Papers by Kazuyuki Motohashi
Scientometrics, Feb 29, 2024
World Patent Information, Dec 1, 2020
Journal of Business Research, Jun 1, 2019
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Mar 1, 2017
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Apr 1, 2006
Since current Japanese patent law was enacted in 1959, it has been revised several times, mainly ... more Since current Japanese patent law was enacted in 1959, it has been revised several times, mainly for the purpose of international harmonization. Recently the Japanese government stresses the importance of pro-patent policies, i.e., strengthening intellectual property right in order to stimulate business innovation and to regain international competitiveness. This paper assesses the impact of series of revisions of Japanese patent system on firm's innovation activities, by using statistical data, firm level survey data and information from interviews for IP managers in IT and pharmaceutical firms. It is found that increases in patent application in the late 1990's are attributed to a surge of IT patents, as well as pharmaceutical ones. For IT and pharmaceuticals, technology fields covered by patent protection have been gradually expanded, such as in areas of software and biotechnology. This policy change may contribute to increase in patent application. However, it is difficult to separate this system factor from other factors such as expansion of technological opportunity. Although the impact of recent pro-patent policies on firm's innovation is not so clear, it is clear that IP section inside firm becomes to play more active role in firm's innovation strategy formulation, particularly in pharmaceutical firms. Tremendous technology opportunities in IT and biotech push a firm to rely on external knowledge pools by licensing activities, and it becomes important to coordinate in-house R&D with licensing activities to tap on external technology sources. In this context, IP section involves heavily in R&D and product development process inside firm. In addition, it is found that large firms in IT and pharmaceutical industry, focuses on US patent system, which moves relatively quickly for new technology field patenting, and pay less attention to Japanese one.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jul 1, 2003
Springer texts in business and economics, 2015
Springer texts in business and economics, 2015
Springer texts in business and economics, 2015
Springer texts in business and economics, 2015
International Journal of Technology Management, 2016
This paper empirically investigates factors affecting the relative bargaining strength of sellers... more This paper empirically investigates factors affecting the relative bargaining strength of sellers and buyers in biotechnology markets, using transaction-level data for alliances between 1993 and 2008. Specifically, a two-tier stochastic frontier model is applied to our dataset for estimating the advantage of sellers and buyers, separately, and the advantage difference between them is regressed on possible determinants, such as scope of technology, stage of pharmaceutical R&D process, previous experience forming technology alliances, seller and buyer characteristics, and financial market conditions at the time of agreement. The results show that buyers were greatly advantaged over sellers in many alliances. However, a seller's bargaining position tended to improve significantly after the clinical research phase, as did repeating transactions with previous partners. US sellers also enjoyed an advantage over non-US buyers.
IRPN: Innovation & Intellectual Property Law & Policy (Topic), 2016
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the innovation activities of the e... more This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the innovation activities of the entire population of Japanese firms with the use of a linked dataset from the Establishment and Enterprise Census and the Institute of Intellectual Property Patent Database (Japan Patent Office patent application data). In 2006, approximately 1.4% of approximately 4.5 million firms filed for patents, and substantial patenting activities were observed not only in the manufacturing field but also in other sectors, such as business-to-business services and finance. In addition, firm survival and growth are regressed with patenting and open innovation (measured by the joint patent application with other firms and universities). Results show that innovation activities measured by patenting are positively correlated with firm performance. Furthermore, the relationship between patenting and survival rate is strong for large firms, whereas that between patenting and firm growth is strong for smal...
In this paper, multinationals' motivations for R&D in China are compared across firms' ho... more In this paper, multinationals' motivations for R&D in China are compared across firms' home countries. It is found that five types of companies (Europe, Japan, the other Asia, US and Taiwan, Hong Kong or Macau owned) can be grouped into two. Europe, Japan and the other Asia for production/ market driven R&D, but the degree of market orientation is stronger for European firms, followed by Japanese and the other Asia. Another group is US and THKM firms for technology/cost driven R&D. It should be noted that THKM firms are inclined toward production oriented R&D as well. We have also investigated the relationship between types of R&D activities and firms' performances. In general, US firms are more profitable than Japanese ones, but this difference in profitability disappears once it is controlled for R&D type variables. In terms of an association of R&D type variables with profitability, heterogeneous results are obtained by host countries. The degree of linkage with unive...
World Patent Information, 2020
Uploads
Papers by Kazuyuki Motohashi