Annals of International medical and Dental Research
Infections as well as tumours and tumour-like conditions are common in the oral cavity. While hem... more Infections as well as tumours and tumour-like conditions are common in the oral cavity. While hemangiomas are benign vascular tumours which may be encountered in any part of the body, granulomatous infections are unusual in the mouth. We discuss below the rare occurrence of a hemangioma on the lip which was associated with a chronic granuloma.
The interplay between a tumor and its environment is exemplified by the morphological changes obs... more The interplay between a tumor and its environment is exemplified by the morphological changes observed in the stroma of human breast cancer. These changes are evident as stromal desmoplastic reaction. This study evaluated the association of these stromal changes with Tumor size, Tumor grade and axillary node status. Histopathological evaluation showed marked correlation of desmoplastic reaction with higher grade and positive nodes were associated with immature desmoplastic reaction (p<0.05) however no association with tumor size was noted. In conclusion, stromal desmoplastic reaction can be potentially utilized to predict the grade and nodal status of patients. Therefore they can used as prognostic indicators and provide supplementary information regarding known adverse prognostic
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2016
Derangement of thyroid function is a common clinical problem, with variable clinical presentation... more Derangement of thyroid function is a common clinical problem, with variable clinical presentations ranging from subtle, incidentally discovered disorders to overt disease, with frank disturbances of hormone levels and visible thyroid enlargement. In addition, there are the autoimmune thyroid disorders, and the neoplastic enlargements which result in palpable nodules. A large amount of new information has become available in recent times. They provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosis of thyroid nodules, ranging from initial evaluation, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, and their management. Recommendations regarding the initial management of thyroid cancer include those relating to optimal surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation, and suppression therapy using levothyroxine. Recommendations related to long-term management of differentiated thyroid cancer include those related to surveillance for recurrent disease using ultrasound and serum thyroglobulin as well as those related to management of recurrent and metastatic disease. We went through the published literature available electronically and assessed the various studies and their results. The results were reviewed carefully and interpreted in order to analyse the approach to diagnosis of thyroid swellings, especially in the Indian context. Although a detailed review is outside the scope of this paper, we will attempt to discuss some of these guidelines, especially in light of the scenario in our region.
Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and is known for causing meningitis and cutaneous infections ... more Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and is known for causing meningitis and cutaneous infections in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated cryptococcal infection is very rare and almost always found to occur in immunocompromised individuals especially in persons infected with HIV. This is particularly attributed to its capsulated spores. But there are few reported cases in which it has been found to cause disseminated infections even in immunocompetent individuals. We report a similar case of disseminated cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent host. Early detection and treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis is essential to reduce morbidity and for better outcome.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, Apr 1, 2007
Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease cause... more Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease caused by the cysticercus cellulosae. Any region of the eye may be afflicted including the subconjunctival space. We present the case ofa young female who developed a small mass at the medial canthus of the left eye, which was diagnosed as conjunctival cysticercosis subsequent to excision and histopathological examination.
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of odontogenic epithelial origin. The dise... more Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of odontogenic epithelial origin. The disease has been reported to afflict people over a wide range of age group without any sex predilection. It is characterized by rapid growth and destruction of overlying bones along with involvement of adjacent soft tissues. The overall prognosis of this cancer is poor despite radical surgery and radiotherapy. Owing to the rarity of this lesion, complete data on the biological behavior and response to different treatment modalities are still lacking. The authors hereby report a case of this uncommon tumor arising from left maxilla in a 60-year-old Indian male. Histopathological examination of the tumor showed foci of spindling intermixed with large areas of tumor cells arranged in cribriform pattern and having luminal eosinophilic material which was reminiscent of adenoid cystic carcinoma. A final diagnosis was achieved after immunohistochemical study. These unusual findings prompted this ca...
Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma (JAOF) is an uncommon benign lesion which is distinctly agg... more Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma (JAOF) is an uncommon benign lesion which is distinctly aggressive in behavior with high tendency for recurrence. It appears in early age and in 79% of patients is diagnosed before 15. It has two histological variants: psammomatoid and trabecular, with the latter being less common with a stronger tendency to recur. In this article, we present a case of trabecular JAOF, in which treatment could not be given despite the availability of all requisites for surgery and good financial status, due to parental indifference and negligence.
Myopericytoma is a rare benign tumor with perivascular myoid differentiation. It shares histomorp... more Myopericytoma is a rare benign tumor with perivascular myoid differentiation. It shares histomorpholoic features with the so-called hemangiopericytoma, myofibroma and glomus tumor. We hereby report the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with a slowly growing, painless, firm mass on upper lip, diagnosed as myopericytoma on the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second such reported case.
Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease cause... more Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease caused by the cysticercus cellulosae. Any region of the eye may be afflicted including the subconjunctival space. We present the case ofa young female who developed a small mass at the medial canthus of the left eye, which was diagnosed as conjunctival cysticercosis subsequent to excision and histopathological examination.
Metastatic tumours to the mammary gland are relatively uncommon as compared to primary breast mal... more Metastatic tumours to the mammary gland are relatively uncommon as compared to primary breast malignancies. Such lesions can pose diagnostic dilemmas for both the clinician and the pathologist because it is often difficult to categorize the tumour as primary or secondary and to determine the site of origin. We present the case of a thirty year old female who was diagnosed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the mammary gland, probably of pulmonary origin. The diagnostic challenges posed by such a case are highlighted.
Bony metastasis is a frequent occurrence in malignancy. However, the clinical presentation and pa... more Bony metastasis is a frequent occurrence in malignancy. However, the clinical presentation and pathological findings may sometimes be more in favor of a primary bone lesion. In such cases, immunochemistry has a very important role to play in reaching a final diagnosis. We present the case of a 35 year male patient who was investigated for a lytic lesion in the left scapula and was finally diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma with the help of immunostaining.
Ovarian steroid cell tumours (not otherwise specified) are rare neoplasms of the ovary and are cl... more Ovarian steroid cell tumours (not otherwise specified) are rare neoplasms of the ovary and are classified under lipid cell tumours. Their diagnosis can be considered as one of exclusion. Histopathologically, the tumour should carefully be evaluated for microscopic features of malignancy, but it is essential for the clinician and the pathologist to remember that in these tumours, pathologically benign histomorphology does not exclude the possibility of clinically malignant behaviour. Our case study focuses on the comparative findings in a postmenopausal female diagnosed with an ovarian steroid tumour (not otherwise specified). A careful correlation between clinical and surgical evaluation and microscopic analysis is necessary, as is a regular followup.
Yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) are an important subgroup of germ cell tumors of the ov... more Yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) are an important subgroup of germ cell tumors of the ovary. They are seen in young females and are highly aggressive, but respond well to treatment. Although different morphological patterns can be seen on light microscopy, granulomatous reaction and giant cells are a very rare occurrence. We report the case of a young female with ovarian yolk-sac tumor in which a widespread granulomatous reaction was seen, causing a diagnostic dilemma.
Annals of International medical and Dental Research
Infections as well as tumours and tumour-like conditions are common in the oral cavity. While hem... more Infections as well as tumours and tumour-like conditions are common in the oral cavity. While hemangiomas are benign vascular tumours which may be encountered in any part of the body, granulomatous infections are unusual in the mouth. We discuss below the rare occurrence of a hemangioma on the lip which was associated with a chronic granuloma.
The interplay between a tumor and its environment is exemplified by the morphological changes obs... more The interplay between a tumor and its environment is exemplified by the morphological changes observed in the stroma of human breast cancer. These changes are evident as stromal desmoplastic reaction. This study evaluated the association of these stromal changes with Tumor size, Tumor grade and axillary node status. Histopathological evaluation showed marked correlation of desmoplastic reaction with higher grade and positive nodes were associated with immature desmoplastic reaction (p<0.05) however no association with tumor size was noted. In conclusion, stromal desmoplastic reaction can be potentially utilized to predict the grade and nodal status of patients. Therefore they can used as prognostic indicators and provide supplementary information regarding known adverse prognostic
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2016
Derangement of thyroid function is a common clinical problem, with variable clinical presentation... more Derangement of thyroid function is a common clinical problem, with variable clinical presentations ranging from subtle, incidentally discovered disorders to overt disease, with frank disturbances of hormone levels and visible thyroid enlargement. In addition, there are the autoimmune thyroid disorders, and the neoplastic enlargements which result in palpable nodules. A large amount of new information has become available in recent times. They provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosis of thyroid nodules, ranging from initial evaluation, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, and their management. Recommendations regarding the initial management of thyroid cancer include those relating to optimal surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation, and suppression therapy using levothyroxine. Recommendations related to long-term management of differentiated thyroid cancer include those related to surveillance for recurrent disease using ultrasound and serum thyroglobulin as well as those related to management of recurrent and metastatic disease. We went through the published literature available electronically and assessed the various studies and their results. The results were reviewed carefully and interpreted in order to analyse the approach to diagnosis of thyroid swellings, especially in the Indian context. Although a detailed review is outside the scope of this paper, we will attempt to discuss some of these guidelines, especially in light of the scenario in our region.
Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and is known for causing meningitis and cutaneous infections ... more Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and is known for causing meningitis and cutaneous infections in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated cryptococcal infection is very rare and almost always found to occur in immunocompromised individuals especially in persons infected with HIV. This is particularly attributed to its capsulated spores. But there are few reported cases in which it has been found to cause disseminated infections even in immunocompetent individuals. We report a similar case of disseminated cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent host. Early detection and treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis is essential to reduce morbidity and for better outcome.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, Apr 1, 2007
Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease cause... more Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease caused by the cysticercus cellulosae. Any region of the eye may be afflicted including the subconjunctival space. We present the case ofa young female who developed a small mass at the medial canthus of the left eye, which was diagnosed as conjunctival cysticercosis subsequent to excision and histopathological examination.
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of odontogenic epithelial origin. The dise... more Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of odontogenic epithelial origin. The disease has been reported to afflict people over a wide range of age group without any sex predilection. It is characterized by rapid growth and destruction of overlying bones along with involvement of adjacent soft tissues. The overall prognosis of this cancer is poor despite radical surgery and radiotherapy. Owing to the rarity of this lesion, complete data on the biological behavior and response to different treatment modalities are still lacking. The authors hereby report a case of this uncommon tumor arising from left maxilla in a 60-year-old Indian male. Histopathological examination of the tumor showed foci of spindling intermixed with large areas of tumor cells arranged in cribriform pattern and having luminal eosinophilic material which was reminiscent of adenoid cystic carcinoma. A final diagnosis was achieved after immunohistochemical study. These unusual findings prompted this ca...
Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma (JAOF) is an uncommon benign lesion which is distinctly agg... more Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma (JAOF) is an uncommon benign lesion which is distinctly aggressive in behavior with high tendency for recurrence. It appears in early age and in 79% of patients is diagnosed before 15. It has two histological variants: psammomatoid and trabecular, with the latter being less common with a stronger tendency to recur. In this article, we present a case of trabecular JAOF, in which treatment could not be given despite the availability of all requisites for surgery and good financial status, due to parental indifference and negligence.
Myopericytoma is a rare benign tumor with perivascular myoid differentiation. It shares histomorp... more Myopericytoma is a rare benign tumor with perivascular myoid differentiation. It shares histomorpholoic features with the so-called hemangiopericytoma, myofibroma and glomus tumor. We hereby report the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with a slowly growing, painless, firm mass on upper lip, diagnosed as myopericytoma on the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second such reported case.
Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease cause... more Ocular and extraocular cysticercosis is a commonly encountered manifestation of the disease caused by the cysticercus cellulosae. Any region of the eye may be afflicted including the subconjunctival space. We present the case ofa young female who developed a small mass at the medial canthus of the left eye, which was diagnosed as conjunctival cysticercosis subsequent to excision and histopathological examination.
Metastatic tumours to the mammary gland are relatively uncommon as compared to primary breast mal... more Metastatic tumours to the mammary gland are relatively uncommon as compared to primary breast malignancies. Such lesions can pose diagnostic dilemmas for both the clinician and the pathologist because it is often difficult to categorize the tumour as primary or secondary and to determine the site of origin. We present the case of a thirty year old female who was diagnosed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the mammary gland, probably of pulmonary origin. The diagnostic challenges posed by such a case are highlighted.
Bony metastasis is a frequent occurrence in malignancy. However, the clinical presentation and pa... more Bony metastasis is a frequent occurrence in malignancy. However, the clinical presentation and pathological findings may sometimes be more in favor of a primary bone lesion. In such cases, immunochemistry has a very important role to play in reaching a final diagnosis. We present the case of a 35 year male patient who was investigated for a lytic lesion in the left scapula and was finally diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma with the help of immunostaining.
Ovarian steroid cell tumours (not otherwise specified) are rare neoplasms of the ovary and are cl... more Ovarian steroid cell tumours (not otherwise specified) are rare neoplasms of the ovary and are classified under lipid cell tumours. Their diagnosis can be considered as one of exclusion. Histopathologically, the tumour should carefully be evaluated for microscopic features of malignancy, but it is essential for the clinician and the pathologist to remember that in these tumours, pathologically benign histomorphology does not exclude the possibility of clinically malignant behaviour. Our case study focuses on the comparative findings in a postmenopausal female diagnosed with an ovarian steroid tumour (not otherwise specified). A careful correlation between clinical and surgical evaluation and microscopic analysis is necessary, as is a regular followup.
Yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) are an important subgroup of germ cell tumors of the ov... more Yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) are an important subgroup of germ cell tumors of the ovary. They are seen in young females and are highly aggressive, but respond well to treatment. Although different morphological patterns can be seen on light microscopy, granulomatous reaction and giant cells are a very rare occurrence. We report the case of a young female with ovarian yolk-sac tumor in which a widespread granulomatous reaction was seen, causing a diagnostic dilemma.
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