Le colonialisme au Canada constitue un rapport social qui s’accomplit essentiellement au détrimen... more Le colonialisme au Canada constitue un rapport social qui s’accomplit essentiellement au détriment des peuples autochtones. Avec le temps et selon les contextes économiques, technologiques et politiques, les pratiques du colonialisme diffèrent et s’adaptent, mais le rapport de pouvoir qui le sous-tend reste essentiellement un rapport d’exploitation. Cette réalité module le palimpseste canadien et fonde l’ordre actuel des choses. Elle est toutefois régulièrement niée, obscurcie ou légitimée par le recours constant à une panoplie de techniques et de dispositifs intellectuels, mythologiques, politiques, juridiques, culturels et idéologiques, de telle sorte que la majorité des Canadiens l’ignorent. Ils n’ont, en fait, à peu près aucune idée de la situation politico-économique contemporaine des peuples autochtones et ne sont pas en mesure de constater combien ils profitent de privilèges iniques acquis au détriment de ces derniers. Le présent texte tente de faire la lumière sur ce type de...
There were a total of 5909 childhood cancer cases; 2959 aged 0-14 years (1659 males, 1300 females... more There were a total of 5909 childhood cancer cases; 2959 aged 0-14 years (1659 males, 1300 females) and 2950 aged 15-24 years (1590 males, 1358 females). For 0-14-year-old boys, there was statistically significant sinusoidal variation in month of birth for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (p = 0.04; peak in September) and astrocytoma (p = 0.03; peak in October). Based on month of diagnosis, there was statistically significant sinusoidal variation in girls for all lymphomas (p = 0.05; peak in March) and Hodgkin lymphoma (p = 0.005; peak in January), and in boys for osteosarcoma (p = 0.05; peak in October). For 15-24-year-olds, there was significant heterogeneity for germ cell tumours (p = 0.04), cervical (p = 0.03) and female breast carcinoma (p = 0.05), based on month of birth, and PNETs (p = 0.05) and skin carcinoma (p = 0.05), based on month of diagnosis. Significant sinusoidal variation in month of birth for malignant melanoma in females (p = 0.03; peak in March) and cervical carcinoma (p = 0.03; peak in October) was observed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that seasonal environmental factors around the time of birth or time of diagnosis may be involved in the aetiology of specific diagnostic groups. Further research is needed to study possible aetiological mechanisms and factors. Putative agents include sunlight, pesticides, diet and infections.
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2005
Authors evaluated the cognitive, neurophysiologic, and behavioral effects of incontinence medicat... more Authors evaluated the cognitive, neurophysiologic, and behavioral effects of incontinence medications in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Nine patients were evaluated, both on and off incontinence medication, for cognitive status, neuropsychiatric status, activities of daily living, and serum anticholinergic level. Caregivers were interviewed to evaluate behavioral status and caregiver burden. Patients showed better performance on specific measures of cognition and behavior when not taking medication for incontinence. A significant, inverse correlation was found between mental status and anticholinergic level. Although the sample size was small, the findings suggest that, in patients with AD, incontinence medications with anticholinergic properties may have detrimental effects on mental status and behavior.
ABSTRACT Operation of spark-ignition (SI) engines with high levels of charge dilution through exh... more ABSTRACT Operation of spark-ignition (SI) engines with high levels of charge dilution through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) achieves significant engine efficiency gains while maintaining stoichiometric operation for compatibility with three-way catalysts. Dilution levels, however, are limited by cyclic variability - including significant numbers of misfires - that becomes more pronounced with increasing dilution. This variability has been shown to have both stochastic and deterministic components. Stochastic effects include turbulence, mixing variations, and the like, while the deterministic effect is primarily due to the nonlinear dependence of flame propagation rates and ignition characteristics on the charge composition, which is influenced by the composition of residual gases from prior cycles. The presence of determinism implies that an increased understanding of the dynamics of such systems could lead to effective control approaches that allow operation near the edge of stability, effectively extending the dilution limit. This nonlinear dependence has been characterized previously for homogeneous charge, port-fuel-injected (PFI) SI engines operating fuel-lean as well as with inert diluents such as bottled N₂ gas. In this paper, cyclic dispersion in a modern boosted gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine using a cooled external EGR loop is examined, and the potential for improvement with effective control is evaluated through the use of symbol sequence statistics and other techniques from chaos theory. Observations related to the potential implications of these results for control approaches that could effectively enable engine operation at the edge of combustion stability are noted.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 2003
Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis has been described in over a dozen families since 1924. Featu... more Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis has been described in over a dozen families since 1924. Features include scant or no eyebrows at birth, the development of ¢rm wiry hair in the ¢rst few years of life followed by a progressive patterned scalp alopecia in the second or third decade. This is associated with generalized hypotrichosis of the body and the condition is nonsyndromic. We have identi¢ed a novel form of autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia that resembles Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis in a family of 23 members over four generations. A¡ected individuals have patterned hair loss and associated hair shaft dystrophy similar to that seen in Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis. It di¡ers from Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis by an absence of signs of a¡ectation at birth, relative sparing of body hair, distal onycholysis, and intermittent cosegregation with autosomal dominant cleft lip and palate. Linkage studies to the known Marie Unna locus at 8p21 near the Hairless gene were performed. Linkage analysis using markers D8S298, D8S560, D8S258, and D8S282 revealed signi¢cant exclusion of this locus (Z ¼^2.0 or lower) at y ¼ 0.1. This demonstrates that this novel ectodermal dysplasia is both phenotypically and genetically distinct from Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis.
ABSTRACT Lake Kyoga is a complex, shallow lake, which breaks into satellite lakes in the east. Th... more ABSTRACT Lake Kyoga is a complex, shallow lake, which breaks into satellite lakes in the east. The eastern end receives inflows from Mount Elgon and the northern province of Karamoja. The main inflow to the western part of the lake comes from Lake Victoria. The outflow falls over 400 m before joining the outflow from Lake Albert. The vegetation is complex, with a fringe of papyrus, which also occurs as floating islands, and extensive areas of water lilies (Nymphaea). Since 1988 The Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia) has invaded the lake and influenced the distribution of some of the submerged plants. The water chemistry and phytoplankton vary along a gradient from east to west, with high conductivity and domination by Cyanobacteria in the east, and lower conductivity and domination by Melosira in the west. The zooplankton is dominated by cyclopoid copepods, although two species of diaptomids are also present. Cladocera occur in much smaller numbers, with Moina micrura the most frequent. Snail hosts of Schistosoma are present in the lake, and transmit disease to man and cattle. The precise number of fish species in Lake Kyoga is not known, but some of the satellite lakes have at least 60 species of haplochromines, as well as members of other families. The satellites are important because some have not yet been invaded by the Nile Perch, so that they can serve as conservation areas for endemic species.
diverse towns in four Australian states (total population 72 000 16e29-year-olds). To date, 27 to... more diverse towns in four Australian states (total population 72 000 16e29-year-olds). To date, 27 towns have been randomised (13 intervention, 14 control). Intervention and control towns are similar: baseline chlamydia prevalence (5.8%, 95% CI 4.4 to 7.5% vs 5%, 95% CI 3.9 to 6.3%, individual response rate 63%); past chlamydia testing rate in 16e29-year-olds (6.1%, 95% CI 5.8 to 6.4% vs 5.8%, 5.6 to 6%). After 3 months of the intervention in the first two towns the chlamydia testing rate was 10.9% (95% CI 10.1% to 11.7%; 691 people tested), a 160% increase compared with the testing rate (4.1%) in the year before the intervention. Conclusions Our high recruitment rate shows that Australian GPs are willing to test for chlamydia. The baseline data show a high prevalence of chlamydia among young adults in the study towns. While testing rates are increasing, ongoing work is needed to get coverage up to levels that might reduce prevalence in intervention towns.
T he most durable and robust problem facing education research since mid-20th century is the pers... more T he most durable and robust problem facing education research since mid-20th century is the persistence of educational inequality. Under new economic, technological, and cultural conditions, increasingly diverse populations and communities are facing persistent and emergent patterns of educational inclusion and exclusion. How we name and describe, document and understand educational equality and inequality, inclusion and exclusion, centrality and marginality, then, is the issue facing educational systems in economically hard times. In this volume, we bring together reviews on different approaches to the formation and use of evidence in educational policy and reform. We asked the authors to examine different approaches to evidence and to focus on how each reflects particular ways of defining, explaining and framing inequality and equality in educational policy and practice. They also provide critical analyses of evidence-based policies to date, discussing policy assumptions about and impacts on educational equity. This volume is a companion to the last four volumes of Review of Research in Education. In our two previous edited volumes, we focused on "what counts as learning" (Vol. 30), and "what counts as knowledge" (Vol. 32). There we and our editorial boards and authors attempted to broaden and expand debates over policy and practice that were becoming narrowly circumscribed in the transnational push for accountability-driven, evidence-based policy. Our goal in these volumes was to bring state-of-the-art research and theoretical perspectives across traditions and disciplines 1
We analyzed the timing of meals in nine subjects who lived for several weeks in a time isolation ... more We analyzed the timing of meals in nine subjects who lived for several weeks in a time isolation environment and whose free-running sleep-wake cycles lengthened markedly and lost synchrony with the body temperature rhythm for part of the study. The long sleep-wake periods (SWP) in free-running desynchrony (mean = 34 +/- 3 hours) as compared to free-running synchrony (25 +/- 1 hours) enabled us to compare meal timing in two distinct temporal frameworks and to relate them to the two major oscillators presumed to underlie circadian rhythms in man. We found that when the SWP lengthened in desynchrony, the intermeal interval (IMI) increased significantly. In half the subjects, the increase in IMI was approximately proportional to the increase in the SWP--the IMI "stretched" along with the SWP. Analysis of prelunch and postlunch IMIs indicated that the lengthening of the IMI during desynchrony was comparable in early and later parts of the subjective day. The increase in meal spacing was not due to increased caloric content of meals. The findings support an interpretation of dual regulation of meal timing. Proportional increases in IMI and SWP suggest that the mechanism governing the timing of the sleep-wake cycle also governs meal timing. The less than proportional increase in some cases suggests that an additional, probably metabolic, mechanism tends to limit the intervals between meals.
... f) DL Kreinick, Y. Kubota, NB Mistry, F. Morrow, E. Nordberg, M. Ogg, R. Perchonok, R. Plunke... more ... f) DL Kreinick, Y. Kubota, NB Mistry, F. Morrow, E. Nordberg, M. Ogg, R. Perchonok, R. Plunkett,(9) A. Silverman, PC Stein, S. Stone ... of the decay of this resonance into muon pairs.'.2 three lepton generations by studying the leptonic The data were taken with the CLEO detector ...
DNA damage, such as that elicited by UV-B, can induce either a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis tha... more DNA damage, such as that elicited by UV-B, can induce either a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis that can be signalled by the p53 protein through the activation of a number of downstream cellular target genes. In contrast to oncogenic anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which mediate proteolytic degradation of p53, the E6 protein of cutaneous HPVs, such as HPV 77, do not promote p53 degradation. We have previously shown, however, that expression of HPV 77 E6 can effectively block UV-induced apoptosis in cells that have UV-activated p53. Here, we report that expression of the E6 protein from the cutaneous HPV 77 attenuates the UV-induced transactivation of p53-regulated proapoptotic genes Fas, PUMAb, Apaf-1, PIG3. This inhibition of p53-activation of proapoptotic genes by HPV77 E6 is exerted selectively, as the increased expression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle arrest or regulatory functions regulation, such as p21 and Hdm2, is unaffected. Our data suggest that HPV 77 E6 may play an important role in specifically deregulating p53-dependent transactivation of proapoptotic genes upon UV-B irradiation.
Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 2013
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
A Familial Ovarian Cancer Register has been established which has recruited primarily through med... more A Familial Ovarian Cancer Register has been established which has recruited primarily through media publicity. In depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 women who had volunteered in order to explore (1) knowledge about the disease, (2) motivations for contacting the Register, and (3) expectations. We found that interviewees were generally well informed about the symptoms of the disease as a result of their relatives' experiences. There was, nevertheless, a need for information which the Register was seen as potentially fulfilling, although most subjects gave altruistic reasons for volunteering. Only one interviewee said that the publicity about the Register had made her more anxious. Most said that their anxieties had not been affected either way by the Register. Subjects did not have a clear idea of what being on the Register would mean, although there was an expectation of screening for early signs of the disease. Many interviewees had models of familial disease which did not follow mendelian genetics. This has implications for the targetting of education and screening programmes. Other psychosocial issues raised by a register of this kind are discussed, many of which require continuing monitoring to ensure that the psychological costs do not outweigh the benefits.
Background. Previous studies have shown that levels of CXCL-8 are elevated in patients with chron... more Background. Previous studies have shown that levels of CXCL-8 are elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and are highest in nonresponders to interferon (IFN) therapy and that CXCL-8 inhibits IFN antiviral action. CXCL-8 expression involves AU-rich elements (AREs) in 3 untranslated regions that regulate mRNA stability. CXCL-8 mRNA stability was, therefore, investigated in the context of HCV replication in 4 replicon cell lines, Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells, and primary human fetal hepatocytes. Methods. The half-life of CXCL-8 mRNA was measured by use of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction following tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a induction in the presence and absence of inhibitors of transcription and translation. Cellular mRNAs containing AREs were assessed by custom microarray analyses. Results. The half-life of CXCL-8 mRNA increased in 3 of 4 HCV replicon cell lines, particularly after treatment with TNF-a, a potent inducer of CXCL-8. CXCL-8 mRNA was superinduced by TNF-a in the presence of the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Analysis of 11500 ARE-containing cellular mRNAs, by use of microarrays, revealed that CXCL-8 and other newly identified ARE genes were induced by TNF-a in Huh7 cells and were coordinately regulated. Conclusion. The data suggest that increased CXCL-8 gene expression in the context of HCV replication involves posttranscriptional events. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 3% of the world's population (or 170 million persons) and causes an estimated 476,000 deaths per year due to complications of end-stage liver disease [1]. In the United States, ∼1.8% of the general population (or 4 million persons) is infected, and, of those acutely infected with HCV, up to 85% develop chronic infection [2]. Approximately 70% of patients with chronic viremia develop histological evidence of chronic liver disease [3].
Background: To address the recognized low rates of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom (UK), a ch... more Background: To address the recognized low rates of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom (UK), a change in fundamental attitudes toward infant feeding might be required. This paper reports an exploration of women’s attitudes toward breastfeeding at different time points in the perinatal period, undertaken as part of a larger breastfeeding evaluation study. Objectives: To measure women’s infant feeding attitudes at 3 stages during the perinatal period to see whether, on average, they differed over time. Methods: Using the 17-item Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS), this cross-sectional study measured the infant feeding attitudes of 866 UK women at 3 perinatal stages (20 and 35 weeks antenatally and 6 weeks postpartum). Results: Mean IIFAS scores were very similar, which shows that discrete groups of women at different time points in pregnancy and postpartum appear to have the same attitudes toward infant feeding. The predominance of scores lay in the mid-range at each of the t...
To describe the management strategies used to deal with twisted aortic endografts. Two patients w... more To describe the management strategies used to deal with twisted aortic endografts. Two patients with successfully excluded aortic aneurysms developed symptoms referable to previously undetected twists in their endografts (one EndoVascular Technologies [EVT] and one customized aortomonoiliac device). The limb graft occlusion in the EVT graft was treated surgically with a femorofemoral bypass, but the aortomonoiliac endograft was salvaged with percutaneous implantation of a Wallstent. During another aortomonoiliac procedure, suboptimal flow through the endograft was traced to contortion of the endograft as it passed over an angulated proximal aneurysm neck. An X-large Palmaz stent was deployed to support the graft at this point. Unsupported aortic endografts may develop twists and kinks during deployment that can lead to low outflow and graft occlusion. Endovascular techniques are available to repair these defects postoperatively, although more precise intraoperative assessment tools may identify these problems so that they can be corrected at the initial intervention.
Le colonialisme au Canada constitue un rapport social qui s’accomplit essentiellement au détrimen... more Le colonialisme au Canada constitue un rapport social qui s’accomplit essentiellement au détriment des peuples autochtones. Avec le temps et selon les contextes économiques, technologiques et politiques, les pratiques du colonialisme diffèrent et s’adaptent, mais le rapport de pouvoir qui le sous-tend reste essentiellement un rapport d’exploitation. Cette réalité module le palimpseste canadien et fonde l’ordre actuel des choses. Elle est toutefois régulièrement niée, obscurcie ou légitimée par le recours constant à une panoplie de techniques et de dispositifs intellectuels, mythologiques, politiques, juridiques, culturels et idéologiques, de telle sorte que la majorité des Canadiens l’ignorent. Ils n’ont, en fait, à peu près aucune idée de la situation politico-économique contemporaine des peuples autochtones et ne sont pas en mesure de constater combien ils profitent de privilèges iniques acquis au détriment de ces derniers. Le présent texte tente de faire la lumière sur ce type de...
There were a total of 5909 childhood cancer cases; 2959 aged 0-14 years (1659 males, 1300 females... more There were a total of 5909 childhood cancer cases; 2959 aged 0-14 years (1659 males, 1300 females) and 2950 aged 15-24 years (1590 males, 1358 females). For 0-14-year-old boys, there was statistically significant sinusoidal variation in month of birth for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (p = 0.04; peak in September) and astrocytoma (p = 0.03; peak in October). Based on month of diagnosis, there was statistically significant sinusoidal variation in girls for all lymphomas (p = 0.05; peak in March) and Hodgkin lymphoma (p = 0.005; peak in January), and in boys for osteosarcoma (p = 0.05; peak in October). For 15-24-year-olds, there was significant heterogeneity for germ cell tumours (p = 0.04), cervical (p = 0.03) and female breast carcinoma (p = 0.05), based on month of birth, and PNETs (p = 0.05) and skin carcinoma (p = 0.05), based on month of diagnosis. Significant sinusoidal variation in month of birth for malignant melanoma in females (p = 0.03; peak in March) and cervical carcinoma (p = 0.03; peak in October) was observed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that seasonal environmental factors around the time of birth or time of diagnosis may be involved in the aetiology of specific diagnostic groups. Further research is needed to study possible aetiological mechanisms and factors. Putative agents include sunlight, pesticides, diet and infections.
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2005
Authors evaluated the cognitive, neurophysiologic, and behavioral effects of incontinence medicat... more Authors evaluated the cognitive, neurophysiologic, and behavioral effects of incontinence medications in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Nine patients were evaluated, both on and off incontinence medication, for cognitive status, neuropsychiatric status, activities of daily living, and serum anticholinergic level. Caregivers were interviewed to evaluate behavioral status and caregiver burden. Patients showed better performance on specific measures of cognition and behavior when not taking medication for incontinence. A significant, inverse correlation was found between mental status and anticholinergic level. Although the sample size was small, the findings suggest that, in patients with AD, incontinence medications with anticholinergic properties may have detrimental effects on mental status and behavior.
ABSTRACT Operation of spark-ignition (SI) engines with high levels of charge dilution through exh... more ABSTRACT Operation of spark-ignition (SI) engines with high levels of charge dilution through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) achieves significant engine efficiency gains while maintaining stoichiometric operation for compatibility with three-way catalysts. Dilution levels, however, are limited by cyclic variability - including significant numbers of misfires - that becomes more pronounced with increasing dilution. This variability has been shown to have both stochastic and deterministic components. Stochastic effects include turbulence, mixing variations, and the like, while the deterministic effect is primarily due to the nonlinear dependence of flame propagation rates and ignition characteristics on the charge composition, which is influenced by the composition of residual gases from prior cycles. The presence of determinism implies that an increased understanding of the dynamics of such systems could lead to effective control approaches that allow operation near the edge of stability, effectively extending the dilution limit. This nonlinear dependence has been characterized previously for homogeneous charge, port-fuel-injected (PFI) SI engines operating fuel-lean as well as with inert diluents such as bottled N₂ gas. In this paper, cyclic dispersion in a modern boosted gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine using a cooled external EGR loop is examined, and the potential for improvement with effective control is evaluated through the use of symbol sequence statistics and other techniques from chaos theory. Observations related to the potential implications of these results for control approaches that could effectively enable engine operation at the edge of combustion stability are noted.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 2003
Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis has been described in over a dozen families since 1924. Featu... more Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis has been described in over a dozen families since 1924. Features include scant or no eyebrows at birth, the development of ¢rm wiry hair in the ¢rst few years of life followed by a progressive patterned scalp alopecia in the second or third decade. This is associated with generalized hypotrichosis of the body and the condition is nonsyndromic. We have identi¢ed a novel form of autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia that resembles Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis in a family of 23 members over four generations. A¡ected individuals have patterned hair loss and associated hair shaft dystrophy similar to that seen in Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis. It di¡ers from Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis by an absence of signs of a¡ectation at birth, relative sparing of body hair, distal onycholysis, and intermittent cosegregation with autosomal dominant cleft lip and palate. Linkage studies to the known Marie Unna locus at 8p21 near the Hairless gene were performed. Linkage analysis using markers D8S298, D8S560, D8S258, and D8S282 revealed signi¢cant exclusion of this locus (Z ¼^2.0 or lower) at y ¼ 0.1. This demonstrates that this novel ectodermal dysplasia is both phenotypically and genetically distinct from Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis.
ABSTRACT Lake Kyoga is a complex, shallow lake, which breaks into satellite lakes in the east. Th... more ABSTRACT Lake Kyoga is a complex, shallow lake, which breaks into satellite lakes in the east. The eastern end receives inflows from Mount Elgon and the northern province of Karamoja. The main inflow to the western part of the lake comes from Lake Victoria. The outflow falls over 400 m before joining the outflow from Lake Albert. The vegetation is complex, with a fringe of papyrus, which also occurs as floating islands, and extensive areas of water lilies (Nymphaea). Since 1988 The Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia) has invaded the lake and influenced the distribution of some of the submerged plants. The water chemistry and phytoplankton vary along a gradient from east to west, with high conductivity and domination by Cyanobacteria in the east, and lower conductivity and domination by Melosira in the west. The zooplankton is dominated by cyclopoid copepods, although two species of diaptomids are also present. Cladocera occur in much smaller numbers, with Moina micrura the most frequent. Snail hosts of Schistosoma are present in the lake, and transmit disease to man and cattle. The precise number of fish species in Lake Kyoga is not known, but some of the satellite lakes have at least 60 species of haplochromines, as well as members of other families. The satellites are important because some have not yet been invaded by the Nile Perch, so that they can serve as conservation areas for endemic species.
diverse towns in four Australian states (total population 72 000 16e29-year-olds). To date, 27 to... more diverse towns in four Australian states (total population 72 000 16e29-year-olds). To date, 27 towns have been randomised (13 intervention, 14 control). Intervention and control towns are similar: baseline chlamydia prevalence (5.8%, 95% CI 4.4 to 7.5% vs 5%, 95% CI 3.9 to 6.3%, individual response rate 63%); past chlamydia testing rate in 16e29-year-olds (6.1%, 95% CI 5.8 to 6.4% vs 5.8%, 5.6 to 6%). After 3 months of the intervention in the first two towns the chlamydia testing rate was 10.9% (95% CI 10.1% to 11.7%; 691 people tested), a 160% increase compared with the testing rate (4.1%) in the year before the intervention. Conclusions Our high recruitment rate shows that Australian GPs are willing to test for chlamydia. The baseline data show a high prevalence of chlamydia among young adults in the study towns. While testing rates are increasing, ongoing work is needed to get coverage up to levels that might reduce prevalence in intervention towns.
T he most durable and robust problem facing education research since mid-20th century is the pers... more T he most durable and robust problem facing education research since mid-20th century is the persistence of educational inequality. Under new economic, technological, and cultural conditions, increasingly diverse populations and communities are facing persistent and emergent patterns of educational inclusion and exclusion. How we name and describe, document and understand educational equality and inequality, inclusion and exclusion, centrality and marginality, then, is the issue facing educational systems in economically hard times. In this volume, we bring together reviews on different approaches to the formation and use of evidence in educational policy and reform. We asked the authors to examine different approaches to evidence and to focus on how each reflects particular ways of defining, explaining and framing inequality and equality in educational policy and practice. They also provide critical analyses of evidence-based policies to date, discussing policy assumptions about and impacts on educational equity. This volume is a companion to the last four volumes of Review of Research in Education. In our two previous edited volumes, we focused on "what counts as learning" (Vol. 30), and "what counts as knowledge" (Vol. 32). There we and our editorial boards and authors attempted to broaden and expand debates over policy and practice that were becoming narrowly circumscribed in the transnational push for accountability-driven, evidence-based policy. Our goal in these volumes was to bring state-of-the-art research and theoretical perspectives across traditions and disciplines 1
We analyzed the timing of meals in nine subjects who lived for several weeks in a time isolation ... more We analyzed the timing of meals in nine subjects who lived for several weeks in a time isolation environment and whose free-running sleep-wake cycles lengthened markedly and lost synchrony with the body temperature rhythm for part of the study. The long sleep-wake periods (SWP) in free-running desynchrony (mean = 34 +/- 3 hours) as compared to free-running synchrony (25 +/- 1 hours) enabled us to compare meal timing in two distinct temporal frameworks and to relate them to the two major oscillators presumed to underlie circadian rhythms in man. We found that when the SWP lengthened in desynchrony, the intermeal interval (IMI) increased significantly. In half the subjects, the increase in IMI was approximately proportional to the increase in the SWP--the IMI "stretched" along with the SWP. Analysis of prelunch and postlunch IMIs indicated that the lengthening of the IMI during desynchrony was comparable in early and later parts of the subjective day. The increase in meal spacing was not due to increased caloric content of meals. The findings support an interpretation of dual regulation of meal timing. Proportional increases in IMI and SWP suggest that the mechanism governing the timing of the sleep-wake cycle also governs meal timing. The less than proportional increase in some cases suggests that an additional, probably metabolic, mechanism tends to limit the intervals between meals.
... f) DL Kreinick, Y. Kubota, NB Mistry, F. Morrow, E. Nordberg, M. Ogg, R. Perchonok, R. Plunke... more ... f) DL Kreinick, Y. Kubota, NB Mistry, F. Morrow, E. Nordberg, M. Ogg, R. Perchonok, R. Plunkett,(9) A. Silverman, PC Stein, S. Stone ... of the decay of this resonance into muon pairs.'.2 three lepton generations by studying the leptonic The data were taken with the CLEO detector ...
DNA damage, such as that elicited by UV-B, can induce either a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis tha... more DNA damage, such as that elicited by UV-B, can induce either a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis that can be signalled by the p53 protein through the activation of a number of downstream cellular target genes. In contrast to oncogenic anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which mediate proteolytic degradation of p53, the E6 protein of cutaneous HPVs, such as HPV 77, do not promote p53 degradation. We have previously shown, however, that expression of HPV 77 E6 can effectively block UV-induced apoptosis in cells that have UV-activated p53. Here, we report that expression of the E6 protein from the cutaneous HPV 77 attenuates the UV-induced transactivation of p53-regulated proapoptotic genes Fas, PUMAb, Apaf-1, PIG3. This inhibition of p53-activation of proapoptotic genes by HPV77 E6 is exerted selectively, as the increased expression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle arrest or regulatory functions regulation, such as p21 and Hdm2, is unaffected. Our data suggest that HPV 77 E6 may play an important role in specifically deregulating p53-dependent transactivation of proapoptotic genes upon UV-B irradiation.
Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 2013
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
A Familial Ovarian Cancer Register has been established which has recruited primarily through med... more A Familial Ovarian Cancer Register has been established which has recruited primarily through media publicity. In depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 women who had volunteered in order to explore (1) knowledge about the disease, (2) motivations for contacting the Register, and (3) expectations. We found that interviewees were generally well informed about the symptoms of the disease as a result of their relatives' experiences. There was, nevertheless, a need for information which the Register was seen as potentially fulfilling, although most subjects gave altruistic reasons for volunteering. Only one interviewee said that the publicity about the Register had made her more anxious. Most said that their anxieties had not been affected either way by the Register. Subjects did not have a clear idea of what being on the Register would mean, although there was an expectation of screening for early signs of the disease. Many interviewees had models of familial disease which did not follow mendelian genetics. This has implications for the targetting of education and screening programmes. Other psychosocial issues raised by a register of this kind are discussed, many of which require continuing monitoring to ensure that the psychological costs do not outweigh the benefits.
Background. Previous studies have shown that levels of CXCL-8 are elevated in patients with chron... more Background. Previous studies have shown that levels of CXCL-8 are elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and are highest in nonresponders to interferon (IFN) therapy and that CXCL-8 inhibits IFN antiviral action. CXCL-8 expression involves AU-rich elements (AREs) in 3 untranslated regions that regulate mRNA stability. CXCL-8 mRNA stability was, therefore, investigated in the context of HCV replication in 4 replicon cell lines, Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells, and primary human fetal hepatocytes. Methods. The half-life of CXCL-8 mRNA was measured by use of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction following tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a induction in the presence and absence of inhibitors of transcription and translation. Cellular mRNAs containing AREs were assessed by custom microarray analyses. Results. The half-life of CXCL-8 mRNA increased in 3 of 4 HCV replicon cell lines, particularly after treatment with TNF-a, a potent inducer of CXCL-8. CXCL-8 mRNA was superinduced by TNF-a in the presence of the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Analysis of 11500 ARE-containing cellular mRNAs, by use of microarrays, revealed that CXCL-8 and other newly identified ARE genes were induced by TNF-a in Huh7 cells and were coordinately regulated. Conclusion. The data suggest that increased CXCL-8 gene expression in the context of HCV replication involves posttranscriptional events. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 3% of the world's population (or 170 million persons) and causes an estimated 476,000 deaths per year due to complications of end-stage liver disease [1]. In the United States, ∼1.8% of the general population (or 4 million persons) is infected, and, of those acutely infected with HCV, up to 85% develop chronic infection [2]. Approximately 70% of patients with chronic viremia develop histological evidence of chronic liver disease [3].
Background: To address the recognized low rates of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom (UK), a ch... more Background: To address the recognized low rates of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom (UK), a change in fundamental attitudes toward infant feeding might be required. This paper reports an exploration of women’s attitudes toward breastfeeding at different time points in the perinatal period, undertaken as part of a larger breastfeeding evaluation study. Objectives: To measure women’s infant feeding attitudes at 3 stages during the perinatal period to see whether, on average, they differed over time. Methods: Using the 17-item Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS), this cross-sectional study measured the infant feeding attitudes of 866 UK women at 3 perinatal stages (20 and 35 weeks antenatally and 6 weeks postpartum). Results: Mean IIFAS scores were very similar, which shows that discrete groups of women at different time points in pregnancy and postpartum appear to have the same attitudes toward infant feeding. The predominance of scores lay in the mid-range at each of the t...
To describe the management strategies used to deal with twisted aortic endografts. Two patients w... more To describe the management strategies used to deal with twisted aortic endografts. Two patients with successfully excluded aortic aneurysms developed symptoms referable to previously undetected twists in their endografts (one EndoVascular Technologies [EVT] and one customized aortomonoiliac device). The limb graft occlusion in the EVT graft was treated surgically with a femorofemoral bypass, but the aortomonoiliac endograft was salvaged with percutaneous implantation of a Wallstent. During another aortomonoiliac procedure, suboptimal flow through the endograft was traced to contortion of the endograft as it passed over an angulated proximal aneurysm neck. An X-large Palmaz stent was deployed to support the graft at this point. Unsupported aortic endografts may develop twists and kinks during deployment that can lead to low outflow and graft occlusion. Endovascular techniques are available to repair these defects postoperatively, although more precise intraoperative assessment tools may identify these problems so that they can be corrected at the initial intervention.
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Papers by J Green