Papers by Kendrick Killian
Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle, 2018
Quantifying the change in greenhouse gas emissions due to natural resource conservation practice ... more Quantifying the change in greenhouse gas emissions due to natural resource conservation practice application in Iowa “The Iowa Carbon Storage Project”
Improved agricultural practices can increase carbon (C) stocks in soils, providing a sink for CO2... more Improved agricultural practices can increase carbon (C) stocks in soils, providing a sink for CO2 from the atmosphere. To help implement policies designed to encourage soil carbon sequestration, as part of a portfolio of greenhouse gas mitigation options, decision-support tools play an important role. We developed the COMET-VR (CarbOn Management Evaluation Tool for Voluntary Reporting) to support field-level estimates of
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1991
The goal of our study is to evaluate the physics performance of a large liquid argon calorimeter ... more The goal of our study is to evaluate the physics performance of a large liquid argon calorimeter for the SSC engineered to include a realistic support system, cryogenic vessels, signals, and services. The physics performance is dependent on the effect of the dead material on the hermeticity. An integrated design, modeling analysis, and simulation approach is used to allow rapid
US Croplands could potentially sequester from 275 to 750 Tg CO2 equivalants per year according to... more US Croplands could potentially sequester from 275 to 750 Tg CO2 equivalants per year according to analyses based on widespread adoption of alternative management practices that increases carbon input or reduces carbon losses from soils, relative to traditional practices. However, potentials are not necessarily representative of current trends. Our objectve was to determine the national trends by combining simulation modeling with datasets that provide input driving variables, including land use and management statistics, weather data, and soil characteristics. Century was used to simulate trends during the 1990s for US Croplands in a Monte Carlo Analysis, assessing uncertainty in model input data as well as the structural uncertainty associated with parameterization and model algorithms. Probability distribution functions were developed for N fertilization, tillage practices, organic amendments, while structural uncertainty was assessed based on an empirical estimator derived from 4...
… State University, Fort …, 2005
... Mark Easter1, Keith Paustian, Kendrick Killian, Ty Boyack, Steve ... Mixed grass prairie is m... more ... Mark Easter1, Keith Paustian, Kendrick Killian, Ty Boyack, Steve ... Mixed grass prairie is modeled by modeling a G4 grass (75% cool season and 25% warm season grasses) with periodic low-intensity grazing and a seven year fire return interval. ...
deutsch english. Publikationsansicht. 14200475. Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Chan... more deutsch english. Publikationsansicht. 14200475. Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Change at National Scale (2006). Milne, E.,; Paustian, K.,; Williams, SA,; Killian, K.,; Swan, A.,; Sessay, M.,; Cerri, CEP,; Cerri, CC,; Kamoni, P.,; Gicheru, P.,; Wokabi, S.,; Bhattacharyya ...
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007
The GEFSOC soil carbon modelling system was built to provide interdisciplinary teams of scientist... more The GEFSOC soil carbon modelling system was built to provide interdisciplinary teams of scientists, natural resource managers and policy analysts (who have the appropriate computing skills) with the necessary tools to conduct regional-scale soil carbon (C) inventories. It allows users to assess the effects of land use change on soil organic C (SOC) stocks, soil fertility and the potential for
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007
Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in ecosystem function, determining soil fertility, w... more Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in ecosystem function, determining soil fertility, water holding capacity and susceptibility to land degradation. In addition, SOC is related to atmospheric CO2 levels with soils having the potential for C release or sequestration, depending on land use, land management and climate. The United Nations Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol,
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007
National and sub-national scale estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and changes can pro... more National and sub-national scale estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and changes can provide information land degradation risk, C sequestration possibilities and the potential sustainability of proposed land management plans. Under a GEF co-financed project, ...
ABSTRACT Corn stover, an agricultural residue, can be used as feedstock for near term bioethanol ... more ABSTRACT Corn stover, an agricultural residue, can be used as feedstock for near term bioethanol production and is available today at levels that can significantly impact energy supply. We evaluated the environmental impact of such a large-scale change in agricultural practices on green house gas production, soil erosion and soil carbon using the Century model. Estimates of soil C changes and GHG emissions were performed for the 99 counties in Iowa where previous environmental, management and erosion data was available. We employed climate, soil and historical management databases from a separate USDA-funded project as input to Century. RUSLE estimates of the residue requirements for acceptable soil loss rates under continuous corn agriculture were available from a previous study done Dr. Richard Nelson (Enersol Resources). Two mulch tillage and a no-till systems, where erosion estimates were available, were used as the basis for the simulations. Century simulations of these systems were run under a variety of stover removal rates. For each soil type within each county the model was run for 15 years (1980-1995) under continuous corn with convention tillage, and full residue return. Model simulation of crop yields and residue production were then calibrated to match those used by the Polysys model team at Oak Ridge and the simulation was repeated with the addition of the three corn tillage regimes, and several residue removal rates. County-average soil C changes (and net CO2 emissions) were calculated as area-weighted averages of the individual soil types in each county. For this study, we have utilized the IPCC approach to estimate annual N2O emissions. At low or zero residue removal rates, county-averaged soil C stocks were predicted to increase (i.e. net CO2 emissions are negative). Where the allowable residue removal rates (based on erosion tolerance) for mulch-tillage are on the order of 40-50% or more, the reduced input of C is such that the soils no longer sequester C and become a net source of CO2. Estimates of N2O emissions from soil ranged from 1.4 to 2.8 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1 across all counties, tillage systems and residue removal rates. The magnitude of these values is consistent with direct measurements of N2O flux.
ABSTRACT see: https://crops.confex.com/crops/wc2006/techprogram/P15940.HTM
The present work was carried out as a part of the activity of Global Environment Facility Sponsor... more The present work was carried out as a part of the activity of Global Environment Facility Sponsored Soil Organic Carbon Project. Century C model was evaluated using selected sites under Long-Term Fertilizer Trials (LTFT) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), India. All the LTFTs ...
1. R educing anthropogemc greelihoLise gas (GHG) emissions is the greatest environmental challeng... more 1. R educing anthropogemc greelihoLise gas (GHG) emissions is the greatest environmental challenge facing society over the coming decades (NAS 2005). Although the largest global source of emission stems from the use of fossil fuels, land use, including agriculture, is the second greatest contributor to increasing (;HG concentrations in the atmosphere, accounting for about 30% of total net emissions (IPCC 2007). The majority of these land use emissions are associated with deforestation and land conversion, mainly in the tropics; however, in the United States, agriculture contributes around 7% of total emissions (EPA 2007). The three main G H Us of concern—carbon dioxide (CO,), methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N,O)—are all emitted through various agricultural activities, with the CH and N,() dominating agricultural emissions in the United States. However, agriculture has the capacity to not only significantly reduce its own emissions, but also to offset CO, emissions from other sect...
Historically, a significant C emission source, agricultural soils in the US are now largely in a ... more Historically, a significant C emission source, agricultural soils in the US are now largely in a state of `recovery' with respect to soil C stocks. Estimates from national inventory methods, employing either empirical-based models or dynamic simulation approaches, show soil C accumulations occurring on most agricultural soils, whereas a relatively small area of cultivated histosols(< 1 Mha) are a net source of CO2. Net soil C storage is estimated at around 10-20 Tg C /year, where mineral soils are accumulating 15-25 Tg/year and organic soils (histosols) are emitting 5-10 Tg C per year. C sink and source strengths vary considerably across the continental US. Regional differences in land use and management practices and climatic conditions are the main drivers of the spatial heterogeneity in sinks/sources. The availability, quality and limitations of the driving variables needed for national-scale estimates of agricultural C dynamics are discussed along with methods and results...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009
This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.
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Papers by Kendrick Killian