Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the γ-... more Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the γ-phosphoryl group from a nucleoside triphosphate to a nucleoside diphosphate. In this study, we examined the subcellular localization, tissue-specific gene expression, and enzymatic characteristics of three rice NDPK isozymes (OsNDPK1-OsNDPK3). Sequence comparison of the three OsNDPKs suggested differential subcellular localization. Transient expression of green fluorescence protein-fused proteins in onion cells indicated that OsNDPK2 and OsNDPK3 are localized to plastid and mitochondria respectively, while OsNDPK1 is localized to the cytosol. Expression analysis indicated that all the OsNDPKs are expressed in the leaf, leaf sheath, and immature seeds, except for OsNDPK1, in the leaf sheath. Recombinant OsNDPK2 and OsNDPK3 showed lower optimum pH and higher stability under acidic pH than OsNDPK1. In ATP formation, all the OsNDPKs displayed lower Km values for the second substrate, ADP, than for the first substrate, NTP, and showed lowest and highest Km values for GTP and CTP respectively.
Salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production around the globe. Besides many reclamatio... more Salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production around the globe. Besides many reclamation strategies, selection of crop cultivars tolerant to salinity can also improve crop production on salt affected lands. The present experiment was planned to study growth and ionic composition of four cotton genotypes as affected by salinity. Genotypes were grown either under salinity (150 mol m,3 NaCI) or under normal conditions and were compared for growth and leaf ionic composition. NaCI salinity significantly decreased shoot as well as root growth of all the cotton genotypes. The concentration of Na" and cr were significantly increased in the leave of plants grown under salinity whereas the K+: Na+ ratio was decreased. Cultivars differed significantly for both growth and ionic composition. Genotype CIM-446 performed better under salinity and was categorized as a relatively salt-tolerant genotype. The order of the salinity tolerance of the cotton genotypes is CIM-446 > NIAB-98...
To study the performance of sugarcane lines selected through screening in solution culture, a fie... more To study the performance of sugarcane lines selected through screening in solution culture, a field of required salinity levels was selected and further surveyed to draw salinity contours with the help of EM-38. Blocks contained 4 salinity levels, viz. non-saline (ECe = 2.2±0.3 dS m ...
ABSTRACT A large portion of applied phosphorus fertilizer undergoes adsorption/fixation due to hi... more ABSTRACT A large portion of applied phosphorus fertilizer undergoes adsorption/fixation due to high pH and calcareous content of soils and becomes unavailable for plant uptake. Plants undergo many morphological and physiological adaptations to overcome the low phosphorus availability. Many plants modify their root morphology and biomass in low phosphorus environments by exploring a greater more soil volume. This study measured plant root morphological and biomass adaptation at different levels of applied phosphorus and its effect on phosphorus use efficiency. Results showed that phosphorus use efficiency, root volume, number of root tips, root surface area, root length, and root length were higher at a low levels of phosphorus with average root diameter and root phosphorus were reduced at lower levels of applied phosphorus. Maize performed better in case of root adaptation; however, phosphorus use efficiency was higher for wheat. Both plant species responded to low phosphorus application by enhancing their root morphology and root production with an increase in phosphorus use efficiency. A significant correlation (r2 ≥ 60%) was observed between root morphology and phosphorus use efficiency. Plants that explore more soil volume by modifying root morphology were found to have low critical phosphorus requirements by efficiently utilizing phosphorus and amount of phosphorus fertilizer application is reduced.
Many physiological processes are affected due to a reduction in the osmotic potential of the soil... more Many physiological processes are affected due to a reduction in the osmotic potential of the soil culture by the addition of salts in the growing medium. To maintain continuous water uptake, the plant must decrease internal water potential to maintain turgor. The trial was ...
... In rainfed environments with dryland salinity, drought lends an additional complication (Sriv... more ... In rainfed environments with dryland salinity, drought lends an additional complication (Srivastava & Jana 1984). ... We are grateful to Dr SA Quarrie for supplying seed of SQ 92, to Prof RH Qureshi for seed of SARC 3, and to the Director, CSSRI for seed of KRL 1-4 and KRL 23. ...
The relationship of different growth parameters with salt-tolerance of different sunflower genoty... more The relationship of different growth parameters with salt-tolerance of different sunflower genotypes were evaluated under non-saline (control) and saline viz. 75 mol m and 150 mol m NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. Growth parameters showed a differential response to increasing level of salinity. A-163 and G-45 were renked as tolerant while G-57, G-101 and G-2 were ranked as sensitive genotyopes.
Plantation of salt tolerant trees on salt affected land is an environmental friendly and economic... more Plantation of salt tolerant trees on salt affected land is an environmental friendly and economically viable strategy to live with salinity where ground water is also highly saline. We studied growth response of eucalyptus camaldulensis on salt affected land and its impact on soil pH, EC, SAR, organic matter contents and infiltration rate. Two sites were selected with varying levels of natural salinity. Eucalyptus seedlings were grown on both sites for three years. A wide variation exhibited in growth of eucalyptus plants at each site. Sixteen plants were selected randomly on each site on the basis of visual growth differences. Among these selected trees, eight were categorized as good and other eight as poor plants. Growth parameters, such as plant height, tree girth and numbers of branches were recorded to monitor the effect of salinity on plant growth. Soil samples under the canopy of selected plants were collected up to the depth of 90 cm and analyzed for EC, SAR, pH, organic ma...
Boron (B) is an essential element for higher plants with a widespread deficiency in agricultural ... more Boron (B) is an essential element for higher plants with a widespread deficiency in agricultural soils. Salinity, another common agricultural problem, aggravates B toxicity in plants. NaCl salinity increases B toxicity symptoms on plants and soluble B concentration in inter- and intracellular compartments in leaves. In many cases salinity and high soil B occur together making the conditions more hostile for the plants e.g. the San Joaquin Valley, California. This study investigates the interactive effects of boron toxicity and different salts including NaCl, Na2SO4 and CaCl2. These three salts were used in three separate experiments and wheat plants were exposed for three weeks to either boron or a salt alone or in combination. Salinity x boron significantly reduced shoot as well as root growth of wheat irrespective of the salt used to develop salinity. Sodium sulphate salinity alone and in combination with boron caused a higher percent reduction in shoot fresh and dry weights follo...
A solution culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance of 15 tomato genot... more A solution culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance of 15 tomato genotypes in Hoagland’s nutrient solution with three levels of NaCl (0, 75, and 150 mM). The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replicates. After 30 days of imposition of salt stress, gas exchange parameters including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 assimilation rate, and intercellular CO 2 concentration were recorded and the harvested plants were characterized for growth (shoot/ longest root lengths and fresh/dry weights) and ionic characteristics (Na + , K + and K + /Na + ratio) parameters. All growth and gas exchange parameters decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. However, this decrease was less in salt-tolerant genotypes as compared to salt-sensitive genotypes. It was also observed that with the increasing NaCl concentration in the rooting medium, the amount of Na + in the plant tissues increased while the amount of K + ion decreas...
Salinity is an abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of plants like wheat and genot... more Salinity is an abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of plants like wheat and genotypes of wheat differ in their response to salinity. These genotypic variations in wheat for salinity tolerance are due to physiological and biochemical differences. The objective of this study was to assess the genotypic differences between two wheat genotypes 25-SAWSN-12 and 25-SAWSN-8. A hydroponic study with four replications was carried out; two treatments control and salinity (125 mM NaCl) were applied. Salinity reduced shoot and root growth, a reduction in water relations, photosynthetic attributes and membrane stability index (MSI) was also observed in both genotypes but this reduction was more conspicuous in 25-SAWSN-8 than in 25-SAWSN-12. The ionic composition showed that 25-SAWSN-12 had more K + , and less Na + and Clconcentrations in its shoot and root while 25-SAWSN-8 behaved in an opposite way. It seems that the reduction in growth, water relations, photosynthetic attributes and membrane stability was due to the toxic effect of Na + and less uptake of K + caused by salt stress. The genotype 25-SAWSN-12 was able to cope with drastic effects of Na + therefore it showed better growth under salinity as compared to 25-SAWSN-8.
The wastewater utilization for irrigation purposes is common practice in peri-urban areas located... more The wastewater utilization for irrigation purposes is common practice in peri-urban areas located in vicinity of developed cities. This water contains elements like chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and nitrate (NO3-N) that poses health risk when exposed to human. In this study effect of wastewater irrigation from Chakara wastewater plant, Faisalabad on growth of wheat and health risks was assessed. Pot experiment was conducted at Institute of Soil and Environmental, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad using different concentration of wastewater as treatment 100% tap water, 25% wastewater + 75% tap water, 50% wastewater + 50% tap water, 75% wastewater + 25% tap water, 100% wastewater. The results indicated that the wastewater irrigation negatively effects the plant growth and physiological parameters. The minimum plant height, grain weight, spike length, osmotic potential and SPAD values were recorded 50.33 cm, 1.47 g plant-1, 7.00 cm, 423 and 38.91 respectively in 100% wastewater irrigation. The risk quotient (RQ TEs) for each toxic element and cumulative risk index (RI TEs) values were calculated. The cadmium risk quotient (Cd RQ) for adults was on margin and value was >1 for in 75% wastewater + 25% tap water and 100% wastewater irrigation, while the RQ for Ni and Cr was <1. Maximum RI TEs values calculated in 100% wastewater irrigation 0.424 and 0.294 for children and adults respectively. Hence it was concluded that wastewater irrigation significantly increased the accumulation rate of metals and nitrate in wheat and cause potential health risks for children and adults.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the interactive effects of selenium (Se) supplem... more A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the interactive effects of selenium (Se) supplementation (0, 5, and 10 μM) and arsenic (As) toxicity (0, 200, and 400 μM) on the growth, accumulation, and oxidative damage along with defense mechanisms of metallicolous (MP) and non-metallicolous population (NMP) of Isatis cappadocica, an As-hyperaccumulator, and Brassica oleracea as reference brassica. The results revealed that As stress significantly hampered plant growth particularly in B. oleracea. It reduced plant growth due to enhanced oxidative load of As-stressed plants. Between the two Isatis populations, metallicolous plants accumulated significantly higher As, however with considerably low growth defects. Furthermore, Se supplementation counteracted the adverse effects of stress on growth and physiological performance of all studied plants. Addition of Se, particularly at higher dose (10 μM), significantly suppressed root As uptake and slightly its accumulation in shoots of B. oleracea plants treated with 400 μM As, and thus improved growth characteristics of stressed plants. Under As stress, Se supplementation increased the activities of enzymatic (peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR)) and non-enzymatic (anthocyanins and total flavonoids) antioxidants, thereby suggesting relieved As stress by reduced oxidative damage. Taken together, these results support the beneficial role of Se in the regulation of As stress by improving growth, physiology, and antioxidant capacity, and highlight its significance for plants grown on such metal-contaminated soils.
Farming systems today have many implications than before because of the growing concerns about ag... more Farming systems today have many implications than before because of the growing concerns about agricultural sustainability and environment. Soil management is aimed at the maintenance of optimal soil physical quality for crop S. A. Wani (*) • T. Ali • M. N. Sofi Division of Soil Science , Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Shalimar , 190001 Srinagar , Jammu and Kashmir , India e-mail: sartajmess@gmail.com M. Ramzan Department of Botany , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India K. R. Hakeem (*) Faculty of Forestry , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia e-mail: kur.hakeem@gmail.com
ABSTRACT To check the efficacy of potassium in alleviating oxidative stress under salt stress, sa... more ABSTRACT To check the efficacy of potassium in alleviating oxidative stress under salt stress, salt-tolerant (Indent-1) and salt-sensitive (Red Ball) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes were exposed to three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 75, 150 mM) and two levels of potassium (4.5 and 9 mM) in solution and foliar form. Thirty days of treatments revealed that increasing NaCl stress increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and correspondingly the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione reductase GR) in both genotypes. However, higher potassium (K) level in solution or foliar spray during the salt-induced stress decreased MDA and antioxidant activity and increased the growth in salt-tolerant genotype than in the salt-sensitive genotype. Decrease in MDA concentration, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in the growth of tomato plants by the application of potassium under salt stress suggest that potassium is an effective ameliorating agent against salt-induced oxidative damage.
the developed model is based on simplified cluster renewal concept and recent developments in hyd... more the developed model is based on simplified cluster renewal concept and recent developments in hydrodynamics studies. The research work has been focused to develop the suspension-to-wall heat transfer model. In order to measure accuracy with real systems, the model was tested through experimental investigations in a specially designed fluidized bed combustor. The obtained results were compared with the model. The model predictions showed a good agreement with the present experimental data. Empirical correlations were also developed for axial as well as redial heat transfer coefficient.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the γ-... more Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the γ-phosphoryl group from a nucleoside triphosphate to a nucleoside diphosphate. In this study, we examined the subcellular localization, tissue-specific gene expression, and enzymatic characteristics of three rice NDPK isozymes (OsNDPK1-OsNDPK3). Sequence comparison of the three OsNDPKs suggested differential subcellular localization. Transient expression of green fluorescence protein-fused proteins in onion cells indicated that OsNDPK2 and OsNDPK3 are localized to plastid and mitochondria respectively, while OsNDPK1 is localized to the cytosol. Expression analysis indicated that all the OsNDPKs are expressed in the leaf, leaf sheath, and immature seeds, except for OsNDPK1, in the leaf sheath. Recombinant OsNDPK2 and OsNDPK3 showed lower optimum pH and higher stability under acidic pH than OsNDPK1. In ATP formation, all the OsNDPKs displayed lower Km values for the second substrate, ADP, than for the first substrate, NTP, and showed lowest and highest Km values for GTP and CTP respectively.
Salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production around the globe. Besides many reclamatio... more Salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production around the globe. Besides many reclamation strategies, selection of crop cultivars tolerant to salinity can also improve crop production on salt affected lands. The present experiment was planned to study growth and ionic composition of four cotton genotypes as affected by salinity. Genotypes were grown either under salinity (150 mol m,3 NaCI) or under normal conditions and were compared for growth and leaf ionic composition. NaCI salinity significantly decreased shoot as well as root growth of all the cotton genotypes. The concentration of Na" and cr were significantly increased in the leave of plants grown under salinity whereas the K+: Na+ ratio was decreased. Cultivars differed significantly for both growth and ionic composition. Genotype CIM-446 performed better under salinity and was categorized as a relatively salt-tolerant genotype. The order of the salinity tolerance of the cotton genotypes is CIM-446 > NIAB-98...
To study the performance of sugarcane lines selected through screening in solution culture, a fie... more To study the performance of sugarcane lines selected through screening in solution culture, a field of required salinity levels was selected and further surveyed to draw salinity contours with the help of EM-38. Blocks contained 4 salinity levels, viz. non-saline (ECe = 2.2±0.3 dS m ...
ABSTRACT A large portion of applied phosphorus fertilizer undergoes adsorption/fixation due to hi... more ABSTRACT A large portion of applied phosphorus fertilizer undergoes adsorption/fixation due to high pH and calcareous content of soils and becomes unavailable for plant uptake. Plants undergo many morphological and physiological adaptations to overcome the low phosphorus availability. Many plants modify their root morphology and biomass in low phosphorus environments by exploring a greater more soil volume. This study measured plant root morphological and biomass adaptation at different levels of applied phosphorus and its effect on phosphorus use efficiency. Results showed that phosphorus use efficiency, root volume, number of root tips, root surface area, root length, and root length were higher at a low levels of phosphorus with average root diameter and root phosphorus were reduced at lower levels of applied phosphorus. Maize performed better in case of root adaptation; however, phosphorus use efficiency was higher for wheat. Both plant species responded to low phosphorus application by enhancing their root morphology and root production with an increase in phosphorus use efficiency. A significant correlation (r2 ≥ 60%) was observed between root morphology and phosphorus use efficiency. Plants that explore more soil volume by modifying root morphology were found to have low critical phosphorus requirements by efficiently utilizing phosphorus and amount of phosphorus fertilizer application is reduced.
Many physiological processes are affected due to a reduction in the osmotic potential of the soil... more Many physiological processes are affected due to a reduction in the osmotic potential of the soil culture by the addition of salts in the growing medium. To maintain continuous water uptake, the plant must decrease internal water potential to maintain turgor. The trial was ...
... In rainfed environments with dryland salinity, drought lends an additional complication (Sriv... more ... In rainfed environments with dryland salinity, drought lends an additional complication (Srivastava & Jana 1984). ... We are grateful to Dr SA Quarrie for supplying seed of SQ 92, to Prof RH Qureshi for seed of SARC 3, and to the Director, CSSRI for seed of KRL 1-4 and KRL 23. ...
The relationship of different growth parameters with salt-tolerance of different sunflower genoty... more The relationship of different growth parameters with salt-tolerance of different sunflower genotypes were evaluated under non-saline (control) and saline viz. 75 mol m and 150 mol m NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. Growth parameters showed a differential response to increasing level of salinity. A-163 and G-45 were renked as tolerant while G-57, G-101 and G-2 were ranked as sensitive genotyopes.
Plantation of salt tolerant trees on salt affected land is an environmental friendly and economic... more Plantation of salt tolerant trees on salt affected land is an environmental friendly and economically viable strategy to live with salinity where ground water is also highly saline. We studied growth response of eucalyptus camaldulensis on salt affected land and its impact on soil pH, EC, SAR, organic matter contents and infiltration rate. Two sites were selected with varying levels of natural salinity. Eucalyptus seedlings were grown on both sites for three years. A wide variation exhibited in growth of eucalyptus plants at each site. Sixteen plants were selected randomly on each site on the basis of visual growth differences. Among these selected trees, eight were categorized as good and other eight as poor plants. Growth parameters, such as plant height, tree girth and numbers of branches were recorded to monitor the effect of salinity on plant growth. Soil samples under the canopy of selected plants were collected up to the depth of 90 cm and analyzed for EC, SAR, pH, organic ma...
Boron (B) is an essential element for higher plants with a widespread deficiency in agricultural ... more Boron (B) is an essential element for higher plants with a widespread deficiency in agricultural soils. Salinity, another common agricultural problem, aggravates B toxicity in plants. NaCl salinity increases B toxicity symptoms on plants and soluble B concentration in inter- and intracellular compartments in leaves. In many cases salinity and high soil B occur together making the conditions more hostile for the plants e.g. the San Joaquin Valley, California. This study investigates the interactive effects of boron toxicity and different salts including NaCl, Na2SO4 and CaCl2. These three salts were used in three separate experiments and wheat plants were exposed for three weeks to either boron or a salt alone or in combination. Salinity x boron significantly reduced shoot as well as root growth of wheat irrespective of the salt used to develop salinity. Sodium sulphate salinity alone and in combination with boron caused a higher percent reduction in shoot fresh and dry weights follo...
A solution culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance of 15 tomato genot... more A solution culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance of 15 tomato genotypes in Hoagland’s nutrient solution with three levels of NaCl (0, 75, and 150 mM). The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replicates. After 30 days of imposition of salt stress, gas exchange parameters including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 assimilation rate, and intercellular CO 2 concentration were recorded and the harvested plants were characterized for growth (shoot/ longest root lengths and fresh/dry weights) and ionic characteristics (Na + , K + and K + /Na + ratio) parameters. All growth and gas exchange parameters decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. However, this decrease was less in salt-tolerant genotypes as compared to salt-sensitive genotypes. It was also observed that with the increasing NaCl concentration in the rooting medium, the amount of Na + in the plant tissues increased while the amount of K + ion decreas...
Salinity is an abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of plants like wheat and genot... more Salinity is an abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of plants like wheat and genotypes of wheat differ in their response to salinity. These genotypic variations in wheat for salinity tolerance are due to physiological and biochemical differences. The objective of this study was to assess the genotypic differences between two wheat genotypes 25-SAWSN-12 and 25-SAWSN-8. A hydroponic study with four replications was carried out; two treatments control and salinity (125 mM NaCl) were applied. Salinity reduced shoot and root growth, a reduction in water relations, photosynthetic attributes and membrane stability index (MSI) was also observed in both genotypes but this reduction was more conspicuous in 25-SAWSN-8 than in 25-SAWSN-12. The ionic composition showed that 25-SAWSN-12 had more K + , and less Na + and Clconcentrations in its shoot and root while 25-SAWSN-8 behaved in an opposite way. It seems that the reduction in growth, water relations, photosynthetic attributes and membrane stability was due to the toxic effect of Na + and less uptake of K + caused by salt stress. The genotype 25-SAWSN-12 was able to cope with drastic effects of Na + therefore it showed better growth under salinity as compared to 25-SAWSN-8.
The wastewater utilization for irrigation purposes is common practice in peri-urban areas located... more The wastewater utilization for irrigation purposes is common practice in peri-urban areas located in vicinity of developed cities. This water contains elements like chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and nitrate (NO3-N) that poses health risk when exposed to human. In this study effect of wastewater irrigation from Chakara wastewater plant, Faisalabad on growth of wheat and health risks was assessed. Pot experiment was conducted at Institute of Soil and Environmental, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad using different concentration of wastewater as treatment 100% tap water, 25% wastewater + 75% tap water, 50% wastewater + 50% tap water, 75% wastewater + 25% tap water, 100% wastewater. The results indicated that the wastewater irrigation negatively effects the plant growth and physiological parameters. The minimum plant height, grain weight, spike length, osmotic potential and SPAD values were recorded 50.33 cm, 1.47 g plant-1, 7.00 cm, 423 and 38.91 respectively in 100% wastewater irrigation. The risk quotient (RQ TEs) for each toxic element and cumulative risk index (RI TEs) values were calculated. The cadmium risk quotient (Cd RQ) for adults was on margin and value was >1 for in 75% wastewater + 25% tap water and 100% wastewater irrigation, while the RQ for Ni and Cr was <1. Maximum RI TEs values calculated in 100% wastewater irrigation 0.424 and 0.294 for children and adults respectively. Hence it was concluded that wastewater irrigation significantly increased the accumulation rate of metals and nitrate in wheat and cause potential health risks for children and adults.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the interactive effects of selenium (Se) supplem... more A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the interactive effects of selenium (Se) supplementation (0, 5, and 10 μM) and arsenic (As) toxicity (0, 200, and 400 μM) on the growth, accumulation, and oxidative damage along with defense mechanisms of metallicolous (MP) and non-metallicolous population (NMP) of Isatis cappadocica, an As-hyperaccumulator, and Brassica oleracea as reference brassica. The results revealed that As stress significantly hampered plant growth particularly in B. oleracea. It reduced plant growth due to enhanced oxidative load of As-stressed plants. Between the two Isatis populations, metallicolous plants accumulated significantly higher As, however with considerably low growth defects. Furthermore, Se supplementation counteracted the adverse effects of stress on growth and physiological performance of all studied plants. Addition of Se, particularly at higher dose (10 μM), significantly suppressed root As uptake and slightly its accumulation in shoots of B. oleracea plants treated with 400 μM As, and thus improved growth characteristics of stressed plants. Under As stress, Se supplementation increased the activities of enzymatic (peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR)) and non-enzymatic (anthocyanins and total flavonoids) antioxidants, thereby suggesting relieved As stress by reduced oxidative damage. Taken together, these results support the beneficial role of Se in the regulation of As stress by improving growth, physiology, and antioxidant capacity, and highlight its significance for plants grown on such metal-contaminated soils.
Farming systems today have many implications than before because of the growing concerns about ag... more Farming systems today have many implications than before because of the growing concerns about agricultural sustainability and environment. Soil management is aimed at the maintenance of optimal soil physical quality for crop S. A. Wani (*) • T. Ali • M. N. Sofi Division of Soil Science , Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Shalimar , 190001 Srinagar , Jammu and Kashmir , India e-mail: sartajmess@gmail.com M. Ramzan Department of Botany , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India K. R. Hakeem (*) Faculty of Forestry , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia e-mail: kur.hakeem@gmail.com
ABSTRACT To check the efficacy of potassium in alleviating oxidative stress under salt stress, sa... more ABSTRACT To check the efficacy of potassium in alleviating oxidative stress under salt stress, salt-tolerant (Indent-1) and salt-sensitive (Red Ball) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes were exposed to three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 75, 150 mM) and two levels of potassium (4.5 and 9 mM) in solution and foliar form. Thirty days of treatments revealed that increasing NaCl stress increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and correspondingly the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione reductase GR) in both genotypes. However, higher potassium (K) level in solution or foliar spray during the salt-induced stress decreased MDA and antioxidant activity and increased the growth in salt-tolerant genotype than in the salt-sensitive genotype. Decrease in MDA concentration, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in the growth of tomato plants by the application of potassium under salt stress suggest that potassium is an effective ameliorating agent against salt-induced oxidative damage.
the developed model is based on simplified cluster renewal concept and recent developments in hyd... more the developed model is based on simplified cluster renewal concept and recent developments in hydrodynamics studies. The research work has been focused to develop the suspension-to-wall heat transfer model. In order to measure accuracy with real systems, the model was tested through experimental investigations in a specially designed fluidized bed combustor. The obtained results were compared with the model. The model predictions showed a good agreement with the present experimental data. Empirical correlations were also developed for axial as well as redial heat transfer coefficient.
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