Resumen El conocimiento de las variaciones temporales de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET ... more Resumen El conocimiento de las variaciones temporales de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET 0) resulta decisivo para un mejor manejo de los recursos hídricos en la agricultura, desde la base de que los valores de ET 0 se incrementarán debido al calentamiento global. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de la variación temporal de ET 0 en 8 estaciones meteorológicas del sur de España entre los años 1960 y 2005, utilizando para ello el valor calculado mediante la ecuación de Penman-Monteith FAO-56. En todas las estaciones estudiadas se observó un aumento de las temperaturas medias. Como consecuencia de ello siete de las ocho estaciones presentaron aumentos significativos de la ET 0, lo que supone un aumento de la demanda de riego. Sin embargo, para tener una información más precisa sobre el efecto del calentamiento sobre el regadío, sería necesario estudiar cuál ha sido la evolución de la ET 0 en cada estación del año. Abstract: The knowledge of trends in reference evapotransp...
En esta comunicación se presentan los trabajos que está llevando a cabo el grupo de riegos del IF... more En esta comunicación se presentan los trabajos que está llevando a cabo el grupo de riegos del IFAPA en Córdoba en la estimación y análisis de las necesidades hídricas de los cultivos integrando imágenes de satélite e información agroclimática. En estos trabajos se aplican varios modelos de estimación de la evapotranspiración en distintas zonas regables, abordándose a distintas escalas de trabajo, desde la información puntual proporcionada por las estaciones meteorológicas y las medidas de detalle en parcelas experimentales, hasta el seguimiento de extensas áreas. Se presenta un avance de los resultados y se discuten las características y posibilidades de cada modelo.
Irrigation is supplied primary by sources of fresh water. However, irrigating with water that has... more Irrigation is supplied primary by sources of fresh water. However, irrigating with water that has been previously used for irrigation is very common. This paper presents some basic theoretical concepts for understanding the effects of multiple reuses of irrigation water on the global irrigation consumptive use coefficient (ICUC), water pollution and crop yield. Reusing agricultural water implies an increase of the ICUC but entails the degradation of water quality. Understanding the effects of the complex hydraulic connections in water reuse on the global ICUC, on the spatially distributed agricultural production and on the pollution of surface and ground waters is imperative for optimising the exploitation of irrigation return flows. Two case studies are presented. One in Northern California, where the connection between the drainage and irrigation networks allows partial internal reuse of the water. The second applies to an irrigation sector within a larger scheme in Southern Spain.
Períodos de sequía como el actual hacen que el manejo del riego de manera eficiente sea cada día ... more Períodos de sequía como el actual hacen que el manejo del riego de manera eficiente sea cada día más imprescindible para lograr una agricultura sostenible en el tiempo. En los últimos años algunas herramientas, como la teledetección, han supuesto un avance muy importante para el estudio y mejora de la gestión del riego en grandes zonas regables. La utilización de datos climáticos correctos constituye la base fundamental en el proceso de estimación de la ET con modelos de balance de energía como METRIC. En este trabajo se realiza un control de calidad de datos climáticos de cinco estaciones meteorológicas pertenecientes a la RIA, según el procedimiento estándar recomendado por ASCE-EWRI (2005), para poder ser utilizados en el modelo METRIC, aplicado en varias zonas regables dentro del Valle del Guadalquivir. La información climática resulta ser correcta y representativa de la zona de estudio.
Extreme events of Tmax can threaten maize production on Andalusia (Ruiz-Ramos et al., 2011). The ... more Extreme events of Tmax can threaten maize production on Andalusia (Ruiz-Ramos et al., 2011). The objective of this work is to attempt a quantification of the effects of Tmax extreme events on the previously identified (Gabaldón et al., 2013) local adaptation strategies to climate change of irrigated maize crop in Andalusia for the first half of the 21st century. This study is focused on five Andalusia locations. Local adaptation strategies identified consisted on combinations of changes on sowing dates and choice of cultivar (Gabaldón et al., 2013). Modified cultivar features were the duration of phenological phases and the grain filling rate. The phenological and yield simulations with the adaptative changes were obtained from a modelling chain: current simulated climate and future climate scenarios (2013-2050) were taken from a group of regional climate models at high resolution (25 km) from the European Project ENSEMBLES (http://www.ensembles-eu.org/). After bias correcting these...
Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for determining irrigation water requirement... more Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for determining irrigation water requirements. The ETo estimations are usually obtained from weather station networks. However, in numerous countries the development of these networks has been very deficient; station maintenance and therefore data quality are often very low. In the present study we analyze instead ETo derived from solar radiation Rs using the new revised Makkink equation. Rs or Down-welling Surface Short-wave Radiation Flux (DSSF) is provided operationally by LandSAF from the geostationary satellite Meteosat Second Generation. The main objective of this study was to validate the incoming solar radiation data provided by LandSAF and the reference crop evapotranspiration, using accurate ETo data provided by a quality controlled weather station network. Thus, it has been developed a procedure of calibration and validation in order to check the capability of the LandSAF products to provide accurate reference ETo value...
The objective of this work is to generate and analyse adaptation strategies to cope with impacts ... more The objective of this work is to generate and analyse adaptation strategies to cope with impacts of climate change on cereal cropping systems in Andalusia (Southern Spain) in a semi-arid environment, with focus on extreme events. In Andalusia, located in the South of the Iberian Peninsula, cereals crops may be affected by the increase in average temperatures, the precipitation variability and the possible extreme events. Those impacts may cause a decrease in both water availability and the pollination rate resulting on a decrease in yield and the farmer's profitability. Designing local and regional adaptation strategies to reduce these negative impacts is necessary. This study is focused on irrigated maize on five Andalusia locations. The Andalusia Network of Agricultural Trials (RAEA in Spanish) provided the experimental crop and soil data, and the observed climate data were obtained from the Agroclimatic Information Network of Andalusia and the Spanish National Meteorological ...
ABSTRACT Climate projections indicate that, in the future, rising temperatures will impact on the... more ABSTRACT Climate projections indicate that, in the future, rising temperatures will impact on the summer crops in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this study is to obtain climate change projections of the impacts induced by these changes on irrigated agriculture and to evaluate some adaptation strategies, with explicit consideration of maximum extreme temperature changes. The aim of this study is to obtain climate change projections of the impacts induced by these changes in mean temperatures, and frequency of extreme events on irrigated agriculture and to evaluate some adaptation strategies. For this purpose, maize was chosen as a reference crop, and the study was conducted at several locations in Andalusia using CERES-Maize crop model, previously calibrated/validated with local experimental datasets. Simulated climate, consisting on projections from Regional Climate Models from the ENSEMBLES project, were corrected for daily temperature and precipitation with regard to E-OBS observational dataset. These bias-corrected projections were considered for CERES-Maize model to generate future impacts. Crop model results showed a decrease in maize yield by the end of the 21st century from 6 to 20% depending on the location, a decrease up to 25% in the irrigation water requirements and an increase in the irrigation water productivity (IWP) from 1 to 22%, due to the earlier maturity dates and the stomatal closure by the effect of the CO2 increase. When adaptation strategies combining earlier sowing dates and cultivar changes were considered, impacts are compensated and even maize yield was increased up to 14% compared with the baseline period (1981-2010), with similar reductions in crop irrigation water requirements (around 16 to 25%). Specific impacts of extreme maximum temperatures were determined using the production damage index, arising up to 40% at the end of the 21st century compared with the baseline period. The adaptations were also evaluated in terms of this index, resulting in an overall reduction in extreme Tmax damages in all locations when compared to the baseline with an exception of Granada where the losses were limited to 8% for the 21st Century.
Resumen El conocimiento de las variaciones temporales de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET ... more Resumen El conocimiento de las variaciones temporales de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET 0) resulta decisivo para un mejor manejo de los recursos hídricos en la agricultura, desde la base de que los valores de ET 0 se incrementarán debido al calentamiento global. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de la variación temporal de ET 0 en 8 estaciones meteorológicas del sur de España entre los años 1960 y 2005, utilizando para ello el valor calculado mediante la ecuación de Penman-Monteith FAO-56. En todas las estaciones estudiadas se observó un aumento de las temperaturas medias. Como consecuencia de ello siete de las ocho estaciones presentaron aumentos significativos de la ET 0, lo que supone un aumento de la demanda de riego. Sin embargo, para tener una información más precisa sobre el efecto del calentamiento sobre el regadío, sería necesario estudiar cuál ha sido la evolución de la ET 0 en cada estación del año. Abstract: The knowledge of trends in reference evapotransp...
En esta comunicación se presentan los trabajos que está llevando a cabo el grupo de riegos del IF... more En esta comunicación se presentan los trabajos que está llevando a cabo el grupo de riegos del IFAPA en Córdoba en la estimación y análisis de las necesidades hídricas de los cultivos integrando imágenes de satélite e información agroclimática. En estos trabajos se aplican varios modelos de estimación de la evapotranspiración en distintas zonas regables, abordándose a distintas escalas de trabajo, desde la información puntual proporcionada por las estaciones meteorológicas y las medidas de detalle en parcelas experimentales, hasta el seguimiento de extensas áreas. Se presenta un avance de los resultados y se discuten las características y posibilidades de cada modelo.
Irrigation is supplied primary by sources of fresh water. However, irrigating with water that has... more Irrigation is supplied primary by sources of fresh water. However, irrigating with water that has been previously used for irrigation is very common. This paper presents some basic theoretical concepts for understanding the effects of multiple reuses of irrigation water on the global irrigation consumptive use coefficient (ICUC), water pollution and crop yield. Reusing agricultural water implies an increase of the ICUC but entails the degradation of water quality. Understanding the effects of the complex hydraulic connections in water reuse on the global ICUC, on the spatially distributed agricultural production and on the pollution of surface and ground waters is imperative for optimising the exploitation of irrigation return flows. Two case studies are presented. One in Northern California, where the connection between the drainage and irrigation networks allows partial internal reuse of the water. The second applies to an irrigation sector within a larger scheme in Southern Spain.
Períodos de sequía como el actual hacen que el manejo del riego de manera eficiente sea cada día ... more Períodos de sequía como el actual hacen que el manejo del riego de manera eficiente sea cada día más imprescindible para lograr una agricultura sostenible en el tiempo. En los últimos años algunas herramientas, como la teledetección, han supuesto un avance muy importante para el estudio y mejora de la gestión del riego en grandes zonas regables. La utilización de datos climáticos correctos constituye la base fundamental en el proceso de estimación de la ET con modelos de balance de energía como METRIC. En este trabajo se realiza un control de calidad de datos climáticos de cinco estaciones meteorológicas pertenecientes a la RIA, según el procedimiento estándar recomendado por ASCE-EWRI (2005), para poder ser utilizados en el modelo METRIC, aplicado en varias zonas regables dentro del Valle del Guadalquivir. La información climática resulta ser correcta y representativa de la zona de estudio.
Extreme events of Tmax can threaten maize production on Andalusia (Ruiz-Ramos et al., 2011). The ... more Extreme events of Tmax can threaten maize production on Andalusia (Ruiz-Ramos et al., 2011). The objective of this work is to attempt a quantification of the effects of Tmax extreme events on the previously identified (Gabaldón et al., 2013) local adaptation strategies to climate change of irrigated maize crop in Andalusia for the first half of the 21st century. This study is focused on five Andalusia locations. Local adaptation strategies identified consisted on combinations of changes on sowing dates and choice of cultivar (Gabaldón et al., 2013). Modified cultivar features were the duration of phenological phases and the grain filling rate. The phenological and yield simulations with the adaptative changes were obtained from a modelling chain: current simulated climate and future climate scenarios (2013-2050) were taken from a group of regional climate models at high resolution (25 km) from the European Project ENSEMBLES (http://www.ensembles-eu.org/). After bias correcting these...
Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for determining irrigation water requirement... more Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for determining irrigation water requirements. The ETo estimations are usually obtained from weather station networks. However, in numerous countries the development of these networks has been very deficient; station maintenance and therefore data quality are often very low. In the present study we analyze instead ETo derived from solar radiation Rs using the new revised Makkink equation. Rs or Down-welling Surface Short-wave Radiation Flux (DSSF) is provided operationally by LandSAF from the geostationary satellite Meteosat Second Generation. The main objective of this study was to validate the incoming solar radiation data provided by LandSAF and the reference crop evapotranspiration, using accurate ETo data provided by a quality controlled weather station network. Thus, it has been developed a procedure of calibration and validation in order to check the capability of the LandSAF products to provide accurate reference ETo value...
The objective of this work is to generate and analyse adaptation strategies to cope with impacts ... more The objective of this work is to generate and analyse adaptation strategies to cope with impacts of climate change on cereal cropping systems in Andalusia (Southern Spain) in a semi-arid environment, with focus on extreme events. In Andalusia, located in the South of the Iberian Peninsula, cereals crops may be affected by the increase in average temperatures, the precipitation variability and the possible extreme events. Those impacts may cause a decrease in both water availability and the pollination rate resulting on a decrease in yield and the farmer's profitability. Designing local and regional adaptation strategies to reduce these negative impacts is necessary. This study is focused on irrigated maize on five Andalusia locations. The Andalusia Network of Agricultural Trials (RAEA in Spanish) provided the experimental crop and soil data, and the observed climate data were obtained from the Agroclimatic Information Network of Andalusia and the Spanish National Meteorological ...
ABSTRACT Climate projections indicate that, in the future, rising temperatures will impact on the... more ABSTRACT Climate projections indicate that, in the future, rising temperatures will impact on the summer crops in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this study is to obtain climate change projections of the impacts induced by these changes on irrigated agriculture and to evaluate some adaptation strategies, with explicit consideration of maximum extreme temperature changes. The aim of this study is to obtain climate change projections of the impacts induced by these changes in mean temperatures, and frequency of extreme events on irrigated agriculture and to evaluate some adaptation strategies. For this purpose, maize was chosen as a reference crop, and the study was conducted at several locations in Andalusia using CERES-Maize crop model, previously calibrated/validated with local experimental datasets. Simulated climate, consisting on projections from Regional Climate Models from the ENSEMBLES project, were corrected for daily temperature and precipitation with regard to E-OBS observational dataset. These bias-corrected projections were considered for CERES-Maize model to generate future impacts. Crop model results showed a decrease in maize yield by the end of the 21st century from 6 to 20% depending on the location, a decrease up to 25% in the irrigation water requirements and an increase in the irrigation water productivity (IWP) from 1 to 22%, due to the earlier maturity dates and the stomatal closure by the effect of the CO2 increase. When adaptation strategies combining earlier sowing dates and cultivar changes were considered, impacts are compensated and even maize yield was increased up to 14% compared with the baseline period (1981-2010), with similar reductions in crop irrigation water requirements (around 16 to 25%). Specific impacts of extreme maximum temperatures were determined using the production damage index, arising up to 40% at the end of the 21st century compared with the baseline period. The adaptations were also evaluated in terms of this index, resulting in an overall reduction in extreme Tmax damages in all locations when compared to the baseline with an exception of Granada where the losses were limited to 8% for the 21st Century.
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Papers by Ignacio Lorite