Background: Carissa opaca Stapf ex Hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma,... more Background: Carissa opaca Stapf ex Hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma, hepatitis and microbial infections. The present study was arranged to investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activity of various fractions of C. opaca extract and its bioactive metabolites responsible for that activity. Methods: To characterize various fractions of C.opaca antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antitumor assays are used. Eight strains of bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Enterobactor aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhy, and Staphylococcus aureus and four strains of fungal viz: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are used. Brine shrimps and potato dics are used for anticancer and antitumor potency of extract. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is utilized for determination of bioactive metabolites responsible for the activity. Results: HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of orientin, isoquercetin, myricetin and apigenin. Various fractions of C. oapca showed significant antibacterial, antitumor and anticancer activity. In case of C. opaca fruit inhibition growth of Aspergillus niger was ranged between 23.2 ± 1.36% to 43.3 ± 2.39%, Aspergillus flavus ranged between 27.6 ± 1.39% to 65.6 ± 3.44%, Aspergillus fumigatus ranged between 13.2 ± 1.00% to 52.4 ± 1.54% and Fusarium solani ranged between 10.5 ± 1.02% to 14.6 ± 1.74%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, various fractions of C.opaca are accessible source of ethno pharmacy as they are consumed in different areas of Pakistan with ultimate health compensations.
Digera muricata is used in renal disorders in folk medicine. Generation of reactive radicals has ... more Digera muricata is used in renal disorders in folk medicine. Generation of reactive radicals has been implicated in carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity, which are involved in lipid peroxidation, accumulation of dysfunctional proteins, leading to injuries in kidneys. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Digera muricata on the kidney function in CCl(4)-induced injuries. CCl(4) treatment (5 ml/kg body wt., i.p. CCl(4):olive oil; 1:9) significantly increased the level of urine creatinine, protein, nitrite, urobilinogen, red blood cells (RBCs), leucocytes count, and levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Level of proteins and DNA fragmentation %, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) count in renal tissues was also significantly increased. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) were increased with CCl(4) treatment. DNA ladder assay was intimately related with the DNA fragmentation assay. Telomerase activity was determined in the CCl(4)-treated renal tissue homogenate. Treatment with n-hexane (HDMP) and methanolic (MDMP) extracts of Digera muricata (200 and 250 mg/kg body wt., oral, respectively) effectively attenuated the alterations in the biochemical markers, telomerase activity was inhibited and confirms the restoration of normalcy and accredits the protective role of Digera muricata against CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity.
The objective of this research work was to assess the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemiceffects of ... more The objective of this research work was to assess the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemiceffects of Stellaria media in alloxan induced diabetic rats using different experimental models. Standard documented protocols were used to concede the in vitro and in vivo activities. Biochemical markers studies were also done. The results of the study showed strong pancreatic α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition in-vitroat varying concentrations of the extract which further validated the in-vivo anti-diabetic action of the plant because of the inhibition of the above enzymes.The administration of various concentrations of the extract showedmomentous decrease in fasting blood level when compared to diabetic control. Similarly, remarkably improved hemoglobin (+20.10%), and decreased HbA1c (−48.44%) was observed when compared to diabetic control rats. The extract also caused reduced serum enzyme (ALT, ALP, bilirubin) levels and produced a succeeding recovery toward their normal values.It can be co...
Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is an oxidizing agent used in industries for the formation of hair sol... more Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is an oxidizing agent used in industries for the formation of hair solution, cosmetics and as a by product during ozonation of water, causes infections in kidney and has been classified as 2B group toxic chemical a probable human carcinogen. In the present study, Sonchus asper non polar n-hexane extract (SAHE) is used against KBrO 3 induced nephrotoxicity in rats. During this study 32 male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and experiment was proceeded for 6 weeks. Results revealed that induction of KBrO 3 in rats significantly reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (p<0.01) while enhanced NORs/cell and telomerase enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation which were markedly improved by co-treatment of SAHE. KBrO 3 also considerably distorted (p<0.01) DNA fragmentation in kidney comparatively to control. These changes are noticeably (p<0.01) reimbursed with treatment of SAHE. These data proved that SAHE extract has ability of DNA fragmentation repairing, reduces rgyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORS), restoring enzyme activity and telomerase enzymes, which might be due to the presence of plant bioactive compounds.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Jun 18, 2011
The protective effects of Sonchus asper methanol extract (SAME) against KBrO 3-induced oxidative ... more The protective effects of Sonchus asper methanol extract (SAME) against KBrO 3-induced oxidative damage in heart tissues of rat were determined in this study. Sprague-Dawley male rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into five groups. Group I: received saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); group II: were injected with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); group III and IV: treated with KBrO 3 and after 48 with SAME (100; 200 mg/kg b.w.) and group V: with SAME (200 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for four weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant decrease in the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD, GSH-Px, GSR, GST, QR, XO) and glutathione (GSH), while increase in the levels of γ-GT, MDA and H 2 O 2 in cardiac samples compared with the control group. Serum levels of CK, CK-MB, LDH, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL were elevated while HDL level was significantly reduced in KBrO 3 group compared with the control. Since SAME treatment reversed these responses dose dependently, it seems likely that S. asper methanol extract can protect the cardiac tissues against KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage.
Sonchus arvensis is used as salad, vegetable and as a human diet in Pakistan, traditionally used ... more Sonchus arvensis is used as salad, vegetable and as a human diet in Pakistan, traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments. This study was designed to investigate the mathanol extract of S. arvensis was evaluated against CCl 4-induced adrenal oxidative stress in rat. The extract was administered to rats after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment (3 ml/kg b.w., 30% in olive oil) twice a week for 4 weeks. CCl 4 induction in rats caused reduction of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px, and QR) while increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS) which are significantly (P<0.01) reversed by mathanol fraction of S. arvensis (CAT, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px, and QR) enzymes. It is inferred that S. arvensis efficiently protects adrenal injuries induced by CCl 4 in rats, possibly through antioxidant effects of bioactive compounds present in the fraction.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Molecular markers; DNA, argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) and telomerase enzymes ... more Molecular markers; DNA, argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) and telomerase enzymes play important role in diagnosis of nephrotoxicity induced by potassium bromate (KBrO 3). In the present study, the effects of Launaea procumbens against KBrO 3 induced molecular changes in male rats are determined. 36 male albino rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 6 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg body weight (b.w.), 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); group II was treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); group III, IV, V and VI were administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with L. procumbens methanolic extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPME), chloroform extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPCE), ethyl acetate extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPEE), and n-hexane extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPHE), respectively. All the treatments were given twice a week for four weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant alteration in DNA, AgNORs and telomeres enzymes of kidney which was restored with various fractions of L. procumbens might be due the presence of bioactive compounds.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011
Parthenium hysterophorus is used as a vegetable and in the treatment of various human ailments tr... more Parthenium hysterophorus is used as a vegetable and in the treatment of various human ailments traditionally in Pakistan. The current study was arranged to investigate the nutritional importance, microbial inhibition and its potency against free radicals. The results revealed that extract possesses macro elements Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, as well as micro elements including Ni, Li, Pb, Co, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Cd. Scavenging of free radicals revealed that methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus (PM) possesses lowest IC50 (2.5 ± 0.05 µg/ml) comparatively to ascorbic acid (3.7 ± 0.03) and n-hexane extract of P. hysterophorus (PH) (5.1 ± 0.07 µg/ml). The extracts also showed maximum antibacterial potential in various concentrations of n-hexane and methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus. The results revealed that P. hysterophorus contain a remarkable fungal inhibition due to the presence of bioactive constituents. Based on this screening various fractions of P. hysterophorus are recommended for future bioassay guided isolation of bioactive constituents.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is a nephrotoxin which causes renal oxidative stress and cancer in exp... more Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is a nephrotoxin which causes renal oxidative stress and cancer in experimental animal. In the present study, nephroprotective effects of Launaea procumbens against KBrO 3 induced renal function toxicity were determined. In this study, 24 male albino rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 4 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (1 ml/kg b.w.), group II was treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), groups III and IV were administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with methanolic fractions of L. procumbens (LPME) (100; 200 mg/kg b.w., respectively). All the treatments were given twice a week for 4 weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant alteration in physical and serum markers of kidney. L. procumbens co-administration dose dependently reversed the physical and serum markers nearly to control groups. The results revealed that LPME can be a useful remedy for renal disorders.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 30, 2017
Rumex hastatus leaves have been widely used as food additive and for the treatment of various liv... more Rumex hastatus leaves have been widely used as food additive and for the treatment of various liver ailments. According to our previous studies, ethyle acetate (ERL) and methanolic (MRL) fractions of R. hastatus leaves are an accessible source of natural antioxidants. In the present research work we arranged to investigate the R. hastatus leaves as hepaptoprotective agent verse hepatic damages caused by CCl4. During this project we divided 48 rats into eight groups randomly. CCl4-induced damages were assessed through liver function markers viz.; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Changes in lipid profile were checked by measuring serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (Tg), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Antioxidant status was checked by the activities of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damages and cellular abnormalities at histo level. ...
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Aug 31, 2011
Medicinal plants help in improving the human health that is primarily due to bioactive constituen... more Medicinal plants help in improving the human health that is primarily due to bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and tannins. These compounds play important role in minimizing oxidative stress, cancer, impotency, cardiac dysfunction and microbial inhibition. Euphorbia prostrata (L) is a small prostrate, annual herb found all over the world including Pakistan. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of E. prostrata against oxidative stress and antibacterial potential. Methanolic extract of E. prostrata were used in three different concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 mg/ml. The maximum inhibition was shown at highest concentration of 5 and at 3 mg/ml the moderate inhibition while at 1 mg/ml the minimum inhibition was shown. Similarly concentration of methnolic extract of E. prostrata exhibited excellent scavenging activity. The % scavenging of E. prostrata is directly proportional to the concentration. The order of % scavenging activity is 50 < 100 < 150 < 200 < 250 g/ml. Ascorbic acid is used as negative control
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Launaea procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of renal dysfunction. In the present st... more Launaea procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of renal dysfunction. In the present study, protective effects of L. procumbens against KBrO 3-induced nephrotoxicity in rat were determined. In this study, 24 male albino rats (195 to 200 g) were equally divided into 4 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); Group II was treated with KBrO 3 (30 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); Groups III and IV administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with L. procumbens (100; 200 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for 6 weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant depletion (P < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase, SOD, glutathione-S-transferase, GST, glutathione reductase; GSR, glutathione peroxidase GSH-px and quinone reductas, QR) and glutathione contents while enhanced markedly (P < 0.01) tissue nitrite, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide level in kidney. Coadministration revealed that L. procumbens methanol extract significantly (P < 0.01) protect the liver against KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage by restoring activity of antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation which might be due to the presence plant bioactive constituents.
Background: Sonchus arvesis is traditionally reported in various human ailments including hepatot... more Background: Sonchus arvesis is traditionally reported in various human ailments including hepatotoxicity in Pakistan. Presently we designed to assess the protective effects of methanolic extract of Sonchus arvesis against carbon tetrachloride induced genotoxicity and DNA oxidative damages in hepatic tissues of experimental rats. Methods: 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Sonchus arvensis against CCl 4 induced genotoxicity, DNA damages and antioxidant depletion. Rats of normal control group were given free access of food and water add labitum. Group II rats received 3 ml/kg of CCl 4 (30% in olive oil v/v) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for four weeks. Group III and IV received 1 ml of 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. SME via gavage after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment whereas group V was given 1 ml of silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment. Group VI only received 200 mg/kg b.w. SME. Protective effects of SME were checked by measuring serum markers, activities of antioxidant enzymes, genotoxicity and DNA dmages. Results: Results of the present study showed that treatment of SME reversed the activities of serum marker enzymes and cholesterol profile as depleted with CCl 4 treatment. Activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes of liver tissue homogenate; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were reduced with administration of CCl 4 , which were returned to the control level with SME treatment. CCl 4-induced hepatic cirrhosis decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) and increased lipid peroxidative products (TBARS), were normalized by treatment with SME. Moreover, administration of CCl 4 caused genotoxicity and DNA fragmentation which were significantly restored towards the normal level with SME. Conclusion: These results reveal that treatment of SME may be useful in the prevention of hepatic stress.
Effect of methanolic extract ofRumex hastatusroots (MRR) and its derived fractions, n-hexane (HRR... more Effect of methanolic extract ofRumex hastatusroots (MRR) and its derived fractions, n-hexane (HRR), ethyl acetate (ERR), chloroform (CRR), butanol (BRR), and aqueous extract (ARR), was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepato and testicular toxicity in rats. Intraperitoneal dose of 20 percent CCl4(0.5 ml/kg bw) was administered twice a week for eight weeks to a group of rats. Other groups were given CCl4and various fractions ofR. hastatusroots (200 mg/kg bw). CCl4treatment depleted glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased the concentration of lipid peroxides (TBARS) along with corresponding DNA injuries and histopathological damages. Supplementation with various fractions ofR. hastatusroots (200 mg/kg body weight) attenuated the toxicity of CCl4in liver and testis tissues through improvement in the serological, enzymatic, and histological parameters towards the normal. Posttreatment ofR. hastatusroots (200 mg/kg body weight) also r...
Background: Traditionally various human diseases of kidneys, hormonal imbalance and sexual diseas... more Background: Traditionally various human diseases of kidneys, hormonal imbalance and sexual diseases are treated with Launaea procumbens (L). In the present study protective effects of methanolic extract of Launaea procumbens (LPME) was evaluated against CCl 4-induced oxidative damages in rat testis. Methods: To examine the protective effects of Launaea procumbens on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in male rat, 30 male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups (6 rats). First group was given standard diet and drinking water. Second group received CCl 4 3 ml/kg intraperitoneally (30% in olive oil). Third and forth were given orally 100; 200 mg/kg b.w., in 99.8% dimethyl sulphooxide (DMSO), Launaea procumbens methanolic extracts (LPME) after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment twice a week and sixth group received only LPME in DMSO at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., for four weeks. Protective effects of Launaea procumbens were observed on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, serum reproductive hormonal level, activity of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA damages. Results: Results of the present study revealed that treatment of CCl 4 significantly (p < 0.01) reduced sperm concentration and motility comparatively to controls. Level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, were depleted markedly (p <0.01) with treatment of CCl 4. In addition, CCl 4 induction in rats reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damages. Co-administration of LPME significantly (p <0.01) improved these alterations in improving of hormonal level, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation near to control rats. Conclusion: From the results it is suggested that Launaea procumbens methanolic extract has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damages, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.
Background Carissa opaca leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of male dysfunction and h... more Background Carissa opaca leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of male dysfunction and hormonal disorder as well as in oxidative stress in Pakistan and Asia. The present study was designed to assess the protective effects of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves (MLC) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced reproductive stress in male rats and bioactive constituents responsible for the activity. Methods CCl4 was induced in 42 male rats for eight weeks and checked the protective efficacy of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves at various hormonal imbalances, alteration of antioxidant enzymes, DNA fragmentation levels and lipid peroxidation caused testicular fibrosis in testis while High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for detection of bioactive components. Results HPLC characterization revealed the presence of isoquercitin , hyperoside , vitexin , myricetin and kaempherol. CCl4 caused significant alteration in the secretion of reproductive hormone...
Background: Sonchus asper is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of reproductive dys... more Background: Sonchus asper is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of reproductive dysfunction and oxidative stress. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate chloroform extract of Sonchus asper (SACE) against potassium bromate-induced reproductive stress in male rats. Methods: 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) potassium bromate (KBrO 3) was induced in 36 rats for four weeks and checked the protective efficacy of SACE at various hormonal imbalances, alteration of antioxidant enzymes, and DNA fragmentation levels. High performance chromatography (HPLC) was used for determination of bioactive constituents responsible. Results: The level of hormonal secretion was significantly altered by potassium bromate. DNA fragmentation%, activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phase II metabolizing enzymes viz; glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-tansase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) was decreased while hydrogen per oxide contents and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased with KBrO 3 treatment. Treatment with SACE effectively ameliorated the alterations in the biochemical markers; hormonal and molecular levels while HPLC characterization revealed the presence of catechin, kaempferol, rutin and quercetin. Conclusion: Protective effects of Sonchus asper vs. KBrO 3 induced lipid peroxidation might be due to bioactive compound present in SACE.
The protective effects of Sonchus asper butanol extract against KBrO 3 induced oxidative damage i... more The protective effects of Sonchus asper butanol extract against KBrO 3 induced oxidative damage in kidney of rat were determined in this study. 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 4 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); group II was treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); group III and IV administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with Sonchus asper butanolic extract (SBE) (100; 200 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for five weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant alteration in physical and serum marker of kidney which were restored with SBE dose dependently revealed that S. asper butanol extract can protect the kidney against KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage.
The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its anti... more The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its antimicrobial activity. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
Background: Sonchus arvensis is used in the treatment of various human aliments as a traditional ... more Background: Sonchus arvensis is used in the treatment of various human aliments as a traditional medicine in Pakistan. In the study its various fractions are characterized for scavenging of diverse free radicals. Results: Results of the present study revealed that various fractions of Sonchus arvensis significantly scavenged the free radicals (DPPH•, ABTS•+, •OH, superoxide), however its methanolic fraction is more potent than other fractions. Significant correlation was found between DPPH•, ABTS•+, superoxide radical and total antioxidant activity with total flavonoids and phenolics contents. Phytochmical analysis revealed the presence kaempferol, quercetin, orientin, rutin, hyperoside, catechin and myricetin. Conclusion: From the present data it is concluded that various fractions of Sonchus arvensis significantly scavenged the free radical, which might be due the presence of polyphenolic constituent.
Background: Carissa opaca Stapf ex Hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma,... more Background: Carissa opaca Stapf ex Hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma, hepatitis and microbial infections. The present study was arranged to investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activity of various fractions of C. opaca extract and its bioactive metabolites responsible for that activity. Methods: To characterize various fractions of C.opaca antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antitumor assays are used. Eight strains of bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Enterobactor aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhy, and Staphylococcus aureus and four strains of fungal viz: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are used. Brine shrimps and potato dics are used for anticancer and antitumor potency of extract. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is utilized for determination of bioactive metabolites responsible for the activity. Results: HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of orientin, isoquercetin, myricetin and apigenin. Various fractions of C. oapca showed significant antibacterial, antitumor and anticancer activity. In case of C. opaca fruit inhibition growth of Aspergillus niger was ranged between 23.2 ± 1.36% to 43.3 ± 2.39%, Aspergillus flavus ranged between 27.6 ± 1.39% to 65.6 ± 3.44%, Aspergillus fumigatus ranged between 13.2 ± 1.00% to 52.4 ± 1.54% and Fusarium solani ranged between 10.5 ± 1.02% to 14.6 ± 1.74%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, various fractions of C.opaca are accessible source of ethno pharmacy as they are consumed in different areas of Pakistan with ultimate health compensations.
Digera muricata is used in renal disorders in folk medicine. Generation of reactive radicals has ... more Digera muricata is used in renal disorders in folk medicine. Generation of reactive radicals has been implicated in carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity, which are involved in lipid peroxidation, accumulation of dysfunctional proteins, leading to injuries in kidneys. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Digera muricata on the kidney function in CCl(4)-induced injuries. CCl(4) treatment (5 ml/kg body wt., i.p. CCl(4):olive oil; 1:9) significantly increased the level of urine creatinine, protein, nitrite, urobilinogen, red blood cells (RBCs), leucocytes count, and levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Level of proteins and DNA fragmentation %, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) count in renal tissues was also significantly increased. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) were increased with CCl(4) treatment. DNA ladder assay was intimately related with the DNA fragmentation assay. Telomerase activity was determined in the CCl(4)-treated renal tissue homogenate. Treatment with n-hexane (HDMP) and methanolic (MDMP) extracts of Digera muricata (200 and 250 mg/kg body wt., oral, respectively) effectively attenuated the alterations in the biochemical markers, telomerase activity was inhibited and confirms the restoration of normalcy and accredits the protective role of Digera muricata against CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity.
The objective of this research work was to assess the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemiceffects of ... more The objective of this research work was to assess the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemiceffects of Stellaria media in alloxan induced diabetic rats using different experimental models. Standard documented protocols were used to concede the in vitro and in vivo activities. Biochemical markers studies were also done. The results of the study showed strong pancreatic α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition in-vitroat varying concentrations of the extract which further validated the in-vivo anti-diabetic action of the plant because of the inhibition of the above enzymes.The administration of various concentrations of the extract showedmomentous decrease in fasting blood level when compared to diabetic control. Similarly, remarkably improved hemoglobin (+20.10%), and decreased HbA1c (−48.44%) was observed when compared to diabetic control rats. The extract also caused reduced serum enzyme (ALT, ALP, bilirubin) levels and produced a succeeding recovery toward their normal values.It can be co...
Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is an oxidizing agent used in industries for the formation of hair sol... more Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is an oxidizing agent used in industries for the formation of hair solution, cosmetics and as a by product during ozonation of water, causes infections in kidney and has been classified as 2B group toxic chemical a probable human carcinogen. In the present study, Sonchus asper non polar n-hexane extract (SAHE) is used against KBrO 3 induced nephrotoxicity in rats. During this study 32 male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and experiment was proceeded for 6 weeks. Results revealed that induction of KBrO 3 in rats significantly reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (p<0.01) while enhanced NORs/cell and telomerase enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation which were markedly improved by co-treatment of SAHE. KBrO 3 also considerably distorted (p<0.01) DNA fragmentation in kidney comparatively to control. These changes are noticeably (p<0.01) reimbursed with treatment of SAHE. These data proved that SAHE extract has ability of DNA fragmentation repairing, reduces rgyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORS), restoring enzyme activity and telomerase enzymes, which might be due to the presence of plant bioactive compounds.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Jun 18, 2011
The protective effects of Sonchus asper methanol extract (SAME) against KBrO 3-induced oxidative ... more The protective effects of Sonchus asper methanol extract (SAME) against KBrO 3-induced oxidative damage in heart tissues of rat were determined in this study. Sprague-Dawley male rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into five groups. Group I: received saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); group II: were injected with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); group III and IV: treated with KBrO 3 and after 48 with SAME (100; 200 mg/kg b.w.) and group V: with SAME (200 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for four weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant decrease in the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD, GSH-Px, GSR, GST, QR, XO) and glutathione (GSH), while increase in the levels of γ-GT, MDA and H 2 O 2 in cardiac samples compared with the control group. Serum levels of CK, CK-MB, LDH, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL were elevated while HDL level was significantly reduced in KBrO 3 group compared with the control. Since SAME treatment reversed these responses dose dependently, it seems likely that S. asper methanol extract can protect the cardiac tissues against KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage.
Sonchus arvensis is used as salad, vegetable and as a human diet in Pakistan, traditionally used ... more Sonchus arvensis is used as salad, vegetable and as a human diet in Pakistan, traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments. This study was designed to investigate the mathanol extract of S. arvensis was evaluated against CCl 4-induced adrenal oxidative stress in rat. The extract was administered to rats after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment (3 ml/kg b.w., 30% in olive oil) twice a week for 4 weeks. CCl 4 induction in rats caused reduction of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px, and QR) while increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS) which are significantly (P<0.01) reversed by mathanol fraction of S. arvensis (CAT, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px, and QR) enzymes. It is inferred that S. arvensis efficiently protects adrenal injuries induced by CCl 4 in rats, possibly through antioxidant effects of bioactive compounds present in the fraction.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Molecular markers; DNA, argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) and telomerase enzymes ... more Molecular markers; DNA, argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) and telomerase enzymes play important role in diagnosis of nephrotoxicity induced by potassium bromate (KBrO 3). In the present study, the effects of Launaea procumbens against KBrO 3 induced molecular changes in male rats are determined. 36 male albino rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 6 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg body weight (b.w.), 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); group II was treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); group III, IV, V and VI were administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with L. procumbens methanolic extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPME), chloroform extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPCE), ethyl acetate extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPEE), and n-hexane extract (200 mg/kg b.w. LPHE), respectively. All the treatments were given twice a week for four weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant alteration in DNA, AgNORs and telomeres enzymes of kidney which was restored with various fractions of L. procumbens might be due the presence of bioactive compounds.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011
Parthenium hysterophorus is used as a vegetable and in the treatment of various human ailments tr... more Parthenium hysterophorus is used as a vegetable and in the treatment of various human ailments traditionally in Pakistan. The current study was arranged to investigate the nutritional importance, microbial inhibition and its potency against free radicals. The results revealed that extract possesses macro elements Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, as well as micro elements including Ni, Li, Pb, Co, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Cd. Scavenging of free radicals revealed that methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus (PM) possesses lowest IC50 (2.5 ± 0.05 µg/ml) comparatively to ascorbic acid (3.7 ± 0.03) and n-hexane extract of P. hysterophorus (PH) (5.1 ± 0.07 µg/ml). The extracts also showed maximum antibacterial potential in various concentrations of n-hexane and methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus. The results revealed that P. hysterophorus contain a remarkable fungal inhibition due to the presence of bioactive constituents. Based on this screening various fractions of P. hysterophorus are recommended for future bioassay guided isolation of bioactive constituents.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is a nephrotoxin which causes renal oxidative stress and cancer in exp... more Potassium bromate (KBrO 3) is a nephrotoxin which causes renal oxidative stress and cancer in experimental animal. In the present study, nephroprotective effects of Launaea procumbens against KBrO 3 induced renal function toxicity were determined. In this study, 24 male albino rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 4 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (1 ml/kg b.w.), group II was treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), groups III and IV were administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with methanolic fractions of L. procumbens (LPME) (100; 200 mg/kg b.w., respectively). All the treatments were given twice a week for 4 weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant alteration in physical and serum markers of kidney. L. procumbens co-administration dose dependently reversed the physical and serum markers nearly to control groups. The results revealed that LPME can be a useful remedy for renal disorders.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 30, 2017
Rumex hastatus leaves have been widely used as food additive and for the treatment of various liv... more Rumex hastatus leaves have been widely used as food additive and for the treatment of various liver ailments. According to our previous studies, ethyle acetate (ERL) and methanolic (MRL) fractions of R. hastatus leaves are an accessible source of natural antioxidants. In the present research work we arranged to investigate the R. hastatus leaves as hepaptoprotective agent verse hepatic damages caused by CCl4. During this project we divided 48 rats into eight groups randomly. CCl4-induced damages were assessed through liver function markers viz.; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Changes in lipid profile were checked by measuring serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (Tg), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Antioxidant status was checked by the activities of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damages and cellular abnormalities at histo level. ...
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Aug 31, 2011
Medicinal plants help in improving the human health that is primarily due to bioactive constituen... more Medicinal plants help in improving the human health that is primarily due to bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and tannins. These compounds play important role in minimizing oxidative stress, cancer, impotency, cardiac dysfunction and microbial inhibition. Euphorbia prostrata (L) is a small prostrate, annual herb found all over the world including Pakistan. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of E. prostrata against oxidative stress and antibacterial potential. Methanolic extract of E. prostrata were used in three different concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 mg/ml. The maximum inhibition was shown at highest concentration of 5 and at 3 mg/ml the moderate inhibition while at 1 mg/ml the minimum inhibition was shown. Similarly concentration of methnolic extract of E. prostrata exhibited excellent scavenging activity. The % scavenging of E. prostrata is directly proportional to the concentration. The order of % scavenging activity is 50 < 100 < 150 < 200 < 250 g/ml. Ascorbic acid is used as negative control
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Launaea procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of renal dysfunction. In the present st... more Launaea procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of renal dysfunction. In the present study, protective effects of L. procumbens against KBrO 3-induced nephrotoxicity in rat were determined. In this study, 24 male albino rats (195 to 200 g) were equally divided into 4 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); Group II was treated with KBrO 3 (30 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); Groups III and IV administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with L. procumbens (100; 200 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for 6 weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant depletion (P < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase, SOD, glutathione-S-transferase, GST, glutathione reductase; GSR, glutathione peroxidase GSH-px and quinone reductas, QR) and glutathione contents while enhanced markedly (P < 0.01) tissue nitrite, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide level in kidney. Coadministration revealed that L. procumbens methanol extract significantly (P < 0.01) protect the liver against KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage by restoring activity of antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation which might be due to the presence plant bioactive constituents.
Background: Sonchus arvesis is traditionally reported in various human ailments including hepatot... more Background: Sonchus arvesis is traditionally reported in various human ailments including hepatotoxicity in Pakistan. Presently we designed to assess the protective effects of methanolic extract of Sonchus arvesis against carbon tetrachloride induced genotoxicity and DNA oxidative damages in hepatic tissues of experimental rats. Methods: 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Sonchus arvensis against CCl 4 induced genotoxicity, DNA damages and antioxidant depletion. Rats of normal control group were given free access of food and water add labitum. Group II rats received 3 ml/kg of CCl 4 (30% in olive oil v/v) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for four weeks. Group III and IV received 1 ml of 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. SME via gavage after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment whereas group V was given 1 ml of silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment. Group VI only received 200 mg/kg b.w. SME. Protective effects of SME were checked by measuring serum markers, activities of antioxidant enzymes, genotoxicity and DNA dmages. Results: Results of the present study showed that treatment of SME reversed the activities of serum marker enzymes and cholesterol profile as depleted with CCl 4 treatment. Activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes of liver tissue homogenate; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were reduced with administration of CCl 4 , which were returned to the control level with SME treatment. CCl 4-induced hepatic cirrhosis decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) and increased lipid peroxidative products (TBARS), were normalized by treatment with SME. Moreover, administration of CCl 4 caused genotoxicity and DNA fragmentation which were significantly restored towards the normal level with SME. Conclusion: These results reveal that treatment of SME may be useful in the prevention of hepatic stress.
Effect of methanolic extract ofRumex hastatusroots (MRR) and its derived fractions, n-hexane (HRR... more Effect of methanolic extract ofRumex hastatusroots (MRR) and its derived fractions, n-hexane (HRR), ethyl acetate (ERR), chloroform (CRR), butanol (BRR), and aqueous extract (ARR), was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepato and testicular toxicity in rats. Intraperitoneal dose of 20 percent CCl4(0.5 ml/kg bw) was administered twice a week for eight weeks to a group of rats. Other groups were given CCl4and various fractions ofR. hastatusroots (200 mg/kg bw). CCl4treatment depleted glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased the concentration of lipid peroxides (TBARS) along with corresponding DNA injuries and histopathological damages. Supplementation with various fractions ofR. hastatusroots (200 mg/kg body weight) attenuated the toxicity of CCl4in liver and testis tissues through improvement in the serological, enzymatic, and histological parameters towards the normal. Posttreatment ofR. hastatusroots (200 mg/kg body weight) also r...
Background: Traditionally various human diseases of kidneys, hormonal imbalance and sexual diseas... more Background: Traditionally various human diseases of kidneys, hormonal imbalance and sexual diseases are treated with Launaea procumbens (L). In the present study protective effects of methanolic extract of Launaea procumbens (LPME) was evaluated against CCl 4-induced oxidative damages in rat testis. Methods: To examine the protective effects of Launaea procumbens on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in male rat, 30 male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups (6 rats). First group was given standard diet and drinking water. Second group received CCl 4 3 ml/kg intraperitoneally (30% in olive oil). Third and forth were given orally 100; 200 mg/kg b.w., in 99.8% dimethyl sulphooxide (DMSO), Launaea procumbens methanolic extracts (LPME) after 48 h of CCl 4 treatment twice a week and sixth group received only LPME in DMSO at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., for four weeks. Protective effects of Launaea procumbens were observed on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, serum reproductive hormonal level, activity of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA damages. Results: Results of the present study revealed that treatment of CCl 4 significantly (p < 0.01) reduced sperm concentration and motility comparatively to controls. Level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, were depleted markedly (p <0.01) with treatment of CCl 4. In addition, CCl 4 induction in rats reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damages. Co-administration of LPME significantly (p <0.01) improved these alterations in improving of hormonal level, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation near to control rats. Conclusion: From the results it is suggested that Launaea procumbens methanolic extract has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damages, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.
Background Carissa opaca leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of male dysfunction and h... more Background Carissa opaca leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of male dysfunction and hormonal disorder as well as in oxidative stress in Pakistan and Asia. The present study was designed to assess the protective effects of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves (MLC) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced reproductive stress in male rats and bioactive constituents responsible for the activity. Methods CCl4 was induced in 42 male rats for eight weeks and checked the protective efficacy of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves at various hormonal imbalances, alteration of antioxidant enzymes, DNA fragmentation levels and lipid peroxidation caused testicular fibrosis in testis while High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for detection of bioactive components. Results HPLC characterization revealed the presence of isoquercitin , hyperoside , vitexin , myricetin and kaempherol. CCl4 caused significant alteration in the secretion of reproductive hormone...
Background: Sonchus asper is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of reproductive dys... more Background: Sonchus asper is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of reproductive dysfunction and oxidative stress. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate chloroform extract of Sonchus asper (SACE) against potassium bromate-induced reproductive stress in male rats. Methods: 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) potassium bromate (KBrO 3) was induced in 36 rats for four weeks and checked the protective efficacy of SACE at various hormonal imbalances, alteration of antioxidant enzymes, and DNA fragmentation levels. High performance chromatography (HPLC) was used for determination of bioactive constituents responsible. Results: The level of hormonal secretion was significantly altered by potassium bromate. DNA fragmentation%, activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phase II metabolizing enzymes viz; glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-tansase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) was decreased while hydrogen per oxide contents and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased with KBrO 3 treatment. Treatment with SACE effectively ameliorated the alterations in the biochemical markers; hormonal and molecular levels while HPLC characterization revealed the presence of catechin, kaempferol, rutin and quercetin. Conclusion: Protective effects of Sonchus asper vs. KBrO 3 induced lipid peroxidation might be due to bioactive compound present in SACE.
The protective effects of Sonchus asper butanol extract against KBrO 3 induced oxidative damage i... more The protective effects of Sonchus asper butanol extract against KBrO 3 induced oxidative damage in kidney of rat were determined in this study. 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 4 groups. Group I was given saline (1 ml/kg b.w., 0.85% NaCl) and DMSO (1 ml/kg b.w.); group II was treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.); group III and IV administered with KBrO 3 and after 48 h with Sonchus asper butanolic extract (SBE) (100; 200 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for five weeks. The results revealed that KBrO 3 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant alteration in physical and serum marker of kidney which were restored with SBE dose dependently revealed that S. asper butanol extract can protect the kidney against KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage.
The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its anti... more The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its antimicrobial activity. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
Background: Sonchus arvensis is used in the treatment of various human aliments as a traditional ... more Background: Sonchus arvensis is used in the treatment of various human aliments as a traditional medicine in Pakistan. In the study its various fractions are characterized for scavenging of diverse free radicals. Results: Results of the present study revealed that various fractions of Sonchus arvensis significantly scavenged the free radicals (DPPH•, ABTS•+, •OH, superoxide), however its methanolic fraction is more potent than other fractions. Significant correlation was found between DPPH•, ABTS•+, superoxide radical and total antioxidant activity with total flavonoids and phenolics contents. Phytochmical analysis revealed the presence kaempferol, quercetin, orientin, rutin, hyperoside, catechin and myricetin. Conclusion: From the present data it is concluded that various fractions of Sonchus arvensis significantly scavenged the free radical, which might be due the presence of polyphenolic constituent.
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