Background Diabetes mellitus is a growing worldwide health challenge especially in sub-Saharan Af... more Background Diabetes mellitus is a growing worldwide health challenge especially in sub-Saharan Africa. While the use and effectiveness of diabetes self-management interventions is well documented in high-income countries, little information exists in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study attempted to synthesize information in the literature on the use and efficacy of peer support and social networking in diabetes self-management in Kenya and Uganda. Objective The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize research on the extent of use and efficacy of peer support and social networking interventions in diabetes self-management in Kenya and Uganda. Design We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library databases for articles reporting peer support and social networking interventions in Kenya and Uganda published in English between 2000 and September 2021. Key words encapsulated three major themes: peer support, social networking and self-management. Hand searches were a...
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities required adherence to the individual- and group-... more During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities required adherence to the individual- and group-level protocols with varying levels of success. The study, therefore, sought to identify pathways through which death anxiety, fatalism and fear of COVID-19 predict attitudes towards social distancing. A sample of 160 university students completed an online survey on associations between fatalistic beliefs, selected emotions and attitudes towards social distancing in Kenya. The estimated structural equation model for death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 explained the total variance in attitudes towards social distancing. Fatalism did not moderate associations but insignificantly played a dual role in adherence. Both death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 directly predicted attitudes towards social distancing. Finally, living in a zone labelled as ‘high risk’ predicted higher intentions not to socialise during the pandemic. We recommend that behaviour change interventions incorporate a psycholo...
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2021
College students in Kenya have experienced many mental health issues, and there is little well-gr... more College students in Kenya have experienced many mental health issues, and there is little well-grounded research on this topic. Therefore, in this current study, we aimed to explore college students’ biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and problems from an Ecological Systems Theory (EST) perspective . Due to lack of previous well-grounded mental health research and services, we collaborated with the college students from the beginning of the study and acted with them to shape the research. Based on all these, we called our theoretical framework for this current paper as exploring college students’ biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and problems from the EST perspective . We examined college students’ ( N = 518) mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through six items to measure psychosomatic problems (sadness, anxiety, frustration, stress, loneliness, and withdrawal) and their coping mechanisms (talking to family/friends, physical exercise, social media, reading bo...
This chapter discusses how ‘hidden’ populations of women who use drugs (WWUD) in coastal Kenya be... more This chapter discusses how ‘hidden’ populations of women who use drugs (WWUD) in coastal Kenya became ‘visible’ through accessing health, harm reduction and rights services. This effort was facilitated by the Muslim Education and Welfare Association (MEWA) and their work with community leaders. Mapping undertaken by MEWA outreach workers identified women who use opioids and other substances in isolated drug use settings. MEWA introduced daily meals in identified sites, needle and syringe services and residential rehabilitation services for opioid withdrawal. The introduction of residential adherence services for HIV and tuberculosis and the provision of methadone enabled compliance with the 90-90-90 UN HIV cascade. These services achieved sustained HIV viral load suppression at 83% and a 100% cure rate for tuberculosis among WWUD. In addition, disclosure and partner risk tracing was established in the ‘drug dens’ for women who test positive for STIs. The introduction of women-only h...
This study explored the extent to which demographic, policy, student and community-related factor... more This study explored the extent to which demographic, policy, student and community-related factors influence teachers' job satisfaction and the extent to which teacher efficacy moderates the relationship. The study was conducted among a sample of 123 primary school teachers in Mombasa. A researcher-developed self-report questionnaire was administered. Descriptive statistics in the form of percentages, means and frequencies were used for analysis and presentation. In addition T-test and multiple regression analysis was used to predict relationships between variables. Demographic variables only influenced job satisfaction when interacting with teacher efficacy. Policy, student and community-related factors were strong predictors of teacher job satisfaction. It was recommended that deliberate measures be put in place to improve teacher efficacy, improvements in policies for teachers and positive community involvement in their children's education.
This study explored demographic and contextual predictors of Personal Teacher Efficacy and the ex... more This study explored demographic and contextual predictors of Personal Teacher Efficacy and the extent to which they determine teachers' choice of either traditional or innovative teaching techniques. The study was conducted among a convenient sample of 80 primary school teachers (70.9% female and 29.1% male) attending a degree program at Kenyatta University in Mombasa campus, Coast Province, Kenya. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire adapted from the Teachers' Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001) and the Mentor Support Scale (Capa & Loadman, 2004). A series of multiple regression analyses was done on data collected. Teacher efficacy was found to vary by gender, length of teaching and subject taught. Demographic characteristics did not influence the choice of teaching techniques. Verbal persuasion and mastery predicted personal teacher efficacy. Mastery significantly predicted use of innovative techniques in teaching. Personal teacher...
This study explored the demographic variables of age and class level, school time and future goal... more This study explored the demographic variables of age and class level, school time and future goals as predictors of school burnout. The study also focused on the extent to which Perceived Instrumentality (PI) mediated the relationship. The study was conducted among a random sample of 225 students (all male) from one secondary school in Mombasa, Kenya. Data instruments consisted of the School Burnout Inventory and items used by other researchers in the area. A series of multiple regression analyses was done on data collected. School burnout was found to vary by class level, PI and both Intrinsic Regulation and Extrinsic Regulation. Ambivalent Perceptions of Instrumentality (API) mediated the influence of Internal Regulation (IR) and External Regulation (ER) on school burnout. The study recommended that schools should put in place deliberate interventions to let students know the future implications of current school commitment and also allow students to set own future goals in real t...
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which students' and teachers' atti... more The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which students' and teachers' attitudes hinder good performance in chemistry among students in secondary school. The sample consisted of 482 form three students and nine chemistry teachers from nine secondary schools. Data were collected through a questionnaire and interview schedule. Results showed that chemistry teachers' negative perception of their learners’ abilities was strongly linked to persistent poor performance in chemistry. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should enhance supervision of curriculum implementation in schools, enhance teacher motivation and increase facilities.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues, 2019
The assertion that people are more likely to help identified as opposed to unidentified victims h... more The assertion that people are more likely to help identified as opposed to unidentified victims has not been investigated among secondary victims. This experimental study examined a) whether identifiability predicted changes in observers’ sympathy for a secondary victim; b) whether sympathy for a single primary victim is transferred as helping behaviour to a secondary victim and c) whether sympathy mediated the relationship between identifiability and helping behaviour. The sample comprised 130 undergraduate students at a university in Kenya. Their age ranged from 20 to 24 years (M = 22.09). Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 25. Significant gender differences in helping, significant differences in sympathy and helping by identifiability were found. Sympathy significantly mediated the influence of identifiability on helping. Findings provide support for the role of identifiability and affective reactions in decision making concerning helping indirect v...
Background Diabetes mellitus is a growing worldwide health challenge especially in sub-Saharan Af... more Background Diabetes mellitus is a growing worldwide health challenge especially in sub-Saharan Africa. While the use and effectiveness of diabetes self-management interventions is well documented in high-income countries, little information exists in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study attempted to synthesize information in the literature on the use and efficacy of peer support and social networking in diabetes self-management in Kenya and Uganda. Objective The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize research on the extent of use and efficacy of peer support and social networking interventions in diabetes self-management in Kenya and Uganda. Design We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library databases for articles reporting peer support and social networking interventions in Kenya and Uganda published in English between 2000 and September 2021. Key words encapsulated three major themes: peer support, social networking and self-management. Hand searches were a...
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities required adherence to the individual- and group-... more During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities required adherence to the individual- and group-level protocols with varying levels of success. The study, therefore, sought to identify pathways through which death anxiety, fatalism and fear of COVID-19 predict attitudes towards social distancing. A sample of 160 university students completed an online survey on associations between fatalistic beliefs, selected emotions and attitudes towards social distancing in Kenya. The estimated structural equation model for death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 explained the total variance in attitudes towards social distancing. Fatalism did not moderate associations but insignificantly played a dual role in adherence. Both death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 directly predicted attitudes towards social distancing. Finally, living in a zone labelled as ‘high risk’ predicted higher intentions not to socialise during the pandemic. We recommend that behaviour change interventions incorporate a psycholo...
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2021
College students in Kenya have experienced many mental health issues, and there is little well-gr... more College students in Kenya have experienced many mental health issues, and there is little well-grounded research on this topic. Therefore, in this current study, we aimed to explore college students’ biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and problems from an Ecological Systems Theory (EST) perspective . Due to lack of previous well-grounded mental health research and services, we collaborated with the college students from the beginning of the study and acted with them to shape the research. Based on all these, we called our theoretical framework for this current paper as exploring college students’ biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and problems from the EST perspective . We examined college students’ ( N = 518) mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through six items to measure psychosomatic problems (sadness, anxiety, frustration, stress, loneliness, and withdrawal) and their coping mechanisms (talking to family/friends, physical exercise, social media, reading bo...
This chapter discusses how ‘hidden’ populations of women who use drugs (WWUD) in coastal Kenya be... more This chapter discusses how ‘hidden’ populations of women who use drugs (WWUD) in coastal Kenya became ‘visible’ through accessing health, harm reduction and rights services. This effort was facilitated by the Muslim Education and Welfare Association (MEWA) and their work with community leaders. Mapping undertaken by MEWA outreach workers identified women who use opioids and other substances in isolated drug use settings. MEWA introduced daily meals in identified sites, needle and syringe services and residential rehabilitation services for opioid withdrawal. The introduction of residential adherence services for HIV and tuberculosis and the provision of methadone enabled compliance with the 90-90-90 UN HIV cascade. These services achieved sustained HIV viral load suppression at 83% and a 100% cure rate for tuberculosis among WWUD. In addition, disclosure and partner risk tracing was established in the ‘drug dens’ for women who test positive for STIs. The introduction of women-only h...
This study explored the extent to which demographic, policy, student and community-related factor... more This study explored the extent to which demographic, policy, student and community-related factors influence teachers' job satisfaction and the extent to which teacher efficacy moderates the relationship. The study was conducted among a sample of 123 primary school teachers in Mombasa. A researcher-developed self-report questionnaire was administered. Descriptive statistics in the form of percentages, means and frequencies were used for analysis and presentation. In addition T-test and multiple regression analysis was used to predict relationships between variables. Demographic variables only influenced job satisfaction when interacting with teacher efficacy. Policy, student and community-related factors were strong predictors of teacher job satisfaction. It was recommended that deliberate measures be put in place to improve teacher efficacy, improvements in policies for teachers and positive community involvement in their children's education.
This study explored demographic and contextual predictors of Personal Teacher Efficacy and the ex... more This study explored demographic and contextual predictors of Personal Teacher Efficacy and the extent to which they determine teachers' choice of either traditional or innovative teaching techniques. The study was conducted among a convenient sample of 80 primary school teachers (70.9% female and 29.1% male) attending a degree program at Kenyatta University in Mombasa campus, Coast Province, Kenya. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire adapted from the Teachers' Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001) and the Mentor Support Scale (Capa & Loadman, 2004). A series of multiple regression analyses was done on data collected. Teacher efficacy was found to vary by gender, length of teaching and subject taught. Demographic characteristics did not influence the choice of teaching techniques. Verbal persuasion and mastery predicted personal teacher efficacy. Mastery significantly predicted use of innovative techniques in teaching. Personal teacher...
This study explored the demographic variables of age and class level, school time and future goal... more This study explored the demographic variables of age and class level, school time and future goals as predictors of school burnout. The study also focused on the extent to which Perceived Instrumentality (PI) mediated the relationship. The study was conducted among a random sample of 225 students (all male) from one secondary school in Mombasa, Kenya. Data instruments consisted of the School Burnout Inventory and items used by other researchers in the area. A series of multiple regression analyses was done on data collected. School burnout was found to vary by class level, PI and both Intrinsic Regulation and Extrinsic Regulation. Ambivalent Perceptions of Instrumentality (API) mediated the influence of Internal Regulation (IR) and External Regulation (ER) on school burnout. The study recommended that schools should put in place deliberate interventions to let students know the future implications of current school commitment and also allow students to set own future goals in real t...
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which students' and teachers' atti... more The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which students' and teachers' attitudes hinder good performance in chemistry among students in secondary school. The sample consisted of 482 form three students and nine chemistry teachers from nine secondary schools. Data were collected through a questionnaire and interview schedule. Results showed that chemistry teachers' negative perception of their learners’ abilities was strongly linked to persistent poor performance in chemistry. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should enhance supervision of curriculum implementation in schools, enhance teacher motivation and increase facilities.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues, 2019
The assertion that people are more likely to help identified as opposed to unidentified victims h... more The assertion that people are more likely to help identified as opposed to unidentified victims has not been investigated among secondary victims. This experimental study examined a) whether identifiability predicted changes in observers’ sympathy for a secondary victim; b) whether sympathy for a single primary victim is transferred as helping behaviour to a secondary victim and c) whether sympathy mediated the relationship between identifiability and helping behaviour. The sample comprised 130 undergraduate students at a university in Kenya. Their age ranged from 20 to 24 years (M = 22.09). Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 25. Significant gender differences in helping, significant differences in sympathy and helping by identifiability were found. Sympathy significantly mediated the influence of identifiability on helping. Findings provide support for the role of identifiability and affective reactions in decision making concerning helping indirect v...
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