<p>The percentages of clinical cases in which each sign was observed in cattle examined by ... more <p>The percentages of clinical cases in which each sign was observed in cattle examined by farmers and study participants during the two phases of the study, ordered by decreasing differences between the two types of observation during Phase-1. (Phase-1, n = 713 cases; Phase-2, n = 747 cases.).</p
<p>NB the DST was available to participants during Phase-2 but not Phase-1.</p><p&... more <p>NB the DST was available to participants during Phase-2 but not Phase-1.</p><p><sup>1</sup>As <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040687#pone-0040687-t003" target="_blank">table 3</a>.</p
<p>κ-values for each DST diagnosis in columns are indicated for each participant diagnosis ... more <p>κ-values for each DST diagnosis in columns are indicated for each participant diagnosis in rows. Main diagonal (mostly boldface numbers) indicating agreement between like diagnoses, other cells indicating possible cross-agreement between differing diagnoses. Boldface numbers indicate at least ‘fair’ agreement (κ ≥0.2); non-bold, positive numbers indicate slight agreement (0.2> κ >0); negative numbers indicate no cross-agreement, i.e. less than that expected by chance.</p><p><sup>1</sup>Other: any participant’s diagnosis other than the eight conditions listed on the DST; a DST diagnosis of ‘other’ resulted when none of its 16 signs was recorded for a case.</p>2<p>SCH: schistosomosis. [Further abbreviations as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040687#pone-0040687-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.].</p
<p>The study was carried out in Iganga (I), Kayunga (K), Sironko (Si), Soroti and Tororo (T... more <p>The study was carried out in Iganga (I), Kayunga (K), Sironko (Si), Soroti and Tororo (T) Districts in the eastern region of Uganda between January and May of 2005. Solid symbol is the Capital city, Kampala.</p
<p>Histogram showing the frequency distribution of number of clinical signs per case observ... more <p>Histogram showing the frequency distribution of number of clinical signs per case observed during each of the two phases of the study, prior to and after the introduction of the diagnostic decision support tool.</p
Diagnostic performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) based on a reco... more Diagnostic performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was validated for the detection of the IgG antibody in sheep (n = 3367), goat (n = 2632), and cattle (n = 3819) sera. Validation data sets were dichotomized according to the results of a virus neutralization test in sera obtained from RVF-endemic (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda, and Yemen) and RVF-free countries (France, Poland, and the USA). Cut-off values were defined using the two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis. Estimates of the diagnostic specificity of the RVFV rNP I-ELISA in animals from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 98.6% (cattle) to 99.5% (sheep) while in those originating from RVF-free countries, they ranged from 97.7% (sheep) to 98.1% (goats). Estimates of the diagnostic sensitivity in ruminants from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 90.7% (cat...
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 2005
Abstract UNE ENQUETE «DELPHI» SUR L\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;AVIS DES EXPERTS CONCERNANT LES PRINCIP... more Abstract UNE ENQUETE «DELPHI» SUR L\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;AVIS DES EXPERTS CONCERNANT LES PRINCIPAUX SIGNES POUR LE DIAGNOSTIC CLINIQUE DE LA TRYPANOSOMOSE BOVINE, DES MALADIES TRAMSMISES PAR LES TIQUES ET DES HELMINTHIASES Résumé Beaucoup d\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;informations ont été recueillies par le biais d\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;une enquête «Delphi» sur les signes cliniques et les facteurs de risque les plus importants pour le diagnostic de l\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;anaplasmose, de la babésiose, de la cowdriose, de la distomiase, de la gastro-entérite ...
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2022
Anthrax outbreaks are very frequent and recurrent in the Rubirizi district in landing sites along... more Anthrax outbreaks are very frequent and recurrent in the Rubirizi district in landing sites along the Kazinga channel in the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda. This has persistently caused huge losses of domestic and wild animals and increased public health risks to communities. A participatory disease search (PDS) was thus conducted to identify risk factors that influence the recurrent occurrence of the outbreaks. Using PDS tools, including, Focus group discussion, Mapping, Seasonal calendars, Timelines and Pairwise ranking, local communities were engaged to recall detailed information regarding previous anthrax outbreaks. The number of persons that participated in focus group discussions ranged from 16 in Kazinga landing site to 22 in Katunguru, 18 in Kashaka landing site and 20 in Kishenyi landing site The findings revealed anthrax outbreaks had been reported previously in Katunguru, Kyabakara, Katera, Kingu and Ryeyu sub-counties of Rubirizi district that lie within or adj...
The government of Uganda has experienced continued fiscal challenges from late 1980s to date. Con... more The government of Uganda has experienced continued fiscal challenges from late 1980s to date. Consequently, the provision of veterinary services was liberalized and decentralized. This exposed veterinary service provision to many actors without adequate regulation and supervision. With the resurgence of infectious diseases, increased economic and health risks especially to the rural poor, there is the need to understand relational patterns of actors to ensure good governance and address emerging and re-emerging animal diseases risks. A questionnaire surveillance was undertaken in the district veterinary service centres of Uganda to assess the status of veterinary diagnostic services and evaluate their influence in the delivery of clinical and preventive veterinary services. The structure of veterinary diagnostic services in the districts in Uganda is still lacking. There is need to improve veterinary diagnostic service delivery in the districts in an attempt to improve the control o...
Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 1998
A joint tsetse and trypanosomosis control program has been carried out along the Uganda-Kenya bor... more A joint tsetse and trypanosomosis control program has been carried out along the Uganda-Kenya border since July 1991. A combination of tsetse trapping, pour-on and chemotherapy has been used. Different combinations of control strategies were tried in the project area divided into three zones (A, B and C). In zone A, large-scale applications of pour-on, tsetse trapping (8-10 traps/km2) and chemotherapy were used. In zone B, only tsetse trapping (8-10 traps/km2) and chemotherapy were used. In zone C, block treatment of cattle in the entire area with diminazene aceturate was carried out followed by less intensive tsetse trapping (4-5 traps/km2). During monitoring, 400 cattle in each zone were screened every three months and the tsetse apparent density determined every month. From July 1991 to March 1997 reductions in the prevalence of trypanosomosis and apparent tsetse density of 94 and 99.5% in zone A, 89 and 99.5% in zone B and 79 and 95% in zone C, respectively, were achieved and ma...
BackgroundThe rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a... more BackgroundThe rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential zoonotic disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. The disease is distributed in nearly all of sub-Saharan Africa and some islands of the Caribbean, from where it threatens the American mainland. This report describes the development of two different loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for sensitive and specific detection of E. ruminantium.ResultsTwo sets of LAMP primers were designed from the pCS20 and sodB genes. The detection limits for each assay were 10 copies for pCS20 and 5 copies for sodB, which is at least 10 times higher than that of the conventional pCS20 PCR assay. DNA amplification was completed within 60 min. The assays detected 16 different isolates of E. ruminantium from geographically distinct countries as well as two attenuated vaccine isolates. No cross-reaction was observed with genetically related Rickettsiales, inc...
Tick-borne infections are the greatest limitations (Okello-Onen et al. 1994 and are still widely ... more Tick-borne infections are the greatest limitations (Okello-Onen et al. 1994 and are still widely prevalent in Uganda (Rubaire-Akiiki et al., 2004, Ochaido et al., 2009). Other endemic diseases are trypanosomiasis (Waiswa and Katunguka, 2004), mastitis (Byarugaba et al., 2008) and brucellosis (Makita et al., 2011). Among other key challenges is calf mortality and helminthosis (Ocaido et al., 2009). This study sought to establish the current disease burden in smallholder dairy farming systems as perceived by farmers
The rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential... more The rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential zoonotic disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. The disease is distributed in nearly all of sub-Saharan Africa and some islands of the Caribbean, from where it threatens the American mainland. This report describes the development of two different loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for sensitive and specific detection of E. ruminantium. Two sets of LAMP primers were designed from the pCS20 and sodB genes. The detection limits for each assay were 10 copies for pCS20 and 5 copies for sodB, which is at least 10 times higher than that of the conventional pCS20 PCR assay. DNA amplification was completed within 60 min. The assays detected 16 different isolates of E. ruminantium from geographically distinct countries as well as two attenuated vaccine isolates. No cross-reaction was observed with genetically related Rickettsiales, including zoonotic ...
<p>The percentages of clinical cases in which each sign was observed in cattle examined by ... more <p>The percentages of clinical cases in which each sign was observed in cattle examined by farmers and study participants during the two phases of the study, ordered by decreasing differences between the two types of observation during Phase-1. (Phase-1, n = 713 cases; Phase-2, n = 747 cases.).</p
<p>NB the DST was available to participants during Phase-2 but not Phase-1.</p><p&... more <p>NB the DST was available to participants during Phase-2 but not Phase-1.</p><p><sup>1</sup>As <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040687#pone-0040687-t003" target="_blank">table 3</a>.</p
<p>κ-values for each DST diagnosis in columns are indicated for each participant diagnosis ... more <p>κ-values for each DST diagnosis in columns are indicated for each participant diagnosis in rows. Main diagonal (mostly boldface numbers) indicating agreement between like diagnoses, other cells indicating possible cross-agreement between differing diagnoses. Boldface numbers indicate at least ‘fair’ agreement (κ ≥0.2); non-bold, positive numbers indicate slight agreement (0.2> κ >0); negative numbers indicate no cross-agreement, i.e. less than that expected by chance.</p><p><sup>1</sup>Other: any participant’s diagnosis other than the eight conditions listed on the DST; a DST diagnosis of ‘other’ resulted when none of its 16 signs was recorded for a case.</p>2<p>SCH: schistosomosis. [Further abbreviations as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040687#pone-0040687-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.].</p
<p>The study was carried out in Iganga (I), Kayunga (K), Sironko (Si), Soroti and Tororo (T... more <p>The study was carried out in Iganga (I), Kayunga (K), Sironko (Si), Soroti and Tororo (T) Districts in the eastern region of Uganda between January and May of 2005. Solid symbol is the Capital city, Kampala.</p
<p>Histogram showing the frequency distribution of number of clinical signs per case observ... more <p>Histogram showing the frequency distribution of number of clinical signs per case observed during each of the two phases of the study, prior to and after the introduction of the diagnostic decision support tool.</p
Diagnostic performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) based on a reco... more Diagnostic performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was validated for the detection of the IgG antibody in sheep (n = 3367), goat (n = 2632), and cattle (n = 3819) sera. Validation data sets were dichotomized according to the results of a virus neutralization test in sera obtained from RVF-endemic (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda, and Yemen) and RVF-free countries (France, Poland, and the USA). Cut-off values were defined using the two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis. Estimates of the diagnostic specificity of the RVFV rNP I-ELISA in animals from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 98.6% (cattle) to 99.5% (sheep) while in those originating from RVF-free countries, they ranged from 97.7% (sheep) to 98.1% (goats). Estimates of the diagnostic sensitivity in ruminants from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 90.7% (cat...
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 2005
Abstract UNE ENQUETE «DELPHI» SUR L\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;AVIS DES EXPERTS CONCERNANT LES PRINCIP... more Abstract UNE ENQUETE «DELPHI» SUR L\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;AVIS DES EXPERTS CONCERNANT LES PRINCIPAUX SIGNES POUR LE DIAGNOSTIC CLINIQUE DE LA TRYPANOSOMOSE BOVINE, DES MALADIES TRAMSMISES PAR LES TIQUES ET DES HELMINTHIASES Résumé Beaucoup d\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;informations ont été recueillies par le biais d\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;une enquête «Delphi» sur les signes cliniques et les facteurs de risque les plus importants pour le diagnostic de l\&amp;amp;amp;#x27;anaplasmose, de la babésiose, de la cowdriose, de la distomiase, de la gastro-entérite ...
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2022
Anthrax outbreaks are very frequent and recurrent in the Rubirizi district in landing sites along... more Anthrax outbreaks are very frequent and recurrent in the Rubirizi district in landing sites along the Kazinga channel in the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda. This has persistently caused huge losses of domestic and wild animals and increased public health risks to communities. A participatory disease search (PDS) was thus conducted to identify risk factors that influence the recurrent occurrence of the outbreaks. Using PDS tools, including, Focus group discussion, Mapping, Seasonal calendars, Timelines and Pairwise ranking, local communities were engaged to recall detailed information regarding previous anthrax outbreaks. The number of persons that participated in focus group discussions ranged from 16 in Kazinga landing site to 22 in Katunguru, 18 in Kashaka landing site and 20 in Kishenyi landing site The findings revealed anthrax outbreaks had been reported previously in Katunguru, Kyabakara, Katera, Kingu and Ryeyu sub-counties of Rubirizi district that lie within or adj...
The government of Uganda has experienced continued fiscal challenges from late 1980s to date. Con... more The government of Uganda has experienced continued fiscal challenges from late 1980s to date. Consequently, the provision of veterinary services was liberalized and decentralized. This exposed veterinary service provision to many actors without adequate regulation and supervision. With the resurgence of infectious diseases, increased economic and health risks especially to the rural poor, there is the need to understand relational patterns of actors to ensure good governance and address emerging and re-emerging animal diseases risks. A questionnaire surveillance was undertaken in the district veterinary service centres of Uganda to assess the status of veterinary diagnostic services and evaluate their influence in the delivery of clinical and preventive veterinary services. The structure of veterinary diagnostic services in the districts in Uganda is still lacking. There is need to improve veterinary diagnostic service delivery in the districts in an attempt to improve the control o...
Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 1998
A joint tsetse and trypanosomosis control program has been carried out along the Uganda-Kenya bor... more A joint tsetse and trypanosomosis control program has been carried out along the Uganda-Kenya border since July 1991. A combination of tsetse trapping, pour-on and chemotherapy has been used. Different combinations of control strategies were tried in the project area divided into three zones (A, B and C). In zone A, large-scale applications of pour-on, tsetse trapping (8-10 traps/km2) and chemotherapy were used. In zone B, only tsetse trapping (8-10 traps/km2) and chemotherapy were used. In zone C, block treatment of cattle in the entire area with diminazene aceturate was carried out followed by less intensive tsetse trapping (4-5 traps/km2). During monitoring, 400 cattle in each zone were screened every three months and the tsetse apparent density determined every month. From July 1991 to March 1997 reductions in the prevalence of trypanosomosis and apparent tsetse density of 94 and 99.5% in zone A, 89 and 99.5% in zone B and 79 and 95% in zone C, respectively, were achieved and ma...
BackgroundThe rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a... more BackgroundThe rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential zoonotic disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. The disease is distributed in nearly all of sub-Saharan Africa and some islands of the Caribbean, from where it threatens the American mainland. This report describes the development of two different loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for sensitive and specific detection of E. ruminantium.ResultsTwo sets of LAMP primers were designed from the pCS20 and sodB genes. The detection limits for each assay were 10 copies for pCS20 and 5 copies for sodB, which is at least 10 times higher than that of the conventional pCS20 PCR assay. DNA amplification was completed within 60 min. The assays detected 16 different isolates of E. ruminantium from geographically distinct countries as well as two attenuated vaccine isolates. No cross-reaction was observed with genetically related Rickettsiales, inc...
Tick-borne infections are the greatest limitations (Okello-Onen et al. 1994 and are still widely ... more Tick-borne infections are the greatest limitations (Okello-Onen et al. 1994 and are still widely prevalent in Uganda (Rubaire-Akiiki et al., 2004, Ochaido et al., 2009). Other endemic diseases are trypanosomiasis (Waiswa and Katunguka, 2004), mastitis (Byarugaba et al., 2008) and brucellosis (Makita et al., 2011). Among other key challenges is calf mortality and helminthosis (Ocaido et al., 2009). This study sought to establish the current disease burden in smallholder dairy farming systems as perceived by farmers
The rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential... more The rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential zoonotic disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. The disease is distributed in nearly all of sub-Saharan Africa and some islands of the Caribbean, from where it threatens the American mainland. This report describes the development of two different loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for sensitive and specific detection of E. ruminantium. Two sets of LAMP primers were designed from the pCS20 and sodB genes. The detection limits for each assay were 10 copies for pCS20 and 5 copies for sodB, which is at least 10 times higher than that of the conventional pCS20 PCR assay. DNA amplification was completed within 60 min. The assays detected 16 different isolates of E. ruminantium from geographically distinct countries as well as two attenuated vaccine isolates. No cross-reaction was observed with genetically related Rickettsiales, including zoonotic ...
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