... At dawn on June 29, 1944, the cell door was opened by Henri Gönnet, an officer of the Milice ... more ... At dawn on June 29, 1944, the cell door was opened by Henri Gönnet, an officer of the Milice at Lyon, and several names were called: Krzyzkowski; Schlisselman; Glaeser; Benzimra; Zeizig; Prock; and a seventh that no one now recalls. ...
... As shown in Figure 8, the Prosecutor may commence an investigation only if both he or she and... more ... As shown in Figure 8, the Prosecutor may commence an investigation only if both he or she and the Pre-Trial Chamber have determined that a "reasonable ... 131 The ILC, in early discussions on the question of an international criminal court, proposed adding State culpability. ...
Journal of International Criminal Justice, Sep 1, 2018
In 2017 the International Law Commission adopted 15 Draft Articles, a Draft Preamble, and a Draft... more In 2017 the International Law Commission adopted 15 Draft Articles, a Draft Preamble, and a Draft Annex on Mutual Legal Assistance, comprising the nucleus of what might someday become a new global treaty on crimes against humanity. This essay examines the history of the ILC Draft and analyzes several of its major provisions in light of the existing corpus of international criminal law as well as the work of the Crimes Against Humanity Initiative that preceded it. The essay concludes that the ILC Draft provides an excellent point of departure for the negotiation of a new treaty on crimes against humanity. It incorporates many elements of the Rome Statute, such as the definition of crimes against humanity, and solidifies the obligations of States to prevent and punish crimes against humanity. It also builds upon modern UN conventions on corruption and transnational organized crime to construct a robust model for interstate cooperation, and has other progressive and positive elements. At the same time, the Commission’s work could be enhanced and the new treaty made more robust by addressing certain deficiencies in the draft, many of which would either reinforce the jus cogens nature of the crime or enhance the preventive regime the Draft seeks to bring into existence.
Until the nineteenth century, the map of international law looked much like the world maps of the... more Until the nineteenth century, the map of international law looked much like the world maps of the Middle Ages. Those who used such maps sailed into oceans filled with sea monsters, with whole continents missing, and others labeled Terra Incognita. Slavery was accepted. No woman could own property, much less vote. Torture was normal in criminal investigations, and felonies were punishable by death. Mankind "lived on a darkling plain swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash by night." 3 The nineteenth century brought hope of human progress: the abolition of slavery in most of the world, the woman's suffrage movement in Europe and America, and with the Red Cross, the beginning of humanitarian laws of war. But it also brought machine guns and colonial domination made more efficient by modern transportation and communication. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia limited international law to relationships between states, and still allowed states to conduct their "internal" or "domestic" affairs without hindrance. States had licenses to hunt down their own citizens with impunity. With few exceptions, individuals were not the subjects of international law. New monsters arose in the twentieth century. Nazi and Communist regimes murdered more people than all wars combined. Two World Wars threatened the very foundations of human civilization, and opened the era of Total War, when distinctions between combatants and civilians dissolved. On August 6 and 9, 1945, nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki incinerated 200,000 civilian lives in just three days. The Cold War began an ice age in international relations kept cold by the threat of mutual nuclear annihilation. Colonial wars to hold onto empires, and nationalist wars to break them up left a world filled with military dictators and warlords, where impunity reigned. The United Nations and the human rights conventions Yet on top of the rubble of the twentieth century stood visionary leaders determined to impose world order under law. They created the United Nations, passed the Genocide Convention, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the human rights Covenants. They adopted Conventions against War Crimes, Torture, Slavery, Apartheid, Discrimination, and for the Rights of Women, Children, and Refugees. The United Nations left the Westphalian paradigm in place, because it is an organization of states, represented by governments, not an organization of nations or peoples. Many states are threatened by the claims of nations and peoples. It is little wonder that the United Nations is pro-state and anti-nation. As Leo Kuper, my mentor in genocide studies, observed in his classic book, Genocide , "the sovereign territorial state claims, as an integral part of its sovereignty, the right to commit genocide, or engage in genocidal massacres, against people under its rule, and the United Nations, for all practical purposes, defends this right." 4 To enforce the human rights conventions, the states that constitute the United Nations were unwilling to create the international institutions to enforce them. They ignored one of the four crucial attributes of law.
unconditionally surrendered to the Allies. The IMT tried twenty-two defendants and acquitted thre... more unconditionally surrendered to the Allies. The IMT tried twenty-two defendants and acquitted three; twelve were sentenced to death by hanging, the others to varying terms of imprisonment. 2 Its establishment and judgment was an important watershed event in international law by finding that those who troubled the peace and security of the world and attacked their own people-as well as their neighbors-could be made to answer for their actions before an international tribunal. International crimes, the tribunal wrote, are "committed by men, not by abstract entities," who may be held criminally responsible for transgressing international law. 3 Thus was born-as a practical matter-the field of international criminal law. The inverse of the Nuremberg accountability principle-that all human beings not only have duties but rights under international law-spawned the modern era of international human rights. Yet the promise to build upon the Nuremberg trial and judgment remained unfulfilled for nearly fifty years, and the international criminal tribunal promised in article VI of the 1948 Genocide Convention 4 was never established. Indeed, the Nuremberg precedent notwithstanding, it is worth recalling that in 1994, as
Page 1. Forging a Convention for Crimes Against Humanity Edited by Leila Nadya Sadat Page 2. ... ... more Page 1. Forging a Convention for Crimes Against Humanity Edited by Leila Nadya Sadat Page 2. ... Leila Nadya Sadat is the Henry H. Oberschelp Professor at Washington University School of Law and Director of the Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute. ...
American Journal of International Law, Apr 1, 2019
dos.nsf. 19 Unofficial translation. See original text: "El Gobierno del Perú concede a Bolivia ba... more dos.nsf. 19 Unofficial translation. See original text: "El Gobierno del Perú concede a Bolivia bajo regímenes especiales las más amplias facilidades para la utilización del Puerto de Ilo tanto para canalizar sus operaciones de importación y exportación de mercancías como para el apoyo al desarrollo
.In his book Progress in International Organization, Harvard Professor Manley O. Hudson argued fo... more .In his book Progress in International Organization, Harvard Professor Manley O. Hudson argued for a new world order. This chapter confines itself to addressing the problem of amnesties for the commission of jus cogens crimes - crimes covered by peremptory norms of international law - which may not be set aside by conflicting municipal laws. In the first, Prosecutor v. Furundzija, the ICTY held that not only was the prohibition on torture jus cogens , but also that any amnesty therefore would be inconsistent with international law. Moreover, the Trial Chamber noted that even in the light of an amnesty, a prosecution could be instituted either before a foreign court, an international tribunal, or in their own country under a subsequent regime. Although Furundzija only addressed the issue of amnesty in passing, the question was squarely presented to the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Keywords: amnesty; Furundzija ; jus cogens crimes; Trial Chambe
African journal of international criminal justice, Oct 1, 2020
The authors are grateful to Ashira Vantrees and Madaline George for their excellent research assi... more The authors are grateful to Ashira Vantrees and Madaline George for their excellent research assistance and for all their help with the preparation of this special issue. They also thank Selma Soetenhorst-Hoedt and Ingrid Knotters, both of Eleven International Publishers, for their support and flexibility which allowed for the timely publication of this special issue. ** Charles C. Jalloh is Professor of Law, Florida International University and Member and Chair of the Drafting Committee (seventieth session) and Rapporteur (seventy-first session), International Law Commission.
Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, Jun 1, 2017
On 20 January 2017, the 45th President of the United States of America was sworn in after a bruis... more On 20 January 2017, the 45th President of the United States of America was sworn in after a bruising political campaign that left the country bitterly divided and the US electorate deeply polarised. The winner, Donald J. Trump, garnered 304 electoral college votes to take the White House, but lost the popular vote by an estimated 3,000,000 votes to his chief opponent, Democratic party candidate, Hillary Clinton. 1 Trump ran on a campaign that was anti-trade, anti-immigrant, anti-elitist and often racist and xenophobic. His campaign promises included a ''Muslim ban'' that would prevent any Muslims coming to the US; 2 negative comments about women, African-Americans, Hispanics and the disabled; building a wall on the US-Mexico border that ''Mexico'' would pay for; and an immediate withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Paris Climate Change Agreement, and renegotiation of NAFTA and the NATO Alliance. In short, a broad-side assault on globalisation, racial and religious minorities and the entire postwar international legal system. Trump's negative campaign rhetoric and illiberal policies exposed the shadow-side of US politics, and his election was followed by a surge of hate crimes according to statistics compiled by the Southern Poverty Law Center. 3 His attacks on globalisation resonated with many voters, especially with those who had lost good, well-paying factory jobs as many US companies sought cheaper
The Status of Aggression in International Law from Versailles to Kampalaand What the Future Might... more The Status of Aggression in International Law from Versailles to Kampalaand What the Future Might Hold m. cherif bassiouni i. jus ad bellum and jus in bello: their origins and their differences What we refer to today as international humanitarian law, regulating the use of force by one group against another, began its evolution in several civilizations some 5,000 years ago, thus evidencing the existence of evolving commonly shared human and social values. 1 The principles that emerged from this evolution reveal a certain common humanitarian thread among diverse civilizations of the world, reflecting values such as the preservation of human life and the minimization of harm and hardship to noncombatants, particularly women, children, and the elderly. The observance of jus in bello has been marked by the protagonists' shared interests. The history of jus ad bellum, the legal or moral justification for going to war, is distinct from that of jus in bello. Warring groups rarely share interests or reasons for fighting: more often than not, the protagonists who resort to using force do so to achieve their own particular goals of power and wealth. Because compliance with jus ad bellum has lacked the motivating factor of common interests between protagonists in armed conflict, notwithstanding the apparent 1
American Journal of International Law, Jul 1, 2023
died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 103. A devoted member of the American Society of Inter... more died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 103. A devoted member of the American Society of International Law, Ben, as we knew him, will be sorely missed for his intellect, his dedication to the international rule of law, his inspiration, his irrepressible sense of humor, and his kindness. Born on March 11, 1920, in what was then Transylvania (now Romania), Ben's family emigrated to the United States when he was an infant. He grew up poor, in New York City, and was admitted to City College of New York, and then Harvard Law School. He enlisted during World War II and fought in many major battles in Europe, somehow surviving each close encounter. He endured many hardships as an infantryman, and was later tasked with collecting evidence of Nazi war crimes. This led him to the Nazi extermination camps, scenes of death and devastation that stayed with him for the rest of his life. 1 Following the trial of the major war criminals, the United States prepared to prosecute others in what became known as the subsequent trials. Ben took on the prosecution of the Einsatzgruppen Case, which charged twenty-two Germans for their role in murdering approximately one million people as "part of a systematic program of genocide," as he called it, with crimes against humanity and war crimes. Ben was only twenty-seven years old at the time of the trial, which he stated was a "plea of humanity to law." 2 It was his first case. All twenty-two accused were convicted. Upon returning to the United States after the war, Ben entered law practice alongside his former boss, Nuremberg Prosecutor Telford Taylor, doing run-of-the-mill legal work to support himself and his four children. He was a successful lawyer and did well; and at the same time, he used the experience of World War II to drive a scholarly and activist career for which he would become world famous. He published a series of important books, including
Expert Session (1): Regulatory Framework Topics: Child-Specific and Child-Related Crimes: Recruit... more Expert Session (1): Regulatory Framework Topics: Child-Specific and Child-Related Crimes: Recruitment and Use of Children, Sexual Violence / Trafficking, Education, Attacks on Hospitals / Denial of Humanitarian Access; Legal Instruments / Jurisprudence Other Than Rome Statute; Children’s Rights and Human Rights Law; Humanitarian Law; Law of Peace / Weapons Control Treaties; Gravity: Charging and Sentencing Expert Session (2): Witnesses, Testimony, and Witness Protection Topics: Identifying and Preparing Child Witnesses (in general, and with relation to specific offenses like sexual violence, against girls and boys); Living conditions of children in conflict/postconflict zones (i.e., children in refugee camps, “street children,” children & marabouts, etc.); Support and Witness Protection Issues; Enhancing Child Witness Reliability / Challenging of Factfinding Reparations Expert Session: Global Child Topics: Children’s Vulnerability/Victimhood/Agency; Developmental Factors / Difficulty of Drawing Age Line; Children’s Convention: Rights and Best Interests; Child Protection and Child Participation: Issues of Consent; Children in Militias / Conflict Zones: Roles and Experiences; Child-Friendly Dissemination and Educatio
See SCHEFFER, supra note 3, at 35-44 (discussing the information sharing procedures of various U.... more See SCHEFFER, supra note 3, at 35-44 (discussing the information sharing procedures of various U.S. Government agencies with the ICTY); and at 119-123 (discussing the arrest and eventual transfer to the ICTR of Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, the only indicted fugitive from any of the war crimes tribunals found in the United States).
... At dawn on June 29, 1944, the cell door was opened by Henri Gönnet, an officer of the Milice ... more ... At dawn on June 29, 1944, the cell door was opened by Henri Gönnet, an officer of the Milice at Lyon, and several names were called: Krzyzkowski; Schlisselman; Glaeser; Benzimra; Zeizig; Prock; and a seventh that no one now recalls. ...
... As shown in Figure 8, the Prosecutor may commence an investigation only if both he or she and... more ... As shown in Figure 8, the Prosecutor may commence an investigation only if both he or she and the Pre-Trial Chamber have determined that a "reasonable ... 131 The ILC, in early discussions on the question of an international criminal court, proposed adding State culpability. ...
Journal of International Criminal Justice, Sep 1, 2018
In 2017 the International Law Commission adopted 15 Draft Articles, a Draft Preamble, and a Draft... more In 2017 the International Law Commission adopted 15 Draft Articles, a Draft Preamble, and a Draft Annex on Mutual Legal Assistance, comprising the nucleus of what might someday become a new global treaty on crimes against humanity. This essay examines the history of the ILC Draft and analyzes several of its major provisions in light of the existing corpus of international criminal law as well as the work of the Crimes Against Humanity Initiative that preceded it. The essay concludes that the ILC Draft provides an excellent point of departure for the negotiation of a new treaty on crimes against humanity. It incorporates many elements of the Rome Statute, such as the definition of crimes against humanity, and solidifies the obligations of States to prevent and punish crimes against humanity. It also builds upon modern UN conventions on corruption and transnational organized crime to construct a robust model for interstate cooperation, and has other progressive and positive elements. At the same time, the Commission’s work could be enhanced and the new treaty made more robust by addressing certain deficiencies in the draft, many of which would either reinforce the jus cogens nature of the crime or enhance the preventive regime the Draft seeks to bring into existence.
Until the nineteenth century, the map of international law looked much like the world maps of the... more Until the nineteenth century, the map of international law looked much like the world maps of the Middle Ages. Those who used such maps sailed into oceans filled with sea monsters, with whole continents missing, and others labeled Terra Incognita. Slavery was accepted. No woman could own property, much less vote. Torture was normal in criminal investigations, and felonies were punishable by death. Mankind "lived on a darkling plain swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash by night." 3 The nineteenth century brought hope of human progress: the abolition of slavery in most of the world, the woman's suffrage movement in Europe and America, and with the Red Cross, the beginning of humanitarian laws of war. But it also brought machine guns and colonial domination made more efficient by modern transportation and communication. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia limited international law to relationships between states, and still allowed states to conduct their "internal" or "domestic" affairs without hindrance. States had licenses to hunt down their own citizens with impunity. With few exceptions, individuals were not the subjects of international law. New monsters arose in the twentieth century. Nazi and Communist regimes murdered more people than all wars combined. Two World Wars threatened the very foundations of human civilization, and opened the era of Total War, when distinctions between combatants and civilians dissolved. On August 6 and 9, 1945, nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki incinerated 200,000 civilian lives in just three days. The Cold War began an ice age in international relations kept cold by the threat of mutual nuclear annihilation. Colonial wars to hold onto empires, and nationalist wars to break them up left a world filled with military dictators and warlords, where impunity reigned. The United Nations and the human rights conventions Yet on top of the rubble of the twentieth century stood visionary leaders determined to impose world order under law. They created the United Nations, passed the Genocide Convention, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the human rights Covenants. They adopted Conventions against War Crimes, Torture, Slavery, Apartheid, Discrimination, and for the Rights of Women, Children, and Refugees. The United Nations left the Westphalian paradigm in place, because it is an organization of states, represented by governments, not an organization of nations or peoples. Many states are threatened by the claims of nations and peoples. It is little wonder that the United Nations is pro-state and anti-nation. As Leo Kuper, my mentor in genocide studies, observed in his classic book, Genocide , "the sovereign territorial state claims, as an integral part of its sovereignty, the right to commit genocide, or engage in genocidal massacres, against people under its rule, and the United Nations, for all practical purposes, defends this right." 4 To enforce the human rights conventions, the states that constitute the United Nations were unwilling to create the international institutions to enforce them. They ignored one of the four crucial attributes of law.
unconditionally surrendered to the Allies. The IMT tried twenty-two defendants and acquitted thre... more unconditionally surrendered to the Allies. The IMT tried twenty-two defendants and acquitted three; twelve were sentenced to death by hanging, the others to varying terms of imprisonment. 2 Its establishment and judgment was an important watershed event in international law by finding that those who troubled the peace and security of the world and attacked their own people-as well as their neighbors-could be made to answer for their actions before an international tribunal. International crimes, the tribunal wrote, are "committed by men, not by abstract entities," who may be held criminally responsible for transgressing international law. 3 Thus was born-as a practical matter-the field of international criminal law. The inverse of the Nuremberg accountability principle-that all human beings not only have duties but rights under international law-spawned the modern era of international human rights. Yet the promise to build upon the Nuremberg trial and judgment remained unfulfilled for nearly fifty years, and the international criminal tribunal promised in article VI of the 1948 Genocide Convention 4 was never established. Indeed, the Nuremberg precedent notwithstanding, it is worth recalling that in 1994, as
Page 1. Forging a Convention for Crimes Against Humanity Edited by Leila Nadya Sadat Page 2. ... ... more Page 1. Forging a Convention for Crimes Against Humanity Edited by Leila Nadya Sadat Page 2. ... Leila Nadya Sadat is the Henry H. Oberschelp Professor at Washington University School of Law and Director of the Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute. ...
American Journal of International Law, Apr 1, 2019
dos.nsf. 19 Unofficial translation. See original text: "El Gobierno del Perú concede a Bolivia ba... more dos.nsf. 19 Unofficial translation. See original text: "El Gobierno del Perú concede a Bolivia bajo regímenes especiales las más amplias facilidades para la utilización del Puerto de Ilo tanto para canalizar sus operaciones de importación y exportación de mercancías como para el apoyo al desarrollo
.In his book Progress in International Organization, Harvard Professor Manley O. Hudson argued fo... more .In his book Progress in International Organization, Harvard Professor Manley O. Hudson argued for a new world order. This chapter confines itself to addressing the problem of amnesties for the commission of jus cogens crimes - crimes covered by peremptory norms of international law - which may not be set aside by conflicting municipal laws. In the first, Prosecutor v. Furundzija, the ICTY held that not only was the prohibition on torture jus cogens , but also that any amnesty therefore would be inconsistent with international law. Moreover, the Trial Chamber noted that even in the light of an amnesty, a prosecution could be instituted either before a foreign court, an international tribunal, or in their own country under a subsequent regime. Although Furundzija only addressed the issue of amnesty in passing, the question was squarely presented to the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Keywords: amnesty; Furundzija ; jus cogens crimes; Trial Chambe
African journal of international criminal justice, Oct 1, 2020
The authors are grateful to Ashira Vantrees and Madaline George for their excellent research assi... more The authors are grateful to Ashira Vantrees and Madaline George for their excellent research assistance and for all their help with the preparation of this special issue. They also thank Selma Soetenhorst-Hoedt and Ingrid Knotters, both of Eleven International Publishers, for their support and flexibility which allowed for the timely publication of this special issue. ** Charles C. Jalloh is Professor of Law, Florida International University and Member and Chair of the Drafting Committee (seventieth session) and Rapporteur (seventy-first session), International Law Commission.
Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, Jun 1, 2017
On 20 January 2017, the 45th President of the United States of America was sworn in after a bruis... more On 20 January 2017, the 45th President of the United States of America was sworn in after a bruising political campaign that left the country bitterly divided and the US electorate deeply polarised. The winner, Donald J. Trump, garnered 304 electoral college votes to take the White House, but lost the popular vote by an estimated 3,000,000 votes to his chief opponent, Democratic party candidate, Hillary Clinton. 1 Trump ran on a campaign that was anti-trade, anti-immigrant, anti-elitist and often racist and xenophobic. His campaign promises included a ''Muslim ban'' that would prevent any Muslims coming to the US; 2 negative comments about women, African-Americans, Hispanics and the disabled; building a wall on the US-Mexico border that ''Mexico'' would pay for; and an immediate withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Paris Climate Change Agreement, and renegotiation of NAFTA and the NATO Alliance. In short, a broad-side assault on globalisation, racial and religious minorities and the entire postwar international legal system. Trump's negative campaign rhetoric and illiberal policies exposed the shadow-side of US politics, and his election was followed by a surge of hate crimes according to statistics compiled by the Southern Poverty Law Center. 3 His attacks on globalisation resonated with many voters, especially with those who had lost good, well-paying factory jobs as many US companies sought cheaper
The Status of Aggression in International Law from Versailles to Kampalaand What the Future Might... more The Status of Aggression in International Law from Versailles to Kampalaand What the Future Might Hold m. cherif bassiouni i. jus ad bellum and jus in bello: their origins and their differences What we refer to today as international humanitarian law, regulating the use of force by one group against another, began its evolution in several civilizations some 5,000 years ago, thus evidencing the existence of evolving commonly shared human and social values. 1 The principles that emerged from this evolution reveal a certain common humanitarian thread among diverse civilizations of the world, reflecting values such as the preservation of human life and the minimization of harm and hardship to noncombatants, particularly women, children, and the elderly. The observance of jus in bello has been marked by the protagonists' shared interests. The history of jus ad bellum, the legal or moral justification for going to war, is distinct from that of jus in bello. Warring groups rarely share interests or reasons for fighting: more often than not, the protagonists who resort to using force do so to achieve their own particular goals of power and wealth. Because compliance with jus ad bellum has lacked the motivating factor of common interests between protagonists in armed conflict, notwithstanding the apparent 1
American Journal of International Law, Jul 1, 2023
died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 103. A devoted member of the American Society of Inter... more died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 103. A devoted member of the American Society of International Law, Ben, as we knew him, will be sorely missed for his intellect, his dedication to the international rule of law, his inspiration, his irrepressible sense of humor, and his kindness. Born on March 11, 1920, in what was then Transylvania (now Romania), Ben's family emigrated to the United States when he was an infant. He grew up poor, in New York City, and was admitted to City College of New York, and then Harvard Law School. He enlisted during World War II and fought in many major battles in Europe, somehow surviving each close encounter. He endured many hardships as an infantryman, and was later tasked with collecting evidence of Nazi war crimes. This led him to the Nazi extermination camps, scenes of death and devastation that stayed with him for the rest of his life. 1 Following the trial of the major war criminals, the United States prepared to prosecute others in what became known as the subsequent trials. Ben took on the prosecution of the Einsatzgruppen Case, which charged twenty-two Germans for their role in murdering approximately one million people as "part of a systematic program of genocide," as he called it, with crimes against humanity and war crimes. Ben was only twenty-seven years old at the time of the trial, which he stated was a "plea of humanity to law." 2 It was his first case. All twenty-two accused were convicted. Upon returning to the United States after the war, Ben entered law practice alongside his former boss, Nuremberg Prosecutor Telford Taylor, doing run-of-the-mill legal work to support himself and his four children. He was a successful lawyer and did well; and at the same time, he used the experience of World War II to drive a scholarly and activist career for which he would become world famous. He published a series of important books, including
Expert Session (1): Regulatory Framework Topics: Child-Specific and Child-Related Crimes: Recruit... more Expert Session (1): Regulatory Framework Topics: Child-Specific and Child-Related Crimes: Recruitment and Use of Children, Sexual Violence / Trafficking, Education, Attacks on Hospitals / Denial of Humanitarian Access; Legal Instruments / Jurisprudence Other Than Rome Statute; Children’s Rights and Human Rights Law; Humanitarian Law; Law of Peace / Weapons Control Treaties; Gravity: Charging and Sentencing Expert Session (2): Witnesses, Testimony, and Witness Protection Topics: Identifying and Preparing Child Witnesses (in general, and with relation to specific offenses like sexual violence, against girls and boys); Living conditions of children in conflict/postconflict zones (i.e., children in refugee camps, “street children,” children & marabouts, etc.); Support and Witness Protection Issues; Enhancing Child Witness Reliability / Challenging of Factfinding Reparations Expert Session: Global Child Topics: Children’s Vulnerability/Victimhood/Agency; Developmental Factors / Difficulty of Drawing Age Line; Children’s Convention: Rights and Best Interests; Child Protection and Child Participation: Issues of Consent; Children in Militias / Conflict Zones: Roles and Experiences; Child-Friendly Dissemination and Educatio
See SCHEFFER, supra note 3, at 35-44 (discussing the information sharing procedures of various U.... more See SCHEFFER, supra note 3, at 35-44 (discussing the information sharing procedures of various U.S. Government agencies with the ICTY); and at 119-123 (discussing the arrest and eventual transfer to the ICTR of Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, the only indicted fugitive from any of the war crimes tribunals found in the United States).
Uploads
Papers by Leila Sadat