Papers by Linsey Raymaekers
GZ-psychologie, Dec 1, 2010
De betrouwbaarheid van hervonden herinneringen aan seksueel misbruik in de kindertijd vormde jare... more De betrouwbaarheid van hervonden herinneringen aan seksueel misbruik in de kindertijd vormde jarenlang de inzet van een intense discussie binnen de psychologie, psychiatrie en het recht. De intensiteit van het debat is ondertussen danig afgenomen. Het belang van het onderwerp blijft evenwel bestaan. Wetenschappelijk onderzoek suggereert dat het type hervonden herinnering relevant is voor de authenticiteitkwestie. In deze bijdrage beschrijven we de verschillende typologieën en de daarmee gepaard gaande classificatieproblemen. We benadrukken de behoefte aan solide, consistente en repliceerbare classificatiecriteria.
Oxford University Press eBooks, Nov 7, 2013
Consciousness and Cognition, Dec 1, 2011
In two studies, we explored whether susceptibility to false memories and the underestimation of p... more In two studies, we explored whether susceptibility to false memories and the underestimation of prior memories (i.e., forgot-it-all-along effect) tap overlapping memory phenomena. Study 1 investigated this issue by administering the Deese/Roediger-McDermott task (DRM) and the forgot-it-all-along (FIA) task to an undergraduate sample (N = 110). It was furthermore explored how performances on these tasks correlate with clinically relevant traits such as fantasy proneness, dissociative experiences, and cognitive efficiency. Results show that FIA and DRM performances are relatively independent from each other, suggesting that these measures empirically apparently refer to separate dimensions. However, they do not seem to define different profiles in terms of dissociation, fantasy proneness, and cognitive efficiency. Study 2 replicated the finding of relative independence between false memory propensity (as measured with the DRM task) and the underestimation of prior memories (as measured with an autobiographical memory dating task) in people with a history of childhood sexual abuse (N = 35).
Consciousness and Cognition, Dec 1, 2012
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Tijdschrift voor psychotherapie, Aug 1, 2008
Samenvatting Onderzoek laat zien dat er twee typen van hervonden herinneringen bestaan. In het e... more Samenvatting Onderzoek laat zien dat er twee typen van hervonden herinneringen bestaan. In het ene type worden de misbruikherinneringen geleidelijk opgehaald, veelal in de context van therapie. In het andere type worden de herinneringen spontaan – buiten de therapeutische context – hervonden. Voor het laatste type zijn vaker ondersteunende verklaringen van andere personen te vinden dan voor het eerste type. De
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, Dec 1, 2010
Individuals who report to have recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) almost by defin... more Individuals who report to have recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) almost by definition believe that these memories were previously inaccessible for them. We examined whether poor autobiographical memory specificity for all kinds of events (i.e., events not necessarily related to CSA) may underlie such impressions of amnesia. Thus, we examined whether people who report recovered memories of CSA (n ¼ 44) would exhibit more difficulty retrieving specific autobiographical memories compared to people who never forgot their abuse experiences (continuous memory group; n ¼ 42) and people without a history of abuse (controls; n ¼ 26). The standard Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) was administered to these 3 groups along with measures of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Controls were significantly better at retrieving specific autobiographical memories relative to individuals with continuous and recovered CSA memories, who did not differ from each other. Thus, reduced autobiographical memory specificity was not particularly pronounced in people with recovered memories of CSA. Poor autobiographical memory specificity is unlikely to explain the impression of amnesia reported by this group.
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2009
What differentiates those who are able to adapt well to adverse life events (i.e., persons who ar... more What differentiates those who are able to adapt well to adverse life events (i.e., persons who are resilient) from those who are not (e.g., persons who develop post-traumatic stress symptoms)? Previous work suggests that enhanced autobiographical integration of trauma memories is associated with more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms. Extending this line of work, the present study looked at whether the integration of trauma memories, repressive coping and cognitive reactivity are related to post-traumatic stress symptomatology following negative life events among otherwise healthy young adults (N = 213). Results show that while enhanced integration of trauma memories and high levels of dissociation are related to elevated levels of posttraumatic stress, people who generally engage in repressive coping report fewer post-traumatic stress symptoms.
Behavioral Sciences & The Law, Jul 9, 2013
People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the ... more People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Nov 1, 2011
Recent studies have found that processing information according to an evolutionary relevant (i.e.... more Recent studies have found that processing information according to an evolutionary relevant (i.e., survival) scenario improves its subsequent memorability, potentially as a result of fitness advantages gained in the ancestral past. So far, research has not revealed much about any proximate mechanisms that might underlie this so-called survival processing advantage in memory. Intriguingly, research has shown that the memorability of stressful situations is enhanced via the release of stress hormones acting on brain regions involved in memory. Since survival situations habitually involve some degree of stress, in the present study, we investigated whether stress serves as a proximate mechanism to promote survival processing. Participants rated words for their relevance to either a survival or a neutral (moving) scenario after they had been exposed to a psychosocial stressor or a no-stress control condition. Surprise retention tests immediately following the rating task revealed that survival processing and acute stress independently boosted memory performance. These results therefore suggest that stress does not serve as a proximate mechanism of the survival processing advantage in memory.
Reproduction in any form (including the internet) is prohibited without prior permission from the... more Reproduction in any form (including the internet) is prohibited without prior permission from the Society
Nederlands Dagblad, Sep 5, 2017
# The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Rec... more # The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Recent studies have found that processing information according to an evolutionary relevant (i.e., survival) scenario improves its subsequent memorability, potentially as a result of fitness advantages gained in the ancestral past. So far, research has not revealed much about any proximate mechanisms that might underlie this so-called survival processing advantage in memory. Intriguingly, research has shown that the memorability of stressful situations is enhanced via the release of stress hormones acting on brain regions involved in memory. Since survival situations habitually involve some degree of stress, in the present study, we investigated whether stress serves as a proximate mechanism to promote survival processing. Participants rated words for their relevance to either a survival or a neutral (moving) scenario after they had been exposed to a psychosocial stressor or a no-stress control condition. Surprise retention tests immediately following the rating task revealed that survival processing and acute stress independently boosted memory performance. These results therefore suggest that stress does not serve as a proximate mechanism of the survival processing advantage in memory.
Behavioral sciences & the law, Jan 15, 2016
In the eyewitness identification literature, stress and arousal at the time of encoding are consi... more In the eyewitness identification literature, stress and arousal at the time of encoding are considered to adversely influence identification performance. This assumption is in contrast with findings from the neurobiology field of learning and memory, showing that stress and stress hormones are critically involved in forming enduring memories. This discrepancy may be related to methodological differences between the two fields of research, such as the tendency for immediate testing or the use of very short (1-2 hours) retention intervals in eyewitness research, while neurobiology studies insert at least 24 hours. Other differences refer to the extent to which stress-responsive systems (i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) are stimulated effectively under laboratory conditions. The aim of the current study was to conduct an experiment that accounts for the contemporary state of knowledge in both fields. In all, 123 participants witnessed a live staged theft while being expos...
Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2015
Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of... more Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
Sexual Abuse, 2017
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious problem not only in the community but also in institutional... more Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious problem not only in the community but also in institutional settings such as youth-serving organizations, churches, and schools. Although research has started to examine the problem of abuse in institutional settings, there remains a dearth of information about the nature and context of CSA in different employment settings, including those that do not specifically cater to children. In addition, research on the similarities and differences between perpetrators who work with children and other sex offenders is scarce. As such, the present study compared offenders on variables relating to financial/employment lifestyle stability, risk/dangerousness level, abuse opportunity, and victim selection. Data revealed that child abusers who worked with children tended to be better educated, were less likely to be married, had fewer nonsexual convictions, and were more likely to abuse male post-pubescent children compared with intra- and extra-familial offe...
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2016
Sex offender typologies have been developed in an effort to better understand the heterogeneity o... more Sex offender typologies have been developed in an effort to better understand the heterogeneity of sexual offending as well as offenders’ varied risk and therapeutic needs. Perhaps the most well-known and validated child molester typology is the Massachusetts Treatment Center: Child Molester Typology–Version 3 (MTC:CM3). However, this typology was developed and validated using primarily White sex offenders. The current study aimed to replicate this typology in an ethno-racially diverse sample of incarcerated White, Black, and Latino child molesters ( N = 499). Overall, we found that the MTC:CM3 was applicable to non-White child molesters but that there were differences in the proportion of offenders of different ethno-racial groups in Axis I type classifications. We found no differences in Axis II type classifications. Specifically, Black offenders were more often classified as socially incompetent and sexually attracted to adults compared with White and Latino offenders. Whereas Wh...
GZ - Psychologie, 2010
De betrouwbaarheid van hervonden herinneringen aan seksueel misbruik in de kindertijd vormde jare... more De betrouwbaarheid van hervonden herinneringen aan seksueel misbruik in de kindertijd vormde jarenlang de inzet van een intense discussie binnen de psychologie, psychiatrie en het recht. De intensiteit van het debat is ondertussen danig afgenomen. Het belang van het onderwerp blijft evenwel bestaan. Wetenschappelijk onderzoek suggereert dat het type hervonden herinnering relevant is voor de authenticiteitkwestie. In deze bijdrage beschrijven we de verschillende typologieën en de daarmee gepaard gaande classificatieproblemen. We benadrukken de behoefte aan solide, consistente en repliceerbare classificatiecriteria.
Onderzoekers laten zich inspireren door wat zijzelf en anderen hebben bedacht en geobserveerd. So... more Onderzoekers laten zich inspireren door wat zijzelf en anderen hebben bedacht en geobserveerd. Soms gebeurt het dat buitenstaanders, geen onderzoekers dus, zich tegen het wetenschappelijk debat aan bemoeien met rare beweringen. Met dat laatste wordt gedoeld op beweringen die niet voortkomen uit eerder onderzoek, die niet zijn af te leiden uit bestaande theorieën en waarbij technieken worden gebruikt die nergens op lijken te slaan.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2010
Individuals who report to have recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) almost by defin... more Individuals who report to have recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) almost by definition believe that these memories were previously inaccessible for them. We examined whether poor autobiographical memory specificity for all kinds of events (i.e., events not necessarily related to CSA) may underlie such impressions of amnesia. Thus, we examined whether people who report recovered memories of CSA (n = 44) would exhibit more difficulty retrieving specific autobiographical memories compared to people who never forgot their abuse experiences (continuous memory group; n = 42) and people without a history of abuse (controls; n = 26). The standard Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) was administered to these 3 groups along with measures of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Controls were significantly better at retrieving specific autobiographical memories relative to individuals with continuous and recovered CSA memories, who did not differ from each other. Thus, reduced autobiographical memory specificity was not particularly pronounced in people with recovered memories of CSA. Poor autobiographical memory specificity is unlikely to explain the impression of amnesia reported by this group.
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Papers by Linsey Raymaekers