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Visnav is a publication house which brings various international online journals for their users. Visnav is a community which aims to support research scholars and enables them to share their piece of knowledge to global mass. Visnav journals not just publish your article, we connect with you in every possible way to up bring your work and knowledge by impacting its reach globally.
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IJACBS by Editor VISNAV

Preparation of energy bar using figs and dates and analysis of its nutritional status

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Figs (Ficus carica) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are amongst the oldest fruits consumed by hum... more Figs (Ficus carica) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are amongst the oldest fruits consumed by humans known to have endless benefits. Both these dried fruits are high in fiber and excellent sources of anti-oxidants. Dates have various properties such as anti-inflammatory, reduces risk of cancer and heart diseases. A study revealed that consumption of dates show better memory and learning ability. Figs are featured as super foods because of their high mineral and soluble fiber content. Figs are rich in vitamins and are natural laxatives as they contain pre biotic that keeps good bacteria in the gut and Improves digestion. Other dry fruits used in the bar are almonds and walnut which are helpful in weight loss, reduces stress and control blood pressure. Seeds used are sesame, chia and flax which are a great source of vegetarian protein, healthy fat, fibers and numerous other benefits. This bar is a meal replacement bar which should provide high amount of protein and carbohydrates and comparatively less fats. Oats is used as a base which also has a well-balanced nutrient composition.

Molecular Diversity of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary abnormality marked by extreme bone fragility, osteoporosi... more Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary abnormality marked by extreme bone fragility, osteoporosis, and diminished bone mineral density. It is due to the mutation in genes like COL1A1 and COL1A2 responsible for the synthesis of type I collagen. 90% of osteogenesis imperfecta is stated to be produced by dominant autosomal mutations such as COL1A1 or COL1A2 mutations, while 10% of osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by recessive autosomal mutations such as SERPINF1, LEPRE1, SP7, SERPINH1, FKBP10, PLOD2, PPIB, and CRTAP alterations. 20 genes that are linked with osteogenesis imperfecta type I to type XX are discussed in this review article. Among these genes, 5 genes are associated with autosomal dominant, 14 genes causing autosomal recessive and MBTPS2 is located on the X chromosome which is associated with X-linked recessive. Cyclical bisphosphonate therapy has been found to have a positive effect on fracture incidence, bone mineral mass, agility score, and episodes of pain. Similarly, growth hormone therapy and surgical therapy are also valuable to some extent. This study would provide knowledge for clinicians and researchers in search of a better understanding of osteogenesis imperfecta and to combat this disease.

Neuroprotective Role of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are most common disorders that are mostly described by progressi... more Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are most common disorders that are mostly described by progressive dysfunctioning of the neurons in the brain. Genetic mutations and various biological processes can lead to the NDs. The NDs like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS) are related to the oxidative stress (OS). Reduction of the neuronal activity with increasing the elderly population has become greater health problem and causes numerous pathophysiological alterations and it is crucial risk aspect for many of neurodegenerative diseases. Raised levels of the (ROS) reactive oxygen species can lead to the death of neuronal cell therefore, decreased levels ROS are significant to retain the normal functions of the neurons. Indeed, the synthetic drugs are widely used to treat the neurological disorders but they are shown to have the side effects. In the treatment of various NDs, benefits of using the polyphenols have been suggested by the various studies because of their minute side effects. In this review, neuroprotective effects of the polyphenols like resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and quercetin in PD, AD and MS and signaling pathways as well as regulation of the immune response via polyphenols are discussed.

Interlinkage among DNA methylation, obesity and colorectal cancer

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Many kinds of epigenetic methods like DNA methylation affect the weight and cause obesity, which ... more Many kinds of epigenetic methods like DNA methylation affect the weight and cause obesity, which is a high risk factor of colorectal cancer. To find the association between obesity and CRC and DNA methylation we studied CRC patients and obese, concentrating on genome-wide DNA methylation changes. Consequences exhibited unequal distributions of overlapping distinct methylated regions like hyper methylated CpG islands that can be responsible for epigenetic instability causing cancer to start in obese patients. In addition, functional investigation proposes that DNA methylation alterations of extracellular components like o-glycan processing and intracellular components play a role for activation of cancer causing genes like KRAS and SCL2A1 and repression of tumor suppressors like ARHGEF4, EPHB2 and SOCS3 causing an increase in ability of oncogenes to cause cancer. Our study suggests that how in obesity DNA methylation occurs and takes part in development of colorectal cancer, giving direct evidence of relationship between CRC and obesity. It also shows using DNA methylation as diagnostic marker and early risk evaluation to detect patients with high risk for CRC.

Ecosystem services as a tool for conservation argument: Emphasis on pollination and seed dispersal

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Ecosystem Services (ESS) are the benefits of goods and services that humans enjoy from nature whi... more Ecosystem Services (ESS) are the benefits of goods and services that humans enjoy from nature which are usually taken for granted. It has been used in this paper as a veritable tool for the conservation argument. Biodiversity and their critical services such as pollination, seed dispersal, climate regulation, drought mitigation and water purification as only some of these services are continually been threatened at an alarming rate. In order for these ecosystem services (ESS) to be better appreciated, their value needs to be emphasized. Ecosystem services (ESS) can be a powerful tool for conservation argument but placing a value on these services is difficult, this paper tries to put forward ecosystem services (ESS) by highlighting some of these important services and their values economically and otherwise as an approach that is working by influencing decision makers, the paper also gave evidence to support the relationship between biodiversity per species richness and ecosystem services to support the conservation movement.

Study on the connection between Dietary lifestyle of People at Kasisi and Kabulonga, Zambia

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

The study focused on the connection between dietary lifestyle, nutrition and diet status among di... more The study focused on the connection between dietary lifestyle, nutrition and diet status among different groups of people from rural (Kasisi) and urban (Kabulonga) areas of the Chongwe and Lusaka Districts of Zambia. A cross-sectional study design that covered in this research article and well-structured questionnaires were covered for data collection. Simple random technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents from the two areas of this research sample people, which was divided into respondents from each area. SPSS was used to analysis the data. The study showed that there is a connection between dietary lifestyle, diet and nutritional status among different groups of people.

Profitability of hybrid sweet corn (Zea mays L. var Macho F1) production as applied with combined organic and inorganic fertilizers

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

Organic manures can be used as an alternative for inorganic fertilizers. However, the application... more Organic manures can be used as an alternative for inorganic fertilizers. However, the application of organic inputs alone cannot meet the nutritional requirements of the crop. There is a need to combine them with inorganic fertilizers to attain better yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of sweetcorn and assess the profitability of the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on sweetcorn production. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were as follows: T0 = Control (without fertilizer applied), T1-Inorganic fertilizer at 90-60-60 kg ha-1 (N, P2O5, K2O), T2 = 5 t ha-1 of vermicompost + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T3 = 5 t ha-1 of poultry manure + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T4 = 5 t ha-1 of cow manure + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T5 = 5 t ha-1 of goat manure + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T6 = 5 t ha-1 of mudpress + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T7 = Foliar spray (Fermented Golden Snail) + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O. Sweetcorn plants applied with organic + inorganic fertilizers regardless of sources gave a significant growth and yield compared to those plants without fertilizer applied. The highest net income and ROI were obtained from plants applied with combined goat manure and inorganic fertilizers at PhP 62,086.00 ha-1 and 72 %, respectively.

Clinical Significance of Albumin: Structure, Function and Role in Different Pathophysiological States

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

Albumin is abundant protein in the human plasma. It is monomeric, multi-domain protein that cause... more Albumin is abundant protein in the human plasma. It is monomeric, multi-domain protein that causes oncotic pressure and involve in fluid distribution between the body compartments. It belongs to transport protein family and consist of single chain of 585 amino acids with molecular weight 66.5kDa. In healthy adults' its normal range is 3.5-5.5 g/dl mainly synthesize in hepatocytes. Its binding property impart significant role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs and important molecules. Alteration in blood composition reflect disease status mainly protein and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) have used as a biomarker. Protein biomarker has significant importance due to small pool of protein, capitalize for diagnosis of disease by measuring these changing concentration. Albumin as a protein has the capacity to act as markers for the detection and monitoring of disease, its progression, prognosis, or assess the clinical status of patients. Hypoalbuminemia is observed in hypovolemic shock, burns, surgical loss of blood, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, gastric tract disorder, acute and chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. But hyeralbuminemia is only observed in dehydration. Hypoalbuminemia increases complications and long-term mortality in many diseases.

BMP signaling in vascular calcification: A study on the probable pathways of inhibition

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

Vascular calcification causes more than 20,000 deaths each year, and the aortic valve is the most... more Vascular calcification causes more than 20,000 deaths each year, and the aortic valve is the most commonly affected due to it. It leads to mineral deposition in the aortic side of heart valves which leads to stenosis,-characterized by the narrowing of the vessel lumen, and often requires surgical valve replacement. Initially this condition was attributed to a passive process of "wear and tear" of the heart but recent studies have confirmed the presence of inflammation, infiltration of lipids, and presence of bone related proteins in affected valves. In human-beings, the aortic valve is a trileaflet structure which is generally divided into an outer layer of Valve Endothelial Cells (VECs) and three internal layers of Valve Interstitial Cells (VICs), less than 5 % of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGFβ) Superfamily, which play inevitable roles in the maintenance and repair of bone and other tissues in an adult. BMPs were first identified to be potential inducers of ectopic bone formation, after being injected subcutaneously in rats. With respect to the calcification of the heart tissue, their fundamental effect is seen in the smooth muscle cells, which gradually change their phenotype from vascular to synthetic, and lay down the ground for subsequent calcification. Common to the variant processes of vascular calcification is a prominent involvement of BMP-2 paracrine signaling. It may also be noted that the processes of bone formation and atherosclerosis are similar to each other in many instances and hence bring about the possibility of common pathways to combat the two similar conditions. This review article focuses on the effects of BMPs in the control and development of vascular calcification, and the probable pathways that may interfere with or augment this BMP-induced vascular calcification process.

EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL ON BACTERIAL POPULATION AND DIVERSITY OF GOPALPUR SOIL SERIES

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Soil contaminated with heavy metals is emerging hazardous tendency across the world due to variou... more Soil contaminated with heavy metals is emerging hazardous tendency across the world due to various activities. Soil are providing habitat to many organisms and its contamination leads to effect the growth, yield and performance. The heavy metal deposition in soil effects microbial diversity and production. In this study the heavy metal, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were selected to observe their effect on bacterial population and diversity from Gopalpur soil series. The incubation period of heavy metals was for every 15 days. Bacterial population and diversity were determined carefully by viable count and colony characteristics method. The combined applications of heavy metal were found more toxic to bacterial population than single application. The bacterial abundance including diversity decreases with time.

Inhibition of Candida infections by synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles and mechanism thereof

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Candida infections are very serious cause of health issues and consequently, there is critical re... more Candida infections are very serious cause of health issues and consequently, there is critical requirement for novel drug lead compounds with potent antifungal activity and least side effects. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established by microdilution technique. Drug resistance in microorganisms has imitated significant susceptibility to present medicines; hence alternatives to fight with resistant fungal pathogens are desirable. Our focus was to prepare as well as categorize zinc oxide nanoparticle with Candida sp. and to explore them in terms of their antifungal potential. ZnO NPs have been successfully amalgamated through hydrothermal process utilizing zinc nitrate precursor and calcination at 150 °C for 12 h. The synthesized ZnO NPs determined antifungal activity against fungal isolates. The ZnO NPs were characterized using standard physicochemical characterization viz. XRD, SEM, FTIR and EDX. The characteristic antifungal property of ZnO NPs against C. albicans (ATCC 10231) was estimated. The ZnO NPs depicted antifungal potential which advocate their use as material for development of antifungal drugs to be used in food industry, cosmetics, water purification, textile industry etc.

Isolation and characterization of bacteria of Amjhupi and Ishurdi soil series of Bangladesh

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Bacteria are single celled, ancient life form, omnipresent and living in all conditions. Its isol... more Bacteria are single celled, ancient life form, omnipresent and living in all conditions. Its isolation and identification from different resources is very much important for its classification and knowledge of its pathogenicity. In soils the bacteria and fungi dominated by its presences and account for almost all the biological and chemical changes in environments. In this study, bacteria from Amjhupi and Ishurdi, Bangladesh soil series were isolated and characterized. Well-isolated colonies of bacteria were evaluated in size, pigmentation, form, margin and elevation. It has been observed that Ishurdi soil was found to have more bacterial population than that of Amjhupi soil. From simple and negative staining, shape and arrangement were determined. The ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated for both soils. Majority of the bacteria were spore and capsule former. The bacteria were nonacid fast and were arranged in chain form in both soils. The presence of rod shaped bacteria (bacillus) compared to round shaped (coccus) in soils is conspicuous.

EGFR-tyrosine kinase mutations in non-small cell lung cancer-based responsiveness to anti-cancer therapy

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Lung cancer based on physiological appearance and areas of the tissues affected are classified as... more Lung cancer based on physiological appearance and areas of the tissues affected are classified as small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Different types of tumours arise due to varied genetic mutations involved in tumour progression which is specific for cancer subtypes. Non-small cell lung cancer exhibits mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor. Hence, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used to suppress tumour progression. Due to variation in mutation, responsiveness to drug therapy efficacy is different in different individuals and hence leads to poor prognosis of cancer. This review aims to summarize the EGFR mutations involved in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer and tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs approved for the treatment.

Current advancements on Covid-19 potential treatments: Learning from literature review

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

The coronavirus disease hit the world in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A lot of developments tow... more The coronavirus disease hit the world in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A lot of developments towards the treatment of the disease have risen but no therapy has been scientifically proven successful up to date. However, regardless of current vaccines under clinical trials, much attention has been brought to repurposing old drugs as thousands of studies discuss their potential effectiveness against COVID-19. The present review discusses recent advancements in possible novel treatment and preventive therapeutics that are in ongoing trials. All the reviewed therapeutics in this article, regardless of their promising outcomes on the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19, have demonstrated no support to their efficacy regardless of other therapeutics such as convalescent plasma which has shown some potentiality for use. However, all the discussed interventions need thorough drug repositioning and advanced trial levels for them to be proved ready for clinical use.

Nutritional efficacy of fermented cocoyam mixed with Tridax procumbens leaf meal on growth weight, haemoglobin content, serum biochemistry and the carcass evaluation of pigs

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

The research was conducted to investigate the nutritional efficacy of fermented mixtures of cocoy... more The research was conducted to investigate the nutritional efficacy of fermented mixtures of cocoyam mixed with tridax procumbens leaf meal on the growth weight, haemoglobin content, serum biochemistry and the carcass evaluation of pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Swine unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Cocoyam mixed with tridax procumbens leaf meal were mixed in the ration of 3:1 and allowed to ferment in an air tight environment for six days and after that was sundried. The product was referred to as FCTPLM premix. A total of 40 grower pigs of large white were used for the study. At the end of the trial, two pigs were slaughtered to compare the internal organs such as heart, abdominal fat, spleen etc; to assess the carcass value. The results from the study shows significant (p<0.05) differences on the performance characteristics of weaner pigs, while animals on 16% diet gave the best compared to other diets in final weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (25.67kg, 2.06 and 2.52) respectively. There were significant differences (P>0.05) on the carcass evaluation of the pigs. There were no significant different (P>0.05) found among haemoglobin content, pack cell volume and red blood cells. It was concluded that FCTPM premix could completely replace maize without adversely affecting the overall growth performance of the pigs. Implications and recommendations were made from the findings of the study.

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L)

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

The fluorescence characteristics of seed powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of ... more The fluorescence characteristics of seed powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of long and short wavelengths and ordinary visible light. When the small-grained drug and extracts were treated with totally different reagents and determined below ultraviolet illumination UV actinic radiation normal light, they emitted various color radiations. The colour modification for the seed powder and individual extract were distinctive and consistent revealing the solvent properties to the phytoconstituents and knowledge is gift. Phytochemical presence of absence in compounds in Plants Silybum marianum is the rich source of all the elements essential for humans. The moister content was calculated through the loss of the drying method and values were recorded. Vitamin E, vitamin C, along with beta carotene is antioxidants.

The effects of graded levels of bovine rumen contents (digesta) supplemented with unripe plantain peels on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

This study investigated the effects of graded levels of bovine rumen contents (digesta) supplemen... more This study investigated the effects of graded levels of bovine rumen contents (digesta) supplemented with unripe plantain peels on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. Digesta and unripe plantain peel meal were mixed in the ration of 3:1 and allowed to ferment in an air tight environment for six days and after that was sundried. The pigs were divided into 5 groups based on average initial weights (20-25kg) and each group of grower pigs were respectively allocated to each of the five treatment diets using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group contained 2 replicates of 4 pigs (2male and 2 female). These pigs were fed twice daily and water supplied adlibitium. The treatment diets consisted of the following of DUPPM at 0% (controlled), 20%, 40%, 60% & and 80% (controlled) replacement of maize in the control diet were formulated. During the feeding trial, weekly feed consumption, weight changes, and nutrient digestibility were recorded for all the levels, while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were estimated to assess performance of the weaner pigs. The results from the study shows significant (p<0.05) differences on the performance characteristics of grower pigs, while animals on 80%% diet gave the best compared to other diets in final weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (25.67kg, 2.06 and 2.52) respectively. There were significant differences (P>0.05) on the nutrient digestibility of the pigs. It was concluded that DUPPM could completely replace maize without adversely affecting the overall growth performance of the pigs. Implications and recommendations were made from the findings of the study.

The First Record of the Genus Tropidia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) From Nepal

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

Orchidaceae, the largest family of the angiosperms, comprises various attractive flowers, not onl... more Orchidaceae, the largest family of the angiosperms, comprises various attractive flowers, not only important for their beauty but also for their use in medicine and trade. The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. This tribe Tropidieae is one of the earliest diverging clades in sub-family Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae). Corymborkis comprises eight species and has a pan tropical distribution. Kalimantanorchis is the most recently established genus in the tribe and consists of single species distributed in Indonesia. The genus Tropidia is composed of ca. 30 species distributed in southern Asia, South Pacific islands and northern Australia, and a single species occurring in America, from United States to Ecuador. Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants in Nepal, comprising of more than 450 species that span 107 genera (around 7% of total angiosperms in Nepal). They are distributed between 60 m to 5200 m. Since orchids are facing an extinction risk from various anthropogenic factors at the regional and global level. The paper aims to document the species of new record of Orchid in and around the Kaligandaki valley. T. curculigoides has not been reported before. Thus the first record of the genus Tropidia for Nepal is elaborated here. It consists of Tropidia curculigoides, a species found in the subtropical region, Central Nepal. Description, photos, key and distribution site of the species are provided.

The impacts of seasonal variation of Aflatoxins load on some pigs feeds in the tropics of Niger delta

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

The research was conducted to study the impacts of seasons on aflatoxins loads of some pig's feed... more The research was conducted to study the impacts of seasons on aflatoxins loads of some pig's feedstuffs in the humid tropics was investigated, the feedstuffs sampled were cassava peels, cocoyam peels and palm kernel cake. The study lasted for thirty-two weeks. These feedstuffs were collected in two piggery farms in each of the four LGAs that make up Uyo zone of Akwa Ibom state, in both dry and rainy seasons. The collected feedstuff samples were analyzed in the laboratory for aflatoxins concentration levels using AOAC method of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with some modifications. Data were collected from the aflatoxins laboratory analysis of these feedstuffs. The results of this study indicated the presence of aflatoxins in all the sampled feedstuffs, however the lowest concentration of aflatoxins which is 0.011ppb is obtained in cocoyam peels and cassava peels while the highest concentration of aflatoxins obtained is 0.055 ppb in palm kernel cake, these values are within the tolerance limit in Nigeria for total aflatoxins, which is 20 ppb. The obtained aflatoxins levels are within range and poses less risk to pigs and pork consumers. The results also shows that there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) on the aflatoxins concentration levels of the feedstuffs at their sources, across the piggery farm locations, in the season and source of feeds interactions, as well as season and feedstuffs interactions. However the main effect of season on aflatoxins level which is 0.022 ppb and 0.044 ppb in the dry and rainy season respectively were highly significant (P < 0.01).Also the main effect of aflatoxins of the feedstuffs were highly significant (P < 0.01). There were higher values in the aflatoxins levels in all the feedstuffs sampled in the rainy season than in the dry season. It was therefore concluded that season has an impacts on the aflatoxins level of pig's feedstuffs with rainy season favouring toxigenic mould metabolism and growth in the feedstuffs which produces aflatoxins as their metabolites than in the dry season in this study, hence adequate preservative measures, proper feed handling and storage should be adopted. It is therefore recommended that piggery farmers should adopt adequate preventive measures and also apply the various preservative storage methods in order to reduce the aflatoxins levels in feedstuffs especially in the rainy season for better performance of the pigs and safety of pork consumers.

Medicinal properties of phyto-constituents from Rubiaceae family of Assam: Critical Review

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

Assam is the gateway to Northeast India and is well-known for its rich biodiversity and wildlife ... more Assam is the gateway to Northeast India and is well-known for its rich biodiversity and wildlife resources. The land of Assam is very fertile and is blessed with different plant species with high medicinal properties. The tribal and ethnic people living here have a vast knowledge of different medicinal plants and have been using these plants as herbal medicines for different diseases and ailments for ages. Rubiaceae, one of the medicinally and economically important plant families are widely distributed over different locations of Assam. Most of them have great medicinal value because of the different phytochemicals present in it. The present review deliberates some commonly found medicinal plant species of the Rubiaceae family, including Adina cordifolia,

Preparation of energy bar using figs and dates and analysis of its nutritional status

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Figs (Ficus carica) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are amongst the oldest fruits consumed by hum... more Figs (Ficus carica) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are amongst the oldest fruits consumed by humans known to have endless benefits. Both these dried fruits are high in fiber and excellent sources of anti-oxidants. Dates have various properties such as anti-inflammatory, reduces risk of cancer and heart diseases. A study revealed that consumption of dates show better memory and learning ability. Figs are featured as super foods because of their high mineral and soluble fiber content. Figs are rich in vitamins and are natural laxatives as they contain pre biotic that keeps good bacteria in the gut and Improves digestion. Other dry fruits used in the bar are almonds and walnut which are helpful in weight loss, reduces stress and control blood pressure. Seeds used are sesame, chia and flax which are a great source of vegetarian protein, healthy fat, fibers and numerous other benefits. This bar is a meal replacement bar which should provide high amount of protein and carbohydrates and comparatively less fats. Oats is used as a base which also has a well-balanced nutrient composition.

Molecular Diversity of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary abnormality marked by extreme bone fragility, osteoporosi... more Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary abnormality marked by extreme bone fragility, osteoporosis, and diminished bone mineral density. It is due to the mutation in genes like COL1A1 and COL1A2 responsible for the synthesis of type I collagen. 90% of osteogenesis imperfecta is stated to be produced by dominant autosomal mutations such as COL1A1 or COL1A2 mutations, while 10% of osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by recessive autosomal mutations such as SERPINF1, LEPRE1, SP7, SERPINH1, FKBP10, PLOD2, PPIB, and CRTAP alterations. 20 genes that are linked with osteogenesis imperfecta type I to type XX are discussed in this review article. Among these genes, 5 genes are associated with autosomal dominant, 14 genes causing autosomal recessive and MBTPS2 is located on the X chromosome which is associated with X-linked recessive. Cyclical bisphosphonate therapy has been found to have a positive effect on fracture incidence, bone mineral mass, agility score, and episodes of pain. Similarly, growth hormone therapy and surgical therapy are also valuable to some extent. This study would provide knowledge for clinicians and researchers in search of a better understanding of osteogenesis imperfecta and to combat this disease.

Neuroprotective Role of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are most common disorders that are mostly described by progressi... more Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are most common disorders that are mostly described by progressive dysfunctioning of the neurons in the brain. Genetic mutations and various biological processes can lead to the NDs. The NDs like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS) are related to the oxidative stress (OS). Reduction of the neuronal activity with increasing the elderly population has become greater health problem and causes numerous pathophysiological alterations and it is crucial risk aspect for many of neurodegenerative diseases. Raised levels of the (ROS) reactive oxygen species can lead to the death of neuronal cell therefore, decreased levels ROS are significant to retain the normal functions of the neurons. Indeed, the synthetic drugs are widely used to treat the neurological disorders but they are shown to have the side effects. In the treatment of various NDs, benefits of using the polyphenols have been suggested by the various studies because of their minute side effects. In this review, neuroprotective effects of the polyphenols like resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and quercetin in PD, AD and MS and signaling pathways as well as regulation of the immune response via polyphenols are discussed.

Interlinkage among DNA methylation, obesity and colorectal cancer

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Many kinds of epigenetic methods like DNA methylation affect the weight and cause obesity, which ... more Many kinds of epigenetic methods like DNA methylation affect the weight and cause obesity, which is a high risk factor of colorectal cancer. To find the association between obesity and CRC and DNA methylation we studied CRC patients and obese, concentrating on genome-wide DNA methylation changes. Consequences exhibited unequal distributions of overlapping distinct methylated regions like hyper methylated CpG islands that can be responsible for epigenetic instability causing cancer to start in obese patients. In addition, functional investigation proposes that DNA methylation alterations of extracellular components like o-glycan processing and intracellular components play a role for activation of cancer causing genes like KRAS and SCL2A1 and repression of tumor suppressors like ARHGEF4, EPHB2 and SOCS3 causing an increase in ability of oncogenes to cause cancer. Our study suggests that how in obesity DNA methylation occurs and takes part in development of colorectal cancer, giving direct evidence of relationship between CRC and obesity. It also shows using DNA methylation as diagnostic marker and early risk evaluation to detect patients with high risk for CRC.

Ecosystem services as a tool for conservation argument: Emphasis on pollination and seed dispersal

Visnav, May 7, 2021

Ecosystem Services (ESS) are the benefits of goods and services that humans enjoy from nature whi... more Ecosystem Services (ESS) are the benefits of goods and services that humans enjoy from nature which are usually taken for granted. It has been used in this paper as a veritable tool for the conservation argument. Biodiversity and their critical services such as pollination, seed dispersal, climate regulation, drought mitigation and water purification as only some of these services are continually been threatened at an alarming rate. In order for these ecosystem services (ESS) to be better appreciated, their value needs to be emphasized. Ecosystem services (ESS) can be a powerful tool for conservation argument but placing a value on these services is difficult, this paper tries to put forward ecosystem services (ESS) by highlighting some of these important services and their values economically and otherwise as an approach that is working by influencing decision makers, the paper also gave evidence to support the relationship between biodiversity per species richness and ecosystem services to support the conservation movement.

Study on the connection between Dietary lifestyle of People at Kasisi and Kabulonga, Zambia

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

The study focused on the connection between dietary lifestyle, nutrition and diet status among di... more The study focused on the connection between dietary lifestyle, nutrition and diet status among different groups of people from rural (Kasisi) and urban (Kabulonga) areas of the Chongwe and Lusaka Districts of Zambia. A cross-sectional study design that covered in this research article and well-structured questionnaires were covered for data collection. Simple random technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents from the two areas of this research sample people, which was divided into respondents from each area. SPSS was used to analysis the data. The study showed that there is a connection between dietary lifestyle, diet and nutritional status among different groups of people.

Profitability of hybrid sweet corn (Zea mays L. var Macho F1) production as applied with combined organic and inorganic fertilizers

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

Organic manures can be used as an alternative for inorganic fertilizers. However, the application... more Organic manures can be used as an alternative for inorganic fertilizers. However, the application of organic inputs alone cannot meet the nutritional requirements of the crop. There is a need to combine them with inorganic fertilizers to attain better yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of sweetcorn and assess the profitability of the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on sweetcorn production. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were as follows: T0 = Control (without fertilizer applied), T1-Inorganic fertilizer at 90-60-60 kg ha-1 (N, P2O5, K2O), T2 = 5 t ha-1 of vermicompost + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T3 = 5 t ha-1 of poultry manure + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T4 = 5 t ha-1 of cow manure + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T5 = 5 t ha-1 of goat manure + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T6 = 5 t ha-1 of mudpress + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T7 = Foliar spray (Fermented Golden Snail) + 45-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O. Sweetcorn plants applied with organic + inorganic fertilizers regardless of sources gave a significant growth and yield compared to those plants without fertilizer applied. The highest net income and ROI were obtained from plants applied with combined goat manure and inorganic fertilizers at PhP 62,086.00 ha-1 and 72 %, respectively.

Clinical Significance of Albumin: Structure, Function and Role in Different Pathophysiological States

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

Albumin is abundant protein in the human plasma. It is monomeric, multi-domain protein that cause... more Albumin is abundant protein in the human plasma. It is monomeric, multi-domain protein that causes oncotic pressure and involve in fluid distribution between the body compartments. It belongs to transport protein family and consist of single chain of 585 amino acids with molecular weight 66.5kDa. In healthy adults' its normal range is 3.5-5.5 g/dl mainly synthesize in hepatocytes. Its binding property impart significant role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs and important molecules. Alteration in blood composition reflect disease status mainly protein and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) have used as a biomarker. Protein biomarker has significant importance due to small pool of protein, capitalize for diagnosis of disease by measuring these changing concentration. Albumin as a protein has the capacity to act as markers for the detection and monitoring of disease, its progression, prognosis, or assess the clinical status of patients. Hypoalbuminemia is observed in hypovolemic shock, burns, surgical loss of blood, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, gastric tract disorder, acute and chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. But hyeralbuminemia is only observed in dehydration. Hypoalbuminemia increases complications and long-term mortality in many diseases.

BMP signaling in vascular calcification: A study on the probable pathways of inhibition

Visnav, Mar 7, 2021

Vascular calcification causes more than 20,000 deaths each year, and the aortic valve is the most... more Vascular calcification causes more than 20,000 deaths each year, and the aortic valve is the most commonly affected due to it. It leads to mineral deposition in the aortic side of heart valves which leads to stenosis,-characterized by the narrowing of the vessel lumen, and often requires surgical valve replacement. Initially this condition was attributed to a passive process of "wear and tear" of the heart but recent studies have confirmed the presence of inflammation, infiltration of lipids, and presence of bone related proteins in affected valves. In human-beings, the aortic valve is a trileaflet structure which is generally divided into an outer layer of Valve Endothelial Cells (VECs) and three internal layers of Valve Interstitial Cells (VICs), less than 5 % of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGFβ) Superfamily, which play inevitable roles in the maintenance and repair of bone and other tissues in an adult. BMPs were first identified to be potential inducers of ectopic bone formation, after being injected subcutaneously in rats. With respect to the calcification of the heart tissue, their fundamental effect is seen in the smooth muscle cells, which gradually change their phenotype from vascular to synthetic, and lay down the ground for subsequent calcification. Common to the variant processes of vascular calcification is a prominent involvement of BMP-2 paracrine signaling. It may also be noted that the processes of bone formation and atherosclerosis are similar to each other in many instances and hence bring about the possibility of common pathways to combat the two similar conditions. This review article focuses on the effects of BMPs in the control and development of vascular calcification, and the probable pathways that may interfere with or augment this BMP-induced vascular calcification process.

EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL ON BACTERIAL POPULATION AND DIVERSITY OF GOPALPUR SOIL SERIES

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Soil contaminated with heavy metals is emerging hazardous tendency across the world due to variou... more Soil contaminated with heavy metals is emerging hazardous tendency across the world due to various activities. Soil are providing habitat to many organisms and its contamination leads to effect the growth, yield and performance. The heavy metal deposition in soil effects microbial diversity and production. In this study the heavy metal, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were selected to observe their effect on bacterial population and diversity from Gopalpur soil series. The incubation period of heavy metals was for every 15 days. Bacterial population and diversity were determined carefully by viable count and colony characteristics method. The combined applications of heavy metal were found more toxic to bacterial population than single application. The bacterial abundance including diversity decreases with time.

Inhibition of Candida infections by synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles and mechanism thereof

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Candida infections are very serious cause of health issues and consequently, there is critical re... more Candida infections are very serious cause of health issues and consequently, there is critical requirement for novel drug lead compounds with potent antifungal activity and least side effects. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established by microdilution technique. Drug resistance in microorganisms has imitated significant susceptibility to present medicines; hence alternatives to fight with resistant fungal pathogens are desirable. Our focus was to prepare as well as categorize zinc oxide nanoparticle with Candida sp. and to explore them in terms of their antifungal potential. ZnO NPs have been successfully amalgamated through hydrothermal process utilizing zinc nitrate precursor and calcination at 150 °C for 12 h. The synthesized ZnO NPs determined antifungal activity against fungal isolates. The ZnO NPs were characterized using standard physicochemical characterization viz. XRD, SEM, FTIR and EDX. The characteristic antifungal property of ZnO NPs against C. albicans (ATCC 10231) was estimated. The ZnO NPs depicted antifungal potential which advocate their use as material for development of antifungal drugs to be used in food industry, cosmetics, water purification, textile industry etc.

Isolation and characterization of bacteria of Amjhupi and Ishurdi soil series of Bangladesh

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Bacteria are single celled, ancient life form, omnipresent and living in all conditions. Its isol... more Bacteria are single celled, ancient life form, omnipresent and living in all conditions. Its isolation and identification from different resources is very much important for its classification and knowledge of its pathogenicity. In soils the bacteria and fungi dominated by its presences and account for almost all the biological and chemical changes in environments. In this study, bacteria from Amjhupi and Ishurdi, Bangladesh soil series were isolated and characterized. Well-isolated colonies of bacteria were evaluated in size, pigmentation, form, margin and elevation. It has been observed that Ishurdi soil was found to have more bacterial population than that of Amjhupi soil. From simple and negative staining, shape and arrangement were determined. The ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated for both soils. Majority of the bacteria were spore and capsule former. The bacteria were nonacid fast and were arranged in chain form in both soils. The presence of rod shaped bacteria (bacillus) compared to round shaped (coccus) in soils is conspicuous.

EGFR-tyrosine kinase mutations in non-small cell lung cancer-based responsiveness to anti-cancer therapy

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

Lung cancer based on physiological appearance and areas of the tissues affected are classified as... more Lung cancer based on physiological appearance and areas of the tissues affected are classified as small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Different types of tumours arise due to varied genetic mutations involved in tumour progression which is specific for cancer subtypes. Non-small cell lung cancer exhibits mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor. Hence, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used to suppress tumour progression. Due to variation in mutation, responsiveness to drug therapy efficacy is different in different individuals and hence leads to poor prognosis of cancer. This review aims to summarize the EGFR mutations involved in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer and tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs approved for the treatment.

Current advancements on Covid-19 potential treatments: Learning from literature review

Visnav, Jan 7, 2021

The coronavirus disease hit the world in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A lot of developments tow... more The coronavirus disease hit the world in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A lot of developments towards the treatment of the disease have risen but no therapy has been scientifically proven successful up to date. However, regardless of current vaccines under clinical trials, much attention has been brought to repurposing old drugs as thousands of studies discuss their potential effectiveness against COVID-19. The present review discusses recent advancements in possible novel treatment and preventive therapeutics that are in ongoing trials. All the reviewed therapeutics in this article, regardless of their promising outcomes on the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19, have demonstrated no support to their efficacy regardless of other therapeutics such as convalescent plasma which has shown some potentiality for use. However, all the discussed interventions need thorough drug repositioning and advanced trial levels for them to be proved ready for clinical use.

Nutritional efficacy of fermented cocoyam mixed with Tridax procumbens leaf meal on growth weight, haemoglobin content, serum biochemistry and the carcass evaluation of pigs

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

The research was conducted to investigate the nutritional efficacy of fermented mixtures of cocoy... more The research was conducted to investigate the nutritional efficacy of fermented mixtures of cocoyam mixed with tridax procumbens leaf meal on the growth weight, haemoglobin content, serum biochemistry and the carcass evaluation of pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Swine unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Cocoyam mixed with tridax procumbens leaf meal were mixed in the ration of 3:1 and allowed to ferment in an air tight environment for six days and after that was sundried. The product was referred to as FCTPLM premix. A total of 40 grower pigs of large white were used for the study. At the end of the trial, two pigs were slaughtered to compare the internal organs such as heart, abdominal fat, spleen etc; to assess the carcass value. The results from the study shows significant (p<0.05) differences on the performance characteristics of weaner pigs, while animals on 16% diet gave the best compared to other diets in final weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (25.67kg, 2.06 and 2.52) respectively. There were significant differences (P>0.05) on the carcass evaluation of the pigs. There were no significant different (P>0.05) found among haemoglobin content, pack cell volume and red blood cells. It was concluded that FCTPM premix could completely replace maize without adversely affecting the overall growth performance of the pigs. Implications and recommendations were made from the findings of the study.

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L)

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

The fluorescence characteristics of seed powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of ... more The fluorescence characteristics of seed powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of long and short wavelengths and ordinary visible light. When the small-grained drug and extracts were treated with totally different reagents and determined below ultraviolet illumination UV actinic radiation normal light, they emitted various color radiations. The colour modification for the seed powder and individual extract were distinctive and consistent revealing the solvent properties to the phytoconstituents and knowledge is gift. Phytochemical presence of absence in compounds in Plants Silybum marianum is the rich source of all the elements essential for humans. The moister content was calculated through the loss of the drying method and values were recorded. Vitamin E, vitamin C, along with beta carotene is antioxidants.

The effects of graded levels of bovine rumen contents (digesta) supplemented with unripe plantain peels on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

This study investigated the effects of graded levels of bovine rumen contents (digesta) supplemen... more This study investigated the effects of graded levels of bovine rumen contents (digesta) supplemented with unripe plantain peels on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. Digesta and unripe plantain peel meal were mixed in the ration of 3:1 and allowed to ferment in an air tight environment for six days and after that was sundried. The pigs were divided into 5 groups based on average initial weights (20-25kg) and each group of grower pigs were respectively allocated to each of the five treatment diets using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group contained 2 replicates of 4 pigs (2male and 2 female). These pigs were fed twice daily and water supplied adlibitium. The treatment diets consisted of the following of DUPPM at 0% (controlled), 20%, 40%, 60% & and 80% (controlled) replacement of maize in the control diet were formulated. During the feeding trial, weekly feed consumption, weight changes, and nutrient digestibility were recorded for all the levels, while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were estimated to assess performance of the weaner pigs. The results from the study shows significant (p<0.05) differences on the performance characteristics of grower pigs, while animals on 80%% diet gave the best compared to other diets in final weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (25.67kg, 2.06 and 2.52) respectively. There were significant differences (P>0.05) on the nutrient digestibility of the pigs. It was concluded that DUPPM could completely replace maize without adversely affecting the overall growth performance of the pigs. Implications and recommendations were made from the findings of the study.

The First Record of the Genus Tropidia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) From Nepal

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

Orchidaceae, the largest family of the angiosperms, comprises various attractive flowers, not onl... more Orchidaceae, the largest family of the angiosperms, comprises various attractive flowers, not only important for their beauty but also for their use in medicine and trade. The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. This tribe Tropidieae is one of the earliest diverging clades in sub-family Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae). Corymborkis comprises eight species and has a pan tropical distribution. Kalimantanorchis is the most recently established genus in the tribe and consists of single species distributed in Indonesia. The genus Tropidia is composed of ca. 30 species distributed in southern Asia, South Pacific islands and northern Australia, and a single species occurring in America, from United States to Ecuador. Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants in Nepal, comprising of more than 450 species that span 107 genera (around 7% of total angiosperms in Nepal). They are distributed between 60 m to 5200 m. Since orchids are facing an extinction risk from various anthropogenic factors at the regional and global level. The paper aims to document the species of new record of Orchid in and around the Kaligandaki valley. T. curculigoides has not been reported before. Thus the first record of the genus Tropidia for Nepal is elaborated here. It consists of Tropidia curculigoides, a species found in the subtropical region, Central Nepal. Description, photos, key and distribution site of the species are provided.

The impacts of seasonal variation of Aflatoxins load on some pigs feeds in the tropics of Niger delta

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

The research was conducted to study the impacts of seasons on aflatoxins loads of some pig's feed... more The research was conducted to study the impacts of seasons on aflatoxins loads of some pig's feedstuffs in the humid tropics was investigated, the feedstuffs sampled were cassava peels, cocoyam peels and palm kernel cake. The study lasted for thirty-two weeks. These feedstuffs were collected in two piggery farms in each of the four LGAs that make up Uyo zone of Akwa Ibom state, in both dry and rainy seasons. The collected feedstuff samples were analyzed in the laboratory for aflatoxins concentration levels using AOAC method of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with some modifications. Data were collected from the aflatoxins laboratory analysis of these feedstuffs. The results of this study indicated the presence of aflatoxins in all the sampled feedstuffs, however the lowest concentration of aflatoxins which is 0.011ppb is obtained in cocoyam peels and cassava peels while the highest concentration of aflatoxins obtained is 0.055 ppb in palm kernel cake, these values are within the tolerance limit in Nigeria for total aflatoxins, which is 20 ppb. The obtained aflatoxins levels are within range and poses less risk to pigs and pork consumers. The results also shows that there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) on the aflatoxins concentration levels of the feedstuffs at their sources, across the piggery farm locations, in the season and source of feeds interactions, as well as season and feedstuffs interactions. However the main effect of season on aflatoxins level which is 0.022 ppb and 0.044 ppb in the dry and rainy season respectively were highly significant (P < 0.01).Also the main effect of aflatoxins of the feedstuffs were highly significant (P < 0.01). There were higher values in the aflatoxins levels in all the feedstuffs sampled in the rainy season than in the dry season. It was therefore concluded that season has an impacts on the aflatoxins level of pig's feedstuffs with rainy season favouring toxigenic mould metabolism and growth in the feedstuffs which produces aflatoxins as their metabolites than in the dry season in this study, hence adequate preservative measures, proper feed handling and storage should be adopted. It is therefore recommended that piggery farmers should adopt adequate preventive measures and also apply the various preservative storage methods in order to reduce the aflatoxins levels in feedstuffs especially in the rainy season for better performance of the pigs and safety of pork consumers.

Medicinal properties of phyto-constituents from Rubiaceae family of Assam: Critical Review

Visnav, Nov 7, 2020

Assam is the gateway to Northeast India and is well-known for its rich biodiversity and wildlife ... more Assam is the gateway to Northeast India and is well-known for its rich biodiversity and wildlife resources. The land of Assam is very fertile and is blessed with different plant species with high medicinal properties. The tribal and ethnic people living here have a vast knowledge of different medicinal plants and have been using these plants as herbal medicines for different diseases and ailments for ages. Rubiaceae, one of the medicinally and economically important plant families are widely distributed over different locations of Assam. Most of them have great medicinal value because of the different phytochemicals present in it. The present review deliberates some commonly found medicinal plant species of the Rubiaceae family, including Adina cordifolia,

Disinfectant Efficacy Testing of Imago & Getter Disinfectant on non-porous surfaces using Surface Challenge Test

Disinfectants are used to maintain the bioburden of any facility under limits and making them fre... more Disinfectants are used to maintain the bioburden of any facility under limits and making them free from any external or internal pathogenic intervention.The cleanroom area of any pharmaceutical facility comprises of different surface, these surfaces are easier to disinfect and so the cleaning and disinfection programs complement each other. The Disinfection efficacy and validation studies are carried in consistent with the United State Pharmacopeia <1072> Disinfectants and Antiseptics protocol. This study was aimed to generate data to provide a high degree of assurance that the disinfection program will consistently yield results that meet pre-determined specification by using different types of Imagard brand disinfectant. The recommended concentration of all the disinfectant at precise time i.e., 10 minutes showed excellent log reduction against the standard test organisms. The results proved that Disinfectant Imagard HD, Imagard IG PRO 401, Imagard IL 15, Imagard AS 10, Imag...

Anti-inflammatory effect of Actinia tenebrosa

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology