Normally end users are passive users who do not participate in managing their energy consumption.... more Normally end users are passive users who do not participate in managing their energy consumption. International literature is demonstrating that involvement and awareness in facility management can help energy saving. For this reason, it is necessary that the subject becomes active and able to fit inside the energy management information. From this point of view, the Smart Energy Efficient Middleware for Public Spaces (SEEMPubS), a Seventh Framework Programme project, aims to reduce energy consumption in historic and modern public buildings through low economic impact construction works and an efficient ICT network for monitoring, detecting and managing consumption. At the end of this project, consumption data, which were collected within a number of the test rooms, will be available to end users through a Facility Management application (Archibus) that will allow users to see energy consumption data visible in real time, and to perform a different kind of medium and long term analy...
<jats:p>This paper aims to propose a procedure for calculating the energy performance index... more <jats:p>This paper aims to propose a procedure for calculating the energy performance indexes of buildings considering the seasonality of internal gains due to artificial lighting with a monthly quasi-steady-state energy balance. The proposed methodology evaluates the heat gains due to the integrated natural-artificial lighting system with the Lighting Energy Numerical Indicator (LENI). For the evaluation of buildings' global energy performance and for some energy services, this contribution cannot be considered constant annually as depend strongly by climate conditions. The effect of daylighting, type of light sources-luminaires, building orientation and shading devices could influence lighting contribution of the internal heat gains. Then, the proposed methodology evaluates the internal heat gains with monthly energy balances. This methodology was applied to the case study of the "Brancaccio" retirement home in Matera (IT) for which the values of the energy performance indexes were compared with the standard normative approach using constant internal heat gains. The results of this work underline the importance of performing a detailed analysis that considers the availability of natural light in the different months of the year, the efficiency of the different lighting systems and their power installed per unit of area as a function of the lighting comfort requirements in the different types of environments.</jats:p>
2021 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET), 2021
The EN 15193 standard allows the evaluation of energy requirements for artificial lighting of bui... more The EN 15193 standard allows the evaluation of energy requirements for artificial lighting of buildings and the calculation of “Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator” (LENI); it belongs to a general structure which includes all the standards regarding the energy efficiency of buildings in Europe. In Italy a free software tool called LENICALC has been developed, which allows to calculate the LENI according to comprehensive method of the standard. The UNI PdR 77/2020 document has also been published to guide the user of LENICALC in the setting up of the calculation, and, consequently, to apply EN 15193 standard. In order to apply and to test the full procedure, a case study has been selected, consisting in a block of a retirement house building, for which a simulation of baseline and retrofit of the lighting system is proposed. The baseline is a traditional fluorescent-based lighting system; the retrofit leads to a LED-based system, more energy efficient and with better comfort for the occupants and the working personnel. The block consists of a series of inpatients rooms, with private bathrooms and balconies, where guests live, and a corridor: daylight contribution is provided by doors and windows. The LENIsub (i.e. the indicator applied only to a part of the building) has been calculated for the baseline and retrofitted situation, taking into account - as required by the standard - a number of parameters, related to occupancy, daylight, controls, installed power, emergency and standby power. The assessment of the energy saving due to the retrofit is then based on LENIsub improvement of the block, and a detailed analysis of the individual parameters which influence the energy consumption is given. During the work, a series of interpretation items of the standard, not yet considered, have been identified, solved and some improvements to the software have been implemented.
2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT, 2020
Public lighting is one of higher expenditure for municipal administrations, in fact it is an ener... more Public lighting is one of higher expenditure for municipal administrations, in fact it is an energy-intensive service because of its inefficient functioning and consumption. One of the major problems is the lack of information about the actual state of public lighting systems, which would allow us to know its consumption, costs and performance, safety, compliance with standards and potential for improvement. Lunched by ENEA, PELL project has been developed as operative instrument of the Lumiere project, to improve the development of a new efficient and effective management model for public lighting to help turn urban centers into smart cities. This work describes the main goals of the project and the underlying infrastructure: big data platform, portal and related services provided to end users joining the PELL project directives.
2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Data Services (SMDS), 2021
Applications of Big Data to smart cities are nearly limitless. However, challenges emerged with h... more Applications of Big Data to smart cities are nearly limitless. However, challenges emerged with handling data with new magnitude of dimensionality, heterogeneity, required processing timeliness, and the lack of reported development experiences on how to turn Big Data into Smart Data may hinder the adoption of Big Data technologies in delivering smarter city services.This paper reports our experience in developing a Smart Big Data-centric software platform for tracking city performance. Here we examine how to design such a platform by exploiting architectural styles and open source technology for Big data management. We describe the actual development of an instance of it, the PELL Smart City Platform, for processing and managing urban data in the domain of public lighting. In particular, we focus on the formulation and evaluation of key performance indicators related to energy consumption to derive Smart Data from Big Data in the context of public street lighting.
Among the many metrics used to compute the colour rendition of a light source which have been inv... more Among the many metrics used to compute the colour rendition of a light source which have been investigated in recent years, most consider only the spectral power distribution of the light source being tested. To highlight aspects not usually considered in the development of colour rendition metrics, and to propose future directions for alternative approaches consistent with human visual perception, an experiment was conducted to examine colour appearance variations on certain spatial visual content configurations, in other words the effects of illusions under different light sources. Results indicate that stronger simultaneous contrast configurations have a more unpredictable variation in appearance. Therefore, it is proposed that colour spatial distribution should be considered for the future generation of rendering metrics.
The differences included in the new version of the standard prEN15193-1 to calculate the LENI wer... more The differences included in the new version of the standard prEN15193-1 to calculate the LENI were analyzed, especially focusing on the approach to calculate the daylight supply factor (FD,S). The estimation of the daylight availability does not only rely on the calculation of the daylight factor but it also accounts for the climate, the orientation of openings, and the presence of mobile sun shades for glare and thermal control. A sensitivity analysis on these factors was carried out, complemented by a set of case-studies (simple reference rooms with different site and architectural features) for which the LENI was calculated.
Since the discovery of non-visual effect of light, consequences on human psychology and physiolog... more Since the discovery of non-visual effect of light, consequences on human psychology and physiology have been investigated; however, effects on cognition of exposure to different spectral composition have been partially explored. Aim of this paper is an overview on researches developed in this field to compare general approaches and measurements protocols: the scarce knowledge of the physiological mechanisms, as well as the lack of shared methods, techniques, tools and procedures represent the weak point of this research. The impact of different procedures and experimental settings on results is shown, evidencing the need for scientifically consistent and internationally agreed procedures.
The Color-Rendering Index (CRI) for light source is a quantitative measure of the capability to p... more The Color-Rendering Index (CRI) for light source is a quantitative measure of the capability to preserve color appearance of illuminated objects. Recently, CRI has had a renewed interest because of the new LED systems, which usually have a CRI rather low, but a good preservation of color appearance and a pleasant visual appeal. This article presents an experiment performed by human observers to assess the appearance preservation of colors under a set of light sources. Results are then compared with a range of available color rendering indices, in order to assess CRIs variability relative to human judgment.
Lighting analysis models are being integrated into building information models (BIM) quickly. The... more Lighting analysis models are being integrated into building information models (BIM) quickly. The BIM of the Politecnico di Torino (Polito) campus used in the Smart Energy Efficient Middleware for Public Spaces (SEEMPubS) project is an integrated representation of each building to merge architectural, structural, electrical and HVAC elements and components. In the Polito campus there are three types of buildings: historical, modern and contemporary. A special approach has been adopted to model and to exchange data between software about historical buildings because they are characterized by paints, stuccos, etc. The aim of this research was to set a parametric model able to share information without data loss, testing the interoperability between architectural software like Revit Architecture and lighting analysis software like Daysim and Radiance. As the process of exchanging data from Revit to Daysim and Radiance is not direct, Ecotect Analysis was used as an "interoperable bridge" with good results. Three different formats were tested: IFC, gbXML and FBX and for each one problems and possible solutions were analysed. Up to now, Ecotect was used in two different ways: to define material parameters before the export phase and to visualize analytical data obtained from Daysim and Radiance. In our tests some errors have occurred referring to data retention like material properties, but at present the main problems have been solved. Indications about performance of daylighting and energy consumption have been obtained, although a lot of work should still be done. The correct data exchange that we obtained enabled the optimization of the building simulation process by avoiding the need to remodel the same building in the lighting applications.
Normally end users are passive users who do not participate in managing their energy consumption.... more Normally end users are passive users who do not participate in managing their energy consumption. International literature is demonstrating that involvement and awareness in facility management can help energy saving. For this reason, it is necessary that the subject becomes active and able to fit inside the energy management information. From this point of view, the Smart Energy Efficient Middleware for Public Spaces (SEEMPubS), a Seventh Framework Programme project, aims to reduce energy consumption in historic and modern public buildings through low economic impact construction works and an efficient ICT network for monitoring, detecting and managing consumption. At the end of this project, consumption data, which were collected within a number of the test rooms, will be available to end users through a Facility Management application (Archibus) that will allow users to see energy consumption data visible in real time, and to perform a different kind of medium and long term analy...
<jats:p>This paper aims to propose a procedure for calculating the energy performance index... more <jats:p>This paper aims to propose a procedure for calculating the energy performance indexes of buildings considering the seasonality of internal gains due to artificial lighting with a monthly quasi-steady-state energy balance. The proposed methodology evaluates the heat gains due to the integrated natural-artificial lighting system with the Lighting Energy Numerical Indicator (LENI). For the evaluation of buildings' global energy performance and for some energy services, this contribution cannot be considered constant annually as depend strongly by climate conditions. The effect of daylighting, type of light sources-luminaires, building orientation and shading devices could influence lighting contribution of the internal heat gains. Then, the proposed methodology evaluates the internal heat gains with monthly energy balances. This methodology was applied to the case study of the "Brancaccio" retirement home in Matera (IT) for which the values of the energy performance indexes were compared with the standard normative approach using constant internal heat gains. The results of this work underline the importance of performing a detailed analysis that considers the availability of natural light in the different months of the year, the efficiency of the different lighting systems and their power installed per unit of area as a function of the lighting comfort requirements in the different types of environments.</jats:p>
2021 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET), 2021
The EN 15193 standard allows the evaluation of energy requirements for artificial lighting of bui... more The EN 15193 standard allows the evaluation of energy requirements for artificial lighting of buildings and the calculation of “Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator” (LENI); it belongs to a general structure which includes all the standards regarding the energy efficiency of buildings in Europe. In Italy a free software tool called LENICALC has been developed, which allows to calculate the LENI according to comprehensive method of the standard. The UNI PdR 77/2020 document has also been published to guide the user of LENICALC in the setting up of the calculation, and, consequently, to apply EN 15193 standard. In order to apply and to test the full procedure, a case study has been selected, consisting in a block of a retirement house building, for which a simulation of baseline and retrofit of the lighting system is proposed. The baseline is a traditional fluorescent-based lighting system; the retrofit leads to a LED-based system, more energy efficient and with better comfort for the occupants and the working personnel. The block consists of a series of inpatients rooms, with private bathrooms and balconies, where guests live, and a corridor: daylight contribution is provided by doors and windows. The LENIsub (i.e. the indicator applied only to a part of the building) has been calculated for the baseline and retrofitted situation, taking into account - as required by the standard - a number of parameters, related to occupancy, daylight, controls, installed power, emergency and standby power. The assessment of the energy saving due to the retrofit is then based on LENIsub improvement of the block, and a detailed analysis of the individual parameters which influence the energy consumption is given. During the work, a series of interpretation items of the standard, not yet considered, have been identified, solved and some improvements to the software have been implemented.
2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT, 2020
Public lighting is one of higher expenditure for municipal administrations, in fact it is an ener... more Public lighting is one of higher expenditure for municipal administrations, in fact it is an energy-intensive service because of its inefficient functioning and consumption. One of the major problems is the lack of information about the actual state of public lighting systems, which would allow us to know its consumption, costs and performance, safety, compliance with standards and potential for improvement. Lunched by ENEA, PELL project has been developed as operative instrument of the Lumiere project, to improve the development of a new efficient and effective management model for public lighting to help turn urban centers into smart cities. This work describes the main goals of the project and the underlying infrastructure: big data platform, portal and related services provided to end users joining the PELL project directives.
2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Data Services (SMDS), 2021
Applications of Big Data to smart cities are nearly limitless. However, challenges emerged with h... more Applications of Big Data to smart cities are nearly limitless. However, challenges emerged with handling data with new magnitude of dimensionality, heterogeneity, required processing timeliness, and the lack of reported development experiences on how to turn Big Data into Smart Data may hinder the adoption of Big Data technologies in delivering smarter city services.This paper reports our experience in developing a Smart Big Data-centric software platform for tracking city performance. Here we examine how to design such a platform by exploiting architectural styles and open source technology for Big data management. We describe the actual development of an instance of it, the PELL Smart City Platform, for processing and managing urban data in the domain of public lighting. In particular, we focus on the formulation and evaluation of key performance indicators related to energy consumption to derive Smart Data from Big Data in the context of public street lighting.
Among the many metrics used to compute the colour rendition of a light source which have been inv... more Among the many metrics used to compute the colour rendition of a light source which have been investigated in recent years, most consider only the spectral power distribution of the light source being tested. To highlight aspects not usually considered in the development of colour rendition metrics, and to propose future directions for alternative approaches consistent with human visual perception, an experiment was conducted to examine colour appearance variations on certain spatial visual content configurations, in other words the effects of illusions under different light sources. Results indicate that stronger simultaneous contrast configurations have a more unpredictable variation in appearance. Therefore, it is proposed that colour spatial distribution should be considered for the future generation of rendering metrics.
The differences included in the new version of the standard prEN15193-1 to calculate the LENI wer... more The differences included in the new version of the standard prEN15193-1 to calculate the LENI were analyzed, especially focusing on the approach to calculate the daylight supply factor (FD,S). The estimation of the daylight availability does not only rely on the calculation of the daylight factor but it also accounts for the climate, the orientation of openings, and the presence of mobile sun shades for glare and thermal control. A sensitivity analysis on these factors was carried out, complemented by a set of case-studies (simple reference rooms with different site and architectural features) for which the LENI was calculated.
Since the discovery of non-visual effect of light, consequences on human psychology and physiolog... more Since the discovery of non-visual effect of light, consequences on human psychology and physiology have been investigated; however, effects on cognition of exposure to different spectral composition have been partially explored. Aim of this paper is an overview on researches developed in this field to compare general approaches and measurements protocols: the scarce knowledge of the physiological mechanisms, as well as the lack of shared methods, techniques, tools and procedures represent the weak point of this research. The impact of different procedures and experimental settings on results is shown, evidencing the need for scientifically consistent and internationally agreed procedures.
The Color-Rendering Index (CRI) for light source is a quantitative measure of the capability to p... more The Color-Rendering Index (CRI) for light source is a quantitative measure of the capability to preserve color appearance of illuminated objects. Recently, CRI has had a renewed interest because of the new LED systems, which usually have a CRI rather low, but a good preservation of color appearance and a pleasant visual appeal. This article presents an experiment performed by human observers to assess the appearance preservation of colors under a set of light sources. Results are then compared with a range of available color rendering indices, in order to assess CRIs variability relative to human judgment.
Lighting analysis models are being integrated into building information models (BIM) quickly. The... more Lighting analysis models are being integrated into building information models (BIM) quickly. The BIM of the Politecnico di Torino (Polito) campus used in the Smart Energy Efficient Middleware for Public Spaces (SEEMPubS) project is an integrated representation of each building to merge architectural, structural, electrical and HVAC elements and components. In the Polito campus there are three types of buildings: historical, modern and contemporary. A special approach has been adopted to model and to exchange data between software about historical buildings because they are characterized by paints, stuccos, etc. The aim of this research was to set a parametric model able to share information without data loss, testing the interoperability between architectural software like Revit Architecture and lighting analysis software like Daysim and Radiance. As the process of exchanging data from Revit to Daysim and Radiance is not direct, Ecotect Analysis was used as an "interoperable bridge" with good results. Three different formats were tested: IFC, gbXML and FBX and for each one problems and possible solutions were analysed. Up to now, Ecotect was used in two different ways: to define material parameters before the export phase and to visualize analytical data obtained from Daysim and Radiance. In our tests some errors have occurred referring to data retention like material properties, but at present the main problems have been solved. Indications about performance of daylighting and energy consumption have been obtained, although a lot of work should still be done. The correct data exchange that we obtained enabled the optimization of the building simulation process by avoiding the need to remodel the same building in the lighting applications.
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Papers by Laura Blaso