using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML), yielded nearly fully resolved phylogenies that were highly concordant topologically. GCPSR analysis of the 62-taxon dataset resolved 15 putative phylogenetically distinct species. The early diverging Elata (black morels) and Esculenta Clades (yellow morels) were represented, respectively, by 13 and two species. Because a Latin binomial can be applied with confidence to only one of the 15 species (Morchella semilibera), species were identified by clade (Mel for Elata and Mes for Esculenta) followed by a unique Arabic number for each species within these two clades. Eight of the species within the Elata Clade appear to be novel, including all seven species within the Mel-20-to-31 subclade and its sister designated Mel-25. Results of the present study provide essential data for ensuring the sustainability of morel harvests through the formulation of sound conservation policies.
The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an ac... more The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has a protective effect on brain injury after focal permanent cerebral ischemia, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanisms. Cerebral infarction in adult male New Zealand rabbits was induced by microsurgical procedures producing right focal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). CAPE was administered to the treatment group after pMCAO at a dose of 10 μmol kg− 1 once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated, using a modified six-point scale. Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). In the ipsilateral hemisphere, the infarct volume of the brain was assessed in brain slices stained with heamatoxylen and eosin. The results showed that treatment with CAPE significantly reduced the percentage of infarction in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the ischemia group. CAPE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA, CAT and XO content (p < 0.05), whereas it significantly increased the levels of plasma GSH and NO (p < 0.05). Therefore, subacute CAPE administration plays a protective role in focal pMCAO due to attenuation of lipid peroxidation and its antioxidant activity. All of these findings suggest that CAPE provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury through its antioxidant action.
A collection of 247 true morels (Morchella spp.) primarily from the Mediterranean and Aegean Regi... more A collection of 247 true morels (Morchella spp.) primarily from the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Southern Turkey, were analyzed for species diversity using partial RNA polymerase I (RPB1) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene sequences. Based on the result of this initial screen, 62 collections representing the full range of genetic diversity sampled were subjected to multigene phylogenetic species recognition based on genealogical concordance (GCPSR). The 62-taxon dataset consisted of partial sequences from three nuclear protein-coding genes, RNA polymerase I (RPB1), RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation elongation factor (EF1-α), and partial LSU rDNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of the individual and combined datasets, using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML), yielded nearly fully resolved phylogenies that were highly concordant topologically. GCPSR analysis of the 62-taxon dataset resolved 15 putative phylogenetically distinct species. The early diverging Elata (black morels) and Esculenta Clades (yellow morels) were represented, respectively, by 13 and two species. Because a Latin binomial can be applied with confidence to only one of the 15 species (Morchella semilibera), species were identified by clade (Mel for Elata and Mes for Esculenta) followed by a unique Arabic number for each species within these two clades. Eight of the species within the Elata Clade appear to be novel, including all seven species within the Mel-20-to-31 subclade and its sister designated Mel-25. Results of the present study provide essential data for ensuring the sustainability of morel harvests through the formulation of sound conservation policies.
The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an ac... more The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has a protective effect on brain injury after focal permanent cerebral ischemia, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanisms. Cerebral infarction in adult male New Zealand rabbits was induced by microsurgical procedures producing right focal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). CAPE was administered to the treatment group after pMCAO at a dose of 10 μmol kg− 1 once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated, using a modified six-point scale. Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). In the ipsilateral hemisphere, the infarct volume of the brain was assessed in brain slices stained with heamatoxylen and eosin. The results showed that treatment with CAPE significantly reduced the percentage of infarction in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the ischemia group. CAPE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA, CAT and XO content (p < 0.05), whereas it significantly increased the levels of plasma GSH and NO (p < 0.05). Therefore, subacute CAPE administration plays a protective role in focal pMCAO due to attenuation of lipid peroxidation and its antioxidant activity. All of these findings suggest that CAPE provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury through its antioxidant action.
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