SMC'98 Conference Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No.98CH36218)
This work presents the development of a multiuser virtual environment in support of crisis manage... more This work presents the development of a multiuser virtual environment in support of crisis management planning activities. Coupling ongoing work in activity representation with analysis of the crisis action planning domain, an extensible domain ontology was developed. Studying the domain, several challenges became apparent: (1) the need to support extensive dynamic and distributed collaboration, (2) the need for a flexible, open architecture, (3) the need for views of the information tailored to the activities of the planning team, and (4) the opportunity to leverage past and current related efforts in the domain. This project developed a Java-based collaboration architecture around a multiuser domain (MUD) to provide presence and access to collaborative services. The collaborative infrastructure layer provides persistence, user authentication, and access control Built upon this substrate are collaborative services such as a whiteboard mechanism, chat functions, and the domain-specific Mission Analysis Support Tool (MAST). The target use of MAST is to represent and track workflow in the crisis action planning done by the Operations Planning Team of the U.S. Pacific Command.
Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower r... more Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower reduction pressures increase. We address the socio-technical form of this trust problem through a novel decision explanation approach. Our approach employs a semantic representation to capture decision-relevant concepts as well as other mission-relevant knowledge along with a reasoning approach that allows users to pose queries and get system responses that expose decision rationale to users. This representation enables a natural, dialogbased approach to decision explanation. It is our hypothesis that the transparency achieved through this dialog process will increase user trust in autonomous decisions. We tested our hypothesis in an experimental scenario set in the maritime autonomy domain. Participant responses on psychometric trust constructs were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group for the majority of constructs, supporting our hypothesis. Our results suggest th...
: Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander... more : Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander transfers part of his authority to a subordinate commander in order to complete an assigned task or carry out additional duties. Delegation is often limited to specific tasks or for specific time periods and is commonly governed by policies that specify what may be delegated, to whom it may be delegated, and under what circumstances delegation may occur. Policies may also dictate if a person may perform tasks for which he has been given the authority to delegate. KAoS is a powerful policy management system whose policies are represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a standard language for semantic modeling. We have built a demonstration system, based on scenarios from an air operations center, which utilizes KAoS to govern delegation of authority in the context of web service access control. The KAoS policy language is expressive enough to support both attribute- and role-based a...
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per res... more Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to
International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems
... SWIFT: SYSTEM WORKBENCH FOR INTEGRATING AND FACILITATING TEAMS. STEPHEN LU, KEN SMITH, ALLEN ... more ... SWIFT: SYSTEM WORKBENCH FOR INTEGRATING AND FACILITATING TEAMS. STEPHEN LU, KEN SMITH, ALLEN HERMAN, DAVE MATTOX, MIKE SILLIMAN, MARTY LUCENTI, JIM JACOBS, DAVE CHAZIN, MARK LAWLEY and MIKE CASE. ...
1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, 1997
The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development... more The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development of such tools.
Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander t... more Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander transfers part of his authority to a subordinate commander in order to complete an assigned task or carry out additional duties. Delegation is often limited to specific tasks or for specific time periods and is commonly governed by policies that specify what may be delegated, to whom it may be delegated, and under what circumstances delegation may occur. Policies may also dictate if a person may perform tasks for which he has been given the authority to delegate. KAoS is a powerful policy management system whose policies are represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a standard language for semantic modeling. We have built a demonstration system, based on scenarios from an air operations center, which utilizes KAoS to govern delegation of authority in the context of web service access control. The KAoS policy language is expressive enough to support both attribute- and role-based aut...
Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower r... more Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower reduction pressures increase. We address the socio-technical form of this trust problem through a novel decision explanation approach. Our approach employs a semantic representation to capture decision-relevant concepts as well as other mission-relevant knowledge along with a reasoning approach that allows users to pose queries and get system responses that expose decision rationale to users. This representation enables a natural, dialog-based approach to decision explanation. It is our hypothesis that the transparency achieved through this dialog process will increase user trust in autonomous decisions. We tested our hypothesis in an experimental scenario set in the maritime autonomy domain. Participant responses on psychometric trust constructs were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group for the majority of constructs, supporting our hypothesis. Our results suggest t...
The DoD defines delegation of authority as the action by which a commander assigns part of his au... more The DoD defines delegation of authority as the action by which a commander assigns part of his authority commensurate with the assigned task to a subordinate commander. While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished, delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility, the extent of which must be clearly stated. Similarly, access to enterprise services and information can be controlled through delegation of credentials by an authority as established by formal semantics and explicit policies. In this report we describe a prototype system for policy-based access control of web services. Policies, which are written in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), govern both web service access and delegation of authority, and are enforced by IHMC?s KAoS policy services framework and management system. Each delegation of authority policy permits or denies access to a web service based on the credentials of the principal requesting access. A powerful feature of...
At the 11th ICCRTS, an architecture was proposed supporting a more flexible, policybased approach... more At the 11th ICCRTS, an architecture was proposed supporting a more flexible, policybased approach to command and control systems3. Such a system would be adaptable to ever-changing warfighter needs and different phases of modern conflicts. Policy in its many forms is an essential part of military decision-making with examples such as Commander’s Guidance, Rules of Engagement, security restrictions, legal and international policies. Additionally, commanders use policy to shape missions, pair weapons with targets, allocate airspace, and request coordination. As policy use grows in importance, so does the need to flexibly adapt policy and to select the most relevant for the situation at hand. Systems that attempt to support the use of policy must move from hard-coded, predefined structures to more flexible representations expressed in the warfighters’ terminology. A demonstration-of-concept architecture was built to explore policy-based decision support, combining a situational awarene...
International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 1994
There have been many R&D efforts in recent years to develop computer environments that directly e... more There have been many R&D efforts in recent years to develop computer environments that directly enhance group problem-solving productivity. An example of such efforts is the computer-based Virtual Teaming Technology (VTT) currently being developed at the Knowledge-based Engineering Systems Research Laboratory (KESRL). The core software environment for KESRL's VTT is called SWIFT (System Workbench for Integrating and Facilitating Teams) and is based on the knowledge processing technology (KPT) previously developed at KESRL to support various engineering design tasks. SWIFT is a flexible environment which enables the rapid development of collaborative applications, linking workers in distributed environments, of many domains. This paper presents the overall system architecture of SWIFT, and introduces the current and future R&D efforts at KESRL in realizing SWIFT for significant industrial applications.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 2000
Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICSPART C: APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, VOL.... more Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICSPART C: APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, VOL. 30, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2000 397 Cooperative Problem Solving in HumanMachine Systems: Theory, Models, and Intelligent Associate Systems ...
1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, 1997
The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development... more The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development of such tools.
SMC'98 Conference Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No.98CH36218)
This work presents the development of a multiuser virtual environment in support of crisis manage... more This work presents the development of a multiuser virtual environment in support of crisis management planning activities. Coupling ongoing work in activity representation with analysis of the crisis action planning domain, an extensible domain ontology was developed. Studying the domain, several challenges became apparent: (1) the need to support extensive dynamic and distributed collaboration, (2) the need for a flexible, open architecture, (3) the need for views of the information tailored to the activities of the planning team, and (4) the opportunity to leverage past and current related efforts in the domain. This project developed a Java-based collaboration architecture around a multiuser domain (MUD) to provide presence and access to collaborative services. The collaborative infrastructure layer provides persistence, user authentication, and access control Built upon this substrate are collaborative services such as a whiteboard mechanism, chat functions, and the domain-specific Mission Analysis Support Tool (MAST). The target use of MAST is to represent and track workflow in the crisis action planning done by the Operations Planning Team of the U.S. Pacific Command.
Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower r... more Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower reduction pressures increase. We address the socio-technical form of this trust problem through a novel decision explanation approach. Our approach employs a semantic representation to capture decision-relevant concepts as well as other mission-relevant knowledge along with a reasoning approach that allows users to pose queries and get system responses that expose decision rationale to users. This representation enables a natural, dialogbased approach to decision explanation. It is our hypothesis that the transparency achieved through this dialog process will increase user trust in autonomous decisions. We tested our hypothesis in an experimental scenario set in the maritime autonomy domain. Participant responses on psychometric trust constructs were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group for the majority of constructs, supporting our hypothesis. Our results suggest th...
: Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander... more : Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander transfers part of his authority to a subordinate commander in order to complete an assigned task or carry out additional duties. Delegation is often limited to specific tasks or for specific time periods and is commonly governed by policies that specify what may be delegated, to whom it may be delegated, and under what circumstances delegation may occur. Policies may also dictate if a person may perform tasks for which he has been given the authority to delegate. KAoS is a powerful policy management system whose policies are represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a standard language for semantic modeling. We have built a demonstration system, based on scenarios from an air operations center, which utilizes KAoS to govern delegation of authority in the context of web service access control. The KAoS policy language is expressive enough to support both attribute- and role-based a...
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per res... more Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to
International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems
... SWIFT: SYSTEM WORKBENCH FOR INTEGRATING AND FACILITATING TEAMS. STEPHEN LU, KEN SMITH, ALLEN ... more ... SWIFT: SYSTEM WORKBENCH FOR INTEGRATING AND FACILITATING TEAMS. STEPHEN LU, KEN SMITH, ALLEN HERMAN, DAVE MATTOX, MIKE SILLIMAN, MARTY LUCENTI, JIM JACOBS, DAVE CHAZIN, MARK LAWLEY and MIKE CASE. ...
1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, 1997
The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development... more The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development of such tools.
Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander t... more Within the Department of Defense (DoD), delegation of authority is the act by which a commander transfers part of his authority to a subordinate commander in order to complete an assigned task or carry out additional duties. Delegation is often limited to specific tasks or for specific time periods and is commonly governed by policies that specify what may be delegated, to whom it may be delegated, and under what circumstances delegation may occur. Policies may also dictate if a person may perform tasks for which he has been given the authority to delegate. KAoS is a powerful policy management system whose policies are represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a standard language for semantic modeling. We have built a demonstration system, based on scenarios from an air operations center, which utilizes KAoS to govern delegation of authority in the context of web service access control. The KAoS policy language is expressive enough to support both attribute- and role-based aut...
Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower r... more Lack of trust in autonomy is a recurrent issue that is becoming more and more acute as manpower reduction pressures increase. We address the socio-technical form of this trust problem through a novel decision explanation approach. Our approach employs a semantic representation to capture decision-relevant concepts as well as other mission-relevant knowledge along with a reasoning approach that allows users to pose queries and get system responses that expose decision rationale to users. This representation enables a natural, dialog-based approach to decision explanation. It is our hypothesis that the transparency achieved through this dialog process will increase user trust in autonomous decisions. We tested our hypothesis in an experimental scenario set in the maritime autonomy domain. Participant responses on psychometric trust constructs were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group for the majority of constructs, supporting our hypothesis. Our results suggest t...
The DoD defines delegation of authority as the action by which a commander assigns part of his au... more The DoD defines delegation of authority as the action by which a commander assigns part of his authority commensurate with the assigned task to a subordinate commander. While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished, delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility, the extent of which must be clearly stated. Similarly, access to enterprise services and information can be controlled through delegation of credentials by an authority as established by formal semantics and explicit policies. In this report we describe a prototype system for policy-based access control of web services. Policies, which are written in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), govern both web service access and delegation of authority, and are enforced by IHMC?s KAoS policy services framework and management system. Each delegation of authority policy permits or denies access to a web service based on the credentials of the principal requesting access. A powerful feature of...
At the 11th ICCRTS, an architecture was proposed supporting a more flexible, policybased approach... more At the 11th ICCRTS, an architecture was proposed supporting a more flexible, policybased approach to command and control systems3. Such a system would be adaptable to ever-changing warfighter needs and different phases of modern conflicts. Policy in its many forms is an essential part of military decision-making with examples such as Commander’s Guidance, Rules of Engagement, security restrictions, legal and international policies. Additionally, commanders use policy to shape missions, pair weapons with targets, allocate airspace, and request coordination. As policy use grows in importance, so does the need to flexibly adapt policy and to select the most relevant for the situation at hand. Systems that attempt to support the use of policy must move from hard-coded, predefined structures to more flexible representations expressed in the warfighters’ terminology. A demonstration-of-concept architecture was built to explore policy-based decision support, combining a situational awarene...
International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 1994
There have been many R&D efforts in recent years to develop computer environments that directly e... more There have been many R&D efforts in recent years to develop computer environments that directly enhance group problem-solving productivity. An example of such efforts is the computer-based Virtual Teaming Technology (VTT) currently being developed at the Knowledge-based Engineering Systems Research Laboratory (KESRL). The core software environment for KESRL's VTT is called SWIFT (System Workbench for Integrating and Facilitating Teams) and is based on the knowledge processing technology (KPT) previously developed at KESRL to support various engineering design tasks. SWIFT is a flexible environment which enables the rapid development of collaborative applications, linking workers in distributed environments, of many domains. This paper presents the overall system architecture of SWIFT, and introduces the current and future R&D efforts at KESRL in realizing SWIFT for significant industrial applications.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 2000
Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICSPART C: APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, VOL.... more Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICSPART C: APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, VOL. 30, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2000 397 Cooperative Problem Solving in HumanMachine Systems: Theory, Models, and Intelligent Associate Systems ...
1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, 1997
The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development... more The SPOT project applies emerging collaborative tools and techniques to assist in the development of such tools.
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Papers by Jim Jacobs