Birds, bats, and ants are recognized as significant arthropod predators. However, empirical studi... more Birds, bats, and ants are recognized as significant arthropod predators. However, empirical studies reveal inconsistent trends in their relative roles in top-down control across strata. Here, we describe the differences between forest strata in the separate effects of birds, bats, and ants on arthropod communities and their cascading effects on plant damage.We implemented a factorial design to exclude vertebrates and ants in both the canopy and understory. Additionally, we separately excluded birds and bats from the understory using diurnal and nocturnal exclosures. At the end of the experiments, we collected all arthropods and assessed herbivory damage.Arthropods responded similarly to predator exclusion across forest strata, with a density increase of 81% on trees without vertebrates and 53% without both vertebrates and ants. Additionally, bird exclusion alone led to an 89% increase in arthropod density, while bat exclusion resulted in a 63% increase. Herbivory increased by 42% wh...
Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adu... more Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adult butterflies mark-release-recapture data, filtered by species x sites and prepared in 1/0 format for program MARK [2]. M. athalia, site H ( = Havraníky) M. athalia, site M (= Mašovice) M. aurelia, site M M. britomartis, site M M. didyma, site H M. didyma, site M M. cinxia, site H M. cinxia, site M Sheet 9: Mobility data, filtered and processed. For each individual recaptured at least once, total flight distance (= TFD, distances summed across consecutive capture points), longest single move and mean flight distance (= TFD / number of captures) is presented, together with number of captures and number of hours elapsed between the first and last capture. Sheet 10: Wing wear data for all species, collated across both sites, but split into sexes. Independently of individual codes, these are wing wear values of each individual handled with date of capture, and consecutive capture day related of Day 1 of capture of that particular species/sex. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 20 m buffers. GIS-digitised points of each handling event for all five species, split into sexes, with geography coordinates and land uses / land covers descriptions of 20-m diameter buffers around each capture point. Format for the multivariate analyses program CANOCO [3]. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 50 m buffers. As above, but larger buffers around each capture point. Sheet 12: Larval habitats of Melitaea aurelia and M. britomartis. 5-m diameter buffers around randomly set (n = 105) and pre-selected according to prior occurrence of ovipositing females (n = 40) points withing the localities.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The thesis presents data from butterfly transects monitoring, carried out for 7 years on 36 trans... more The thesis presents data from butterfly transects monitoring, carried out for 7 years on 36 transects established both within nature reserves and unprotected landscapes throughout the Czech Republic and walked three times a month between April and September. Only seven transects were monitored for the whole monitoring period. There were 192 771 individual butterfly records on 127 species of butterflies and burnet moths, i.e. 76.5% of the Czech fauna of the targeted groups). Data on their abundances are for the first time available for the Czech Republic. The distribution of individual species abundances approximated a lognormal model. The abundant species were generalists of non-wooded habitats, which prosper in the intensively managed landscapes of the Czech Republic. Trends of abundance, determined by the TRIM program, were estimable for 92 species. Over the monitored period, the relative abundance of nine species significantly decreased, while those of of seven species significan...
This thesis deals with a variability of the Baetis fuscatus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetida... more This thesis deals with a variability of the Baetis fuscatus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). This study contains three main topics: The first one is distinguishing between two highly similar species, Baetis scambus and Baetis fuscatus based on morfological structures, specifically their mouthparts - labial palps. To analyze the shape of the labial palps, I applied a computerized outline analysis. Second topic is focused on the validity of Baetis beskidensis as a distinct species based on the morphology and DNA sequences (obtained for the topotypical material for the first time). And finally, I also investigated some samples from Corsica in attempt to discover new species of the Baetis fuscatus species-group. I found that most probably it is not possible to distinguish between Baetis scambus and Baetis fuscatus based on the shape of their labial palps. Baetis beskidensis is morfologically different, but genetically not distinctly separated from other representatives of the Ba...
Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adu... more Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adult butterflies mark-release-recapture data, filtered by species x sites and prepared in 1/0 format for program MARK [2]. M. athalia, site H ( = Havraníky) M. athalia, site M (= Mašovice) M. aurelia, site M M. britomartis, site M M. didyma, site H M. didyma, site M M. cinxia, site H M. cinxia, site M Sheet 9: Mobility data, filtered and processed. For each individual recaptured at least once, total flight distance (= TFD, distances summed across consecutive capture points), longest single move and mean flight distance (= TFD / number of captures) is presented, together with number of captures and number of hours elapsed between the first and last capture. Sheet 10: Wing wear data for all species, collated across both sites, but split into sexes. Independently of individual codes, these are wing wear values of each individual handled with date of capture, and consecutive capture day related of Day 1 of capture of that particular species/sex. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 20 m buffers. GIS-digitised points of each handling event for all five species, split into sexes, with geography coordinates and land uses / land covers descriptions of 20-m diameter buffers around each capture point. Format for the multivariate analyses program CANOCO [3]. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 50 m buffers. As above, but larger buffers around each capture point. Sheet 12: Larval habitats of Melitaea aurelia and M. britomartis. 5-m diameter buffers around randomly set (n = 105) and pre-selected according to prior occurrence of ovipositing females (n = 40) points withing the localities.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Insect exposure to their predators can affect individuals and community processes, through direct... more Insect exposure to their predators can affect individuals and community processes, through direct consumption or nonlethal (i.e., nonconsumptive) effects. However, the links between behavioural and physiological responses and stimuli needed for development of the fear are not clear. We therefore subjected the desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) to three nonlethal treatments, using the great tits (Parus major) as a potential predator. The treatments involved: (1) bird - presence of a live great tit and its calls, (2) call - great tit calls only, (3) control - without any treatment. In the first behavioural laboratory experiment, hungry locusts were kept in an experimental cage with a shelter and food on opposite sides of the cage. The duration of hiding and feeding were considered as an indicator of fear responses. In the second laboratory experiment with the same three treatments, levels of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) were evaluated in the central nervous system (CNS) and haem...
Birds, bats, and ants are recognized as significant arthropod predators. However, empirical studi... more Birds, bats, and ants are recognized as significant arthropod predators. However, empirical studies reveal inconsistent trends in their relative roles in top-down control across strata. Here, we describe the differences between forest strata in the separate effects of birds, bats, and ants on arthropod communities and their cascading effects on plant damage.We implemented a factorial design to exclude vertebrates and ants in both the canopy and understory. Additionally, we separately excluded birds and bats from the understory using diurnal and nocturnal exclosures. At the end of the experiments, we collected all arthropods and assessed herbivory damage.Arthropods responded similarly to predator exclusion across forest strata, with a density increase of 81% on trees without vertebrates and 53% without both vertebrates and ants. Additionally, bird exclusion alone led to an 89% increase in arthropod density, while bat exclusion resulted in a 63% increase. Herbivory increased by 42% wh...
Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adu... more Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adult butterflies mark-release-recapture data, filtered by species x sites and prepared in 1/0 format for program MARK [2]. M. athalia, site H ( = Havraníky) M. athalia, site M (= Mašovice) M. aurelia, site M M. britomartis, site M M. didyma, site H M. didyma, site M M. cinxia, site H M. cinxia, site M Sheet 9: Mobility data, filtered and processed. For each individual recaptured at least once, total flight distance (= TFD, distances summed across consecutive capture points), longest single move and mean flight distance (= TFD / number of captures) is presented, together with number of captures and number of hours elapsed between the first and last capture. Sheet 10: Wing wear data for all species, collated across both sites, but split into sexes. Independently of individual codes, these are wing wear values of each individual handled with date of capture, and consecutive capture day related of Day 1 of capture of that particular species/sex. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 20 m buffers. GIS-digitised points of each handling event for all five species, split into sexes, with geography coordinates and land uses / land covers descriptions of 20-m diameter buffers around each capture point. Format for the multivariate analyses program CANOCO [3]. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 50 m buffers. As above, but larger buffers around each capture point. Sheet 12: Larval habitats of Melitaea aurelia and M. britomartis. 5-m diameter buffers around randomly set (n = 105) and pre-selected according to prior occurrence of ovipositing females (n = 40) points withing the localities.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The thesis presents data from butterfly transects monitoring, carried out for 7 years on 36 trans... more The thesis presents data from butterfly transects monitoring, carried out for 7 years on 36 transects established both within nature reserves and unprotected landscapes throughout the Czech Republic and walked three times a month between April and September. Only seven transects were monitored for the whole monitoring period. There were 192 771 individual butterfly records on 127 species of butterflies and burnet moths, i.e. 76.5% of the Czech fauna of the targeted groups). Data on their abundances are for the first time available for the Czech Republic. The distribution of individual species abundances approximated a lognormal model. The abundant species were generalists of non-wooded habitats, which prosper in the intensively managed landscapes of the Czech Republic. Trends of abundance, determined by the TRIM program, were estimable for 92 species. Over the monitored period, the relative abundance of nine species significantly decreased, while those of of seven species significan...
This thesis deals with a variability of the Baetis fuscatus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetida... more This thesis deals with a variability of the Baetis fuscatus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). This study contains three main topics: The first one is distinguishing between two highly similar species, Baetis scambus and Baetis fuscatus based on morfological structures, specifically their mouthparts - labial palps. To analyze the shape of the labial palps, I applied a computerized outline analysis. Second topic is focused on the validity of Baetis beskidensis as a distinct species based on the morphology and DNA sequences (obtained for the topotypical material for the first time). And finally, I also investigated some samples from Corsica in attempt to discover new species of the Baetis fuscatus species-group. I found that most probably it is not possible to distinguish between Baetis scambus and Baetis fuscatus based on the shape of their labial palps. Baetis beskidensis is morfologically different, but genetically not distinctly separated from other representatives of the Ba...
Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adu... more Excel file containing 12 separate sheets, presenting the following, left to right Sheets 1-8: Adult butterflies mark-release-recapture data, filtered by species x sites and prepared in 1/0 format for program MARK [2]. M. athalia, site H ( = Havraníky) M. athalia, site M (= Mašovice) M. aurelia, site M M. britomartis, site M M. didyma, site H M. didyma, site M M. cinxia, site H M. cinxia, site M Sheet 9: Mobility data, filtered and processed. For each individual recaptured at least once, total flight distance (= TFD, distances summed across consecutive capture points), longest single move and mean flight distance (= TFD / number of captures) is presented, together with number of captures and number of hours elapsed between the first and last capture. Sheet 10: Wing wear data for all species, collated across both sites, but split into sexes. Independently of individual codes, these are wing wear values of each individual handled with date of capture, and consecutive capture day related of Day 1 of capture of that particular species/sex. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 20 m buffers. GIS-digitised points of each handling event for all five species, split into sexes, with geography coordinates and land uses / land covers descriptions of 20-m diameter buffers around each capture point. Format for the multivariate analyses program CANOCO [3]. Sheet 11: Adults habitat use, 50 m buffers. As above, but larger buffers around each capture point. Sheet 12: Larval habitats of Melitaea aurelia and M. britomartis. 5-m diameter buffers around randomly set (n = 105) and pre-selected according to prior occurrence of ovipositing females (n = 40) points withing the localities.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Insect exposure to their predators can affect individuals and community processes, through direct... more Insect exposure to their predators can affect individuals and community processes, through direct consumption or nonlethal (i.e., nonconsumptive) effects. However, the links between behavioural and physiological responses and stimuli needed for development of the fear are not clear. We therefore subjected the desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) to three nonlethal treatments, using the great tits (Parus major) as a potential predator. The treatments involved: (1) bird - presence of a live great tit and its calls, (2) call - great tit calls only, (3) control - without any treatment. In the first behavioural laboratory experiment, hungry locusts were kept in an experimental cage with a shelter and food on opposite sides of the cage. The duration of hiding and feeding were considered as an indicator of fear responses. In the second laboratory experiment with the same three treatments, levels of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) were evaluated in the central nervous system (CNS) and haem...
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