Papers by Jerry Bromenshenk
American Entomologist, 1993
Computer simulation models can provide exceptional tools for research and teaching. Honey bee col... more Computer simulation models can provide exceptional tools for research and teaching. Honey bee colonies furnish excellent examples of the basic principles of biology, entomology, and population ecology. We fused these two powerful educational tools and created an interactive program called PC BEEPOP for IBM-compatible personal computers. This article describes PC BEEPOP , demonstrates its capabilities, and communicates its availability to those interested in using it.
Transactions of The American Entomological Society, 1981
The role of behavior in the integration of individuals into a population of Aulocara elliotti (Th... more The role of behavior in the integration of individuals into a population of Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) was investigated in the field and in the laboratory. The effects of environmental factors, communicative signals, and individual movements and interactions on population structure and performance were examined. Both descriptive and experimental procedures were employed. A specially designed arena was utilized to study kineses and taxes. A wind tunnel facilitated olfaction studies, and an alternative humidity chamber was used to investigate response to different relative humidities. A sampling device to measure hatching rhythm also was designed and utilized. The time of hatching of eggs of this species appeared to be determined by an increase in temperature. A preference for conditions of low (0-10%) relative humidity over high (95-100%) was generally demonstrated by nymphs and adults, but the moister conditions were preferred during each molt. A. elliotti increased activity and showed a downward movement in response to wind at low speeds (4-10 ft./sec.). Grasshoppers moved upwind in response to attractive odors, and unfed hatchlings displayed an inherent ability to find a suitable food source by odor alone. Receptors of the antennae are very important for the responses to odors. Light and temperature influenced general activity. Temperature responses appeared to be primarily kinetic; while responses to light sources (sunlight and artificial light sources) included both kineses and taxes. Low intensities of light inhibited locomotor and stridulatory activities. A. elliotti primarily utilized visual and acoustic signals for communication. Several song types distinguished by differences in rhythm construction were identified. Loss of visual and/or physical contact with individuals of the opposite sex increased the number of songs produced by both males and females. Visual signals, especially those involving movement, were important to interactions between members of the species. Courtship behavior by males included simple and complex displays. Complex courtship involved prolonged sequences of mating behavior and were characterized by symmetric and asymmetric positions and movements of body parts. Groups of males often follow an ovipositing It is hypothesized that 'pottering' or intermittent wandering is a kinetic response controlled by environmental factors and the physi ological state of the grasshopper and that pottering is a major factor in the displacements and distributions of individuals.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1990
Areas of comb can be used to assess qualities of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colony dynamics su... more Areas of comb can be used to assess qualities of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colony dynamics such as brood rearing, hoarding behavior, and food stores. Visual estimates, grid overlays, photography, and combinations of these methods have been used to approximate measurements of comb areas. The development of portable computers with graphics and large data storage capabilities, along with the advent of the sonic digitizer, enables researchers to perform these measurements in the field. Scientific data manipulation software provides basic statistics and data transformations. The information can be stored in both graphic and numeric form. Digitizing data in the field improves accuracy and precision and reduces overall time spent in compiling and assessing data.
Ecological Indicators, 1992
Some types of environmental contamination are contained or follow known distribution patterns suc... more Some types of environmental contamination are contained or follow known distribution patterns such as drainage systems. They can be monitored through the sampling of specific media such as air, water, or soil at fixed locations. However, in other cases the sources and extent of the contamination are not known. To delineate the area impacted, sampling must cover a large area, but economic constraints usually limit samples to a few locations. One solution would be a mobile sampler that covers a relatively large area and then returns to a fixed location.
MORE is D consortium of educational, govcrmental, and industrial partnas in cooperation with the ... more MORE is D consortium of educational, govcrmental, and industrial partnas in cooperation with the state's Tribal colleges. Formed in 1994, our objectives are to develop and promoto energy-related research and education in the state of Montana and the Northwestom region. SpcciRcally, we sot out to: Promote Collaboration and Cooperation h a n g Montana's Colleges & Universities Maximize Usc of Existing PcrsonneI & Resources Foster Partnerships with Industries, State Agancies, and Tribal Nations Enhancc Energy Research & Training Our 1 Imp1 ementation Orant consistcd of Mansgemail and Coordination, Human Outreach, m d two Research Clustors Petroleum Reservoir Characterization and Wind Energy. Ovmll, we considex this program to have been highly successful. That conclusion was mirror4 by our DOE site reviewers, and by invitations from Dr. Matesh Varma, the DOE/EPSCoR Nationd P r o g m Director, to prcscnt our programs and outcomes 8s models fox other states die National DOWEPSCoR meetings. Human Resources DevelopmentCFaculty, Professional Staff, and Students: Althougb i t is impossible to detenninc the exact influence of this program on its participants, thc principal investigalors fiom this project have been remarkably succcss~l, both as scientists and as leaders in the academic communities. Among tlie three program directors from the Univtnity of Montana (UM), Monlms Tcch (MTecli), and Montana Stab Univemity (MSU), Dr. Brotnenshenk, thc statewide director, maintained a highly compotitive and successful, personal rescarch program. For several ycars, his research projccts have numbered amongst the largest tit UM in t a m s of funding and number ofpeople supportcd, having received finding from DOT) and, more recently, thc Dcfmse Advanced Rescarcli Projects Agency (DARP A). Thc l a m progmm has resulted in an innovativc detection technology for landmines that involvcd partnerships with three DOE laboratorics-SNL, ORNL, and PNNL. Tn 2003, Dr. Broincnshmlc L'onned a technology development company, which reoeived Board of Regents Approvalthe 2"d cornpnny to do so at UM. This company, UM, MSU, Sandia Labs, and S&K Electronics, a Native American-owned electronics firm, have in place memorandums of understanding and licensing agrecmcnts to commercialize the landminc detection system. SNL is a key player in this cxcl-cise. Dr. Daniel Bradley, the Co-Director at Mt Tech, began his affiliation with the l>OE/EPSCoR program 8s the Dean of Petroleum En@noming at MT Tech. He went 011 to beoomo thc Academic Vice Chicellor at Toch, and is now thc President of Fainnont State College in Wost Virginia. Dr. Hugo Schmidt, the Co-Dirwtor at MSU, has 'retired', but continucs to obtain research funding from NSF and is involvcd with the research tcmis under our currcnt DOE Ttnplementation &ant, He still acts as a principal proponent and participant in our out reach programs to high schools, especially Native Ameri can schools. Of the principal roscarcli investigators, all have been succcssful in finding external fbunding. The effect of DOE/EPSCoR was most apparait at MT Tech. Prior to DOEEPSCoR, most faculty conducting research at Tech wcrc funded by statc govmnent and local industry. Through a combiuution of DOElEPSCoR training m d experience, new faculty hires by II ncw Resecircli Vice-President, Ur4 Joe Figuirea, and related faculty enhancement activities, MT Tech has become compclilive for federal grants. The DOE Pctroleiiin Reservoir program is still hcld up as a major accoinplislunent of the Geophysicnl and DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government.
This project has made a substantial commitment to graduate and undergraduate education (Table ). ... more This project has made a substantial commitment to graduate and undergraduate education (Table ). Over the duration of the project 13 undergraduates, 7 Masters, 4 PhDs, and 2 Post docs have received DOE EPSCoR support. 9) Montana University System (MUS) faculty professional development has been enhanced during this project (see Table ). Over $3,500,000 has been generated in the form of new research projects which are directly tied to DOE EPSCoR. Another $4,000,000 in grant proposals is currently pending. Also the Project Investigators have published 36 articles in peer reviewed journals and made 51 presentations at conferences and workshops. The following sections provide detailed discussion of research results by objective and task. Objective 1: Determine the influence of CO 2 -related injection of fluids on pore structure, material properties, and microbial activity in rock cores from potential geological carbon sequestration sites. Task 1. Develop methods for measuring material and flow properties of rock cores. The long term goal for this task is to develop improved testing methods which will characterize properties of rock core samples important for assessing the potential for geologic formations to successfully store injected CO 2. High pressure rock core testing system at MTech. Under DOE EPSCoR a novel high pressure core testing system has been built at the MTech Petroleum Engineering Department, under the direction of Mary North-Abbott. The system complements existing MTech laboratory equipment which includes a Before After Difference
Montana's state program began its sixth year in 2006. The project's research cluster focused on p... more Montana's state program began its sixth year in 2006. The project's research cluster focused on physical, chemical, and biological materials that exhibit unique electrontransfer properties. Our investigators have filed several patents and have also have established five spin-off businesses (3 MSU, 2 UM) and a research center (MT Tech). In addition, this project involved faculty and students at three campuses (MSU, UM, MT Tech) and has a number of under-represented students, including 10 women and 5 Native Americans. In 2006, there was an added emphasis on exporting seminars and speakers via the Internet from UM to Chief Dull Knife Community College, as well as work with the MT Department of Commerce to better educate our faculty regarding establishing small businesses, licensing and patent issues, and SBIR program opportunities. 6. Accomplishments During the Reporting Period:
Honey Bees, 2002
ABSTRACT The products of honey bees can be used as indicators and monitors of a variety of enviro... more ABSTRACT The products of honey bees can be used as indicators and monitors of a variety of environmental pollutants because of the bees ability to collect materials that reflect their immediate environment conditions. The area covered by honey bees in their nectar- or honeydew-gathering process can be presented as a circle with a few kilometres radius. It seems that the honey could be a good random sample, representative of a broad area. Radionuclides, cations, and chemical compounds, deposited as fallot due to global atmospheric pollution or as constitutive elements or trace elements of soil can migrate upwards by plant uptake. Concentrations of 137Cs in various honey types during the 1990s in Croatia are presented in this report. The results of analyses of honey samples archived in Austria, Germany and Slovenia from 1952 through 1995 provide an intriguing and unique history of 137Cs pollution in Europe. The research also documents the levels of of 137Cs, 40K, Ca, Fe, Rb, Sr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn and Cr in soils, coniferous tree branches, and honey, and compares the transfer from soil into nectar honey, mixtures of nectar and honeydew honey, and honeydew honey in fir and spruce forests in Croatia. For all of the elemental concentrations investigated, no significant differences, at level P < 0.05, were found between honeydew honey and mixed honey, regardless of the soil type where the honey was collected from. Elemental transfer factors from soils into nectar honey were significantly lower than those for honeydew honey.
Thi:s report wa.s prepared a.s at_ account of work sponsored by an agency ef the UnitcA States G_... more Thi:s report wa.s prepared a.s at_ account of work sponsored by an agency ef the UnitcA States G_vernmcnt. Neither the Unite,d States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any or their ¢mp,t, oyecs, makes any warranty, express or imp,lic_d,or assumes any legal liability or responsibii'ity for the accuracy, completeness, or u.sefuln,ess of any informatio.n, apparatus, p.roduet, o,r p,rocc_.,s d[scL, os, c,d, o,r repfer,cnts that its use wo,u|d not infr'ing¢ privately own_l rights, Refercn,¢¢heroin to any spcc:ific commercial product, proce,ss,or service b), trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or oth,erwis¢ dots r,o.t nc_cs,.arily _.nstitut¢ o.r imp,ty its endorsement., rrx_o,m-ii_:I"ER mendatio, n, or favoring by _h,c I.J_itez}. States Government o.r any agency thereof. The views _V_ _d ep,inis>rl:s of authors ¢xprcsz.cx] I_cr¢[n do net ncccs.s,arilystate or reflect th,o_ of the U.:it¢=:!Ststcs Gove_rnm, ent or any agen,cy th,er_,f.
Nature, 1972
lying them are rarely mentioned. Beginners have no basis for distinguishing techniques little use... more lying them are rarely mentioned. Beginners have no basis for distinguishing techniques little used in the past from methods commonly used at present. Practical advice is also lacking; for example, those starting to use the Zurich-Montpelier system are not told what proportion of the total ground area might be covered by identifiable associations, or how to recognize and sample fragments, transitions, and communities undergoing succession. Thus the author has sacrificed detailed analysis to superficial coverage of the whole subject, and the book sometimes reads like a catalogue. In spite of this, parts of the text may be useful to undergraduates and postgraduates as background reading, as an introduction to the literature, especially the continental literature, or in choosing suitable methods for describing vegetation and analysing the results. T. J. KING
International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2010
Prescribed fires can be used as a forest management tool to reduce the severity of wildfires. Thu... more Prescribed fires can be used as a forest management tool to reduce the severity of wildfires. Thus, over prolonged and repeated periods, firefighters are exposed to toxic air contaminants. This work consisted in collecting and analysing smoke released by typical Mediterranean vegetation during prescribed burning. Sampling was performed at five active zones on the island of Corsica. Seventy‐nine compounds were identified: volatile organic compounds and semi‐volatile organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Depending on exposure levels, the toxins present in smoke may cause short‐term or long‐term damage to firefighters’ health. The dangerous compounds emitted, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, were quantified. Their concentrations varied as a function of the study site. These variations were due to the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the fire site (e.g. plant species, fire intensity and wind). Our results show that benzene concentration is h...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1986
In the Puget Sound region of the United States a task force of community volunteers using bees mo... more In the Puget Sound region of the United States a task force of community volunteers using bees monitored environmental pollution. This paper discusses advantages and limitations of public involvement in the assessment of regional environmental problems, particularly with respect to biological monitoring. This approach not only yielded extensive information about pollution levels but also was very cost effective.
Honey bees have recently received considerable attention from the popular press as an innovative ... more Honey bees have recently received considerable attention from the popular press as an innovative method to detect a variety of explosives, landmines and UXO. Many of these reports are inaccurate and may encourage individuals and demining groups to "sell" a service that they poorly understand or lack the experience to properly apply. As the developers of this technology, we offer the following summary about the current status of this alternative for landmine detection, including its strengths and limitations.
Each year thousands of chemicals in large quantities are introduced into the global environment a... more Each year thousands of chemicals in large quantities are introduced into the global environment and the need for effective methods of monitoring these substances has steadily increased. Most monitoring programs rely upon instrumentation to measure specific contaminants in air, water, or soil. However, it has become apparent that humans and their environment are exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals rather than single entities. As our ability to detect ever smaller quantities of pollutants has increased, the biological significance of these findings has become more uncertain. Also, it is clear that monitoring efforts should shift from short-term studies of easily identifiable sources in localized areas to long-term studies of multiple sources over widespread regions. Our investigations aim at providing better tools to meet these exigencies. Honey bees are discussed as an effective, long-term, self-sustaining system for monitoring environmental impacts. Our results indicate that th...
American Bee Journal, 1990
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Papers by Jerry Bromenshenk