International journal of business, economics and management, Mar 26, 2024
This study was set to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanza... more This study was set to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. According to literature millions of the pe ople under the globe depend on the pension funds as their principal sources of income at their retirement age. This study adopted a descriptive design to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. The study uses regression analysis approach to examine the effect of determinants on financial performance of pension funds. Data were collected from National Social Security Fund (NSSF)'s financial statements for the period from 2005 to 2022. Different tests were employed such as normality test, heteroscedasticity test multicolliniality test and autocorrelation test in multiple regression modelling. The findings from this study revealed that investments and contribution density have a positive relationship to return on assets. However, the age of the contributors has depicted a weak and insignificant relationship to the return on assets of the pension fund under investigation. Therefore, it is recommended that the pension funds have to put more efforts on its investments as well as contribution density which are key contributors to the financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. Contribution/Originality: Theoretically, pension funds are established to manage collect contributions from employees and make payments to the retirees on time. However, in practice the performance of the pension funds have been facing challenges to pay retirement benefits to the retirees on time. It is therefore important to investigate the determinants of financial performance of pension funds. 1. INTRODUCTION The need for better managed pension funds in many countries has been compelled by rising populations around the world. Most countries both developed and developing are now faced with increasing longevity in life expectance and reduced fertility rates that seem to threaten the sustainability of traditional pay-as-you-go pension systems. The contributions funded by the working population will not suffice in meeting the pensions of the elderly. In response, countries are increasingly shifting their pension systems toward partial or full funding. Pension funds need to be well managed in order to have a better balance between the available f unds generated from available investment opportunities and payment to retirees. This normally depends on the performance of pension funds to deliver stable and sufficient income to cover retirement benefits. Thus, the performance of pension funds is quite crucial since they play a very significant role in the economy of any country. In the United States of
This study examines factors influencing profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania. This study... more This study examines factors influencing profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania. This study uses the CRDB Bank Plc. as a case study to investigate the bank specific factors and macroeconomic factors on bank profitability. The study uses correlational research design to examine the bank-specific factors and macroeconomic factors on profitability. Time series data for the period spanning from 2008 to 2019 were used. The results indicate that bank-specific factors such as bank deposit, non-performing loans and bank expense are statistically significant on bank profitability. On the other hand, macroeconomic factors were found to be insignificant on bank profitability. The implication for this study is that commercial banks policies should be geared towards bank-specific factors in enhancing profitability rather than concentrating on macroeconomic factors which does contribute to bank's profitability. The bank deposits mobilized should be used effectively in realizing profitability. In addition, bank expenses should be cost effective in order to enhance bank profitability. Contribution/Originality: The study contributes to the existing literature on the factors that contributes to profitability in the commercial bank sector using correlational research design within a time series data spanning a period from 2008 to 2019. The paper contributes that-specific factors such as bank deposit, non-performing loans and bank expense are statistically significant to bank profitability and bank deposits be mobilized effectively to realize profitability. managers, depositors, investors, shareholders and government should be aware of the factors that influencing profitability of banks so as to avoid bank failures and be able to make good investment decisions. Many studies were conducted on profitability of commercial banks in the Sub-saharan region (Kiganda, 2014;
The System on a programmable chip (SOPC) is a hot technique nowadays, widely used in control, mon... more The System on a programmable chip (SOPC) is a hot technique nowadays, widely used in control, monitor and assist systems. As a combined technique of programmable logic device (PLD) and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), SOPC often integrates hard-core or soft-core CPU, digital signal processor (DSP), memory, I/O and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Since its high flexibility and cheap price, SOPC is considered as the future of semiconductor industry. To grasp the idea of SOPC, I chose it as my final project -to see how the SOPC works via making a small game. So the whole task can be divided into two parts, studying the SOPC as well as the related knowledge and completing my design. As the task is based on Nios II Embedded Evaluation Kit, I decided to implement my game involving the FPGA and the LCD touch screen, the two important parts of the system. My design is a game named Hunt Mice.
espanolEl objetivo de este estudio es el analisis de las cremaciones ibericas (ss. V-IV a.C.) des... more espanolEl objetivo de este estudio es el analisis de las cremaciones ibericas (ss. V-IV a.C.) descubiertas en la necropolis de Las Penas (Zarra, Valencia), con la finalidad de interpretar los procesos postdeposicionales y tener una interpretacion correcta de aspectos patologicos y de paleodieta. Ademas, ha sido posible definir una estrategia para distinguir el impacto termico en los huesos arqueologicos y clasificarlos como incinerados o carbonizados, y reconstruir los habitos alimentarios teniendo en cuenta los factores diageneticos. La espectrometria de emision optica de plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-OES) se ha empleado para la determinacion de elementos mayoritarios, elementos traza y de tierras raras (REE). Los contenidos de las REE han sido homogeneos tanto para los carbonizados como para los quemados, y los perfiles de paleodieta aplicados han mostrado que las diferencias estan relacionadas con el impacto termico oseo sufrido y no con la dieta individual. EnglishThe aim ...
El estudio se centra en una serie de mangos de marfil de características morfotécnicas similares,... more El estudio se centra en una serie de mangos de marfil de características morfotécnicas similares, recuperados en espacios de hábitat y funerarios ibéricos y datados entre el s. IV y el s. II a. C. Se trata de objetos de prestigio al alcance de una élite aristocrática, que han sido elaborados con materias primas exóticas (marfil) y técnicas decorativas inusuales que indican una especialización. A través de análisis de composición por infrarrojo cercano por Transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR) y de fluorescencia de rayos X (pXRF) se ha podido documentar la presencia de incrustaciones de ámbar adheridas a la superficie de los mangos mediante el uso del estaño como soldadura blanda y el empleo de apliques metálicos de bronce y plata. Se debate sobre la procedencia de estas piezas y sobre el conocimiento técnico artesanal necesario para fabricarlas.
In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality o... more In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality of institutions. To address our objective, we use the fixed effect and GMM models for analysis. A sample of 36 countries from Sub Saharan Africa was used for period from 2001 to 2015. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant negative effect on economic growth. Institutional quality on the other hand has a positive influence on economic growth. Considering the interaction term between FDI and institutional quality, the empirical evidence show that institutional quality enhances the spillover effect from FDI and therefore do matter for economic growth. Using the GMM model the results confirm that good institutions are necessary for mediating the effects of FDI for economic growth.
Abstract. This study examines the effect of quality of institutions on economic growth in five Ea... more Abstract. This study examines the effect of quality of institutions on economic growth in five East African countries using panel data for the period spanning from1996 to 2015. Fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) models were employed for estimation. Using Hausman test, FE was earmarked to be more appropriate model for this study. The empirical findings show that the quality of institution significantly impacts on economic growth. Political stability, government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption in particular are significant variables. Regulatory quality, voice and accountability indicate insignificant effect on growth. The results suggest that governance that promotes strong institutions is an important condition for economic growth. Particular focus should be focused on enhancing political stability, government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption so as to attain economic development. Keywords. Institutional quality, Economic growth, East ...
In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality o... more In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality of institutions. To address our objective, we use the fixed effect and GMM models for analysis. A sample of 36 countries from Sub Saharan Africa was used for period from 2001 to 2015. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant negative effect on economic growth. Institutional quality on the other hand has a positive influence on economic growth. Considering the interaction term between FDI and institutional quality, the empirical evidence show that institutional quality enhances the spillover effect from FDI and therefore do matter for economic growth. Using the GMM model the results confirm that good institutions are necessary for mediating the effects of FDI for economic growth.
Abstract. This paper estimates the magnitude of, and changes to the subterranean economy in Tanza... more Abstract. This paper estimates the magnitude of, and changes to the subterranean economy in Tanzania, as well as its adverse effect on tax revenue during the 1966-2015 period. To achieve this objective, the paper applies currency -ratio due to Gutmann and the traditional currency-demand approach a la Tanzi. Despite their differences, both approaches suggest the existence of a substantial size of the subterranean economy in Tanzania. This persistent large size of the subterranean economy is an important consequence of economic and social policies over the period of study. Using the currency-demand approach, the paper finds that tax evasion is positively correlated with the size and growth of the subterranean economy. Indeed, results show that the size of the subterranean economy and the magnitude of tax evasion over the 1966-2015 period, are on average, 32.7 percent and 6.6 percent of official GDP respectively. The implication of the results is that minimization of the size of the su...
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences
Social Enterprise is a fast emerging discipline that generates social impact through an entrepren... more Social Enterprise is a fast emerging discipline that generates social impact through an entrepreneurial approach. This study examined social enterprise and its contribution on economic growth. The theoretical analysis provides that social enterprises are essential for economic growth and play a significant contribution in local economies through job creation, improving quality of life for the local people and provision of valuable social services. The potential of social enterprises to contribute to economic growth depends on broader system of different layers in the society to influence and increase impact as change agent. Therefore, social enterprises should be included into economic processes such as in doing business, in economic policy making and in financial policy. However, a number of basic policy and legal measures are necessary to create an appropriate environment for social entserprise development that can improve the impact of social entrepreneurship in the society. The principle requirement is to create a favorable legal context which treats social enterprises similar to business organizations.
International journal of business, economics and management, Mar 26, 2024
This study was set to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanza... more This study was set to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. According to literature millions of the pe ople under the globe depend on the pension funds as their principal sources of income at their retirement age. This study adopted a descriptive design to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. The study uses regression analysis approach to examine the effect of determinants on financial performance of pension funds. Data were collected from National Social Security Fund (NSSF)'s financial statements for the period from 2005 to 2022. Different tests were employed such as normality test, heteroscedasticity test multicolliniality test and autocorrelation test in multiple regression modelling. The findings from this study revealed that investments and contribution density have a positive relationship to return on assets. However, the age of the contributors has depicted a weak and insignificant relationship to the return on assets of the pension fund under investigation. Therefore, it is recommended that the pension funds have to put more efforts on its investments as well as contribution density which are key contributors to the financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. Contribution/Originality: Theoretically, pension funds are established to manage collect contributions from employees and make payments to the retirees on time. However, in practice the performance of the pension funds have been facing challenges to pay retirement benefits to the retirees on time. It is therefore important to investigate the determinants of financial performance of pension funds. 1. INTRODUCTION The need for better managed pension funds in many countries has been compelled by rising populations around the world. Most countries both developed and developing are now faced with increasing longevity in life expectance and reduced fertility rates that seem to threaten the sustainability of traditional pay-as-you-go pension systems. The contributions funded by the working population will not suffice in meeting the pensions of the elderly. In response, countries are increasingly shifting their pension systems toward partial or full funding. Pension funds need to be well managed in order to have a better balance between the available f unds generated from available investment opportunities and payment to retirees. This normally depends on the performance of pension funds to deliver stable and sufficient income to cover retirement benefits. Thus, the performance of pension funds is quite crucial since they play a very significant role in the economy of any country. In the United States of
This study examines factors influencing profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania. This study... more This study examines factors influencing profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania. This study uses the CRDB Bank Plc. as a case study to investigate the bank specific factors and macroeconomic factors on bank profitability. The study uses correlational research design to examine the bank-specific factors and macroeconomic factors on profitability. Time series data for the period spanning from 2008 to 2019 were used. The results indicate that bank-specific factors such as bank deposit, non-performing loans and bank expense are statistically significant on bank profitability. On the other hand, macroeconomic factors were found to be insignificant on bank profitability. The implication for this study is that commercial banks policies should be geared towards bank-specific factors in enhancing profitability rather than concentrating on macroeconomic factors which does contribute to bank's profitability. The bank deposits mobilized should be used effectively in realizing profitability. In addition, bank expenses should be cost effective in order to enhance bank profitability. Contribution/Originality: The study contributes to the existing literature on the factors that contributes to profitability in the commercial bank sector using correlational research design within a time series data spanning a period from 2008 to 2019. The paper contributes that-specific factors such as bank deposit, non-performing loans and bank expense are statistically significant to bank profitability and bank deposits be mobilized effectively to realize profitability. managers, depositors, investors, shareholders and government should be aware of the factors that influencing profitability of banks so as to avoid bank failures and be able to make good investment decisions. Many studies were conducted on profitability of commercial banks in the Sub-saharan region (Kiganda, 2014;
The System on a programmable chip (SOPC) is a hot technique nowadays, widely used in control, mon... more The System on a programmable chip (SOPC) is a hot technique nowadays, widely used in control, monitor and assist systems. As a combined technique of programmable logic device (PLD) and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), SOPC often integrates hard-core or soft-core CPU, digital signal processor (DSP), memory, I/O and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Since its high flexibility and cheap price, SOPC is considered as the future of semiconductor industry. To grasp the idea of SOPC, I chose it as my final project -to see how the SOPC works via making a small game. So the whole task can be divided into two parts, studying the SOPC as well as the related knowledge and completing my design. As the task is based on Nios II Embedded Evaluation Kit, I decided to implement my game involving the FPGA and the LCD touch screen, the two important parts of the system. My design is a game named Hunt Mice.
espanolEl objetivo de este estudio es el analisis de las cremaciones ibericas (ss. V-IV a.C.) des... more espanolEl objetivo de este estudio es el analisis de las cremaciones ibericas (ss. V-IV a.C.) descubiertas en la necropolis de Las Penas (Zarra, Valencia), con la finalidad de interpretar los procesos postdeposicionales y tener una interpretacion correcta de aspectos patologicos y de paleodieta. Ademas, ha sido posible definir una estrategia para distinguir el impacto termico en los huesos arqueologicos y clasificarlos como incinerados o carbonizados, y reconstruir los habitos alimentarios teniendo en cuenta los factores diageneticos. La espectrometria de emision optica de plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-OES) se ha empleado para la determinacion de elementos mayoritarios, elementos traza y de tierras raras (REE). Los contenidos de las REE han sido homogeneos tanto para los carbonizados como para los quemados, y los perfiles de paleodieta aplicados han mostrado que las diferencias estan relacionadas con el impacto termico oseo sufrido y no con la dieta individual. EnglishThe aim ...
El estudio se centra en una serie de mangos de marfil de características morfotécnicas similares,... more El estudio se centra en una serie de mangos de marfil de características morfotécnicas similares, recuperados en espacios de hábitat y funerarios ibéricos y datados entre el s. IV y el s. II a. C. Se trata de objetos de prestigio al alcance de una élite aristocrática, que han sido elaborados con materias primas exóticas (marfil) y técnicas decorativas inusuales que indican una especialización. A través de análisis de composición por infrarrojo cercano por Transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR) y de fluorescencia de rayos X (pXRF) se ha podido documentar la presencia de incrustaciones de ámbar adheridas a la superficie de los mangos mediante el uso del estaño como soldadura blanda y el empleo de apliques metálicos de bronce y plata. Se debate sobre la procedencia de estas piezas y sobre el conocimiento técnico artesanal necesario para fabricarlas.
In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality o... more In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality of institutions. To address our objective, we use the fixed effect and GMM models for analysis. A sample of 36 countries from Sub Saharan Africa was used for period from 2001 to 2015. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant negative effect on economic growth. Institutional quality on the other hand has a positive influence on economic growth. Considering the interaction term between FDI and institutional quality, the empirical evidence show that institutional quality enhances the spillover effect from FDI and therefore do matter for economic growth. Using the GMM model the results confirm that good institutions are necessary for mediating the effects of FDI for economic growth.
Abstract. This study examines the effect of quality of institutions on economic growth in five Ea... more Abstract. This study examines the effect of quality of institutions on economic growth in five East African countries using panel data for the period spanning from1996 to 2015. Fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) models were employed for estimation. Using Hausman test, FE was earmarked to be more appropriate model for this study. The empirical findings show that the quality of institution significantly impacts on economic growth. Political stability, government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption in particular are significant variables. Regulatory quality, voice and accountability indicate insignificant effect on growth. The results suggest that governance that promotes strong institutions is an important condition for economic growth. Particular focus should be focused on enhancing political stability, government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption so as to attain economic development. Keywords. Institutional quality, Economic growth, East ...
In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality o... more In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality of institutions. To address our objective, we use the fixed effect and GMM models for analysis. A sample of 36 countries from Sub Saharan Africa was used for period from 2001 to 2015. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant negative effect on economic growth. Institutional quality on the other hand has a positive influence on economic growth. Considering the interaction term between FDI and institutional quality, the empirical evidence show that institutional quality enhances the spillover effect from FDI and therefore do matter for economic growth. Using the GMM model the results confirm that good institutions are necessary for mediating the effects of FDI for economic growth.
Abstract. This paper estimates the magnitude of, and changes to the subterranean economy in Tanza... more Abstract. This paper estimates the magnitude of, and changes to the subterranean economy in Tanzania, as well as its adverse effect on tax revenue during the 1966-2015 period. To achieve this objective, the paper applies currency -ratio due to Gutmann and the traditional currency-demand approach a la Tanzi. Despite their differences, both approaches suggest the existence of a substantial size of the subterranean economy in Tanzania. This persistent large size of the subterranean economy is an important consequence of economic and social policies over the period of study. Using the currency-demand approach, the paper finds that tax evasion is positively correlated with the size and growth of the subterranean economy. Indeed, results show that the size of the subterranean economy and the magnitude of tax evasion over the 1966-2015 period, are on average, 32.7 percent and 6.6 percent of official GDP respectively. The implication of the results is that minimization of the size of the su...
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences
Social Enterprise is a fast emerging discipline that generates social impact through an entrepren... more Social Enterprise is a fast emerging discipline that generates social impact through an entrepreneurial approach. This study examined social enterprise and its contribution on economic growth. The theoretical analysis provides that social enterprises are essential for economic growth and play a significant contribution in local economies through job creation, improving quality of life for the local people and provision of valuable social services. The potential of social enterprises to contribute to economic growth depends on broader system of different layers in the society to influence and increase impact as change agent. Therefore, social enterprises should be included into economic processes such as in doing business, in economic policy making and in financial policy. However, a number of basic policy and legal measures are necessary to create an appropriate environment for social entserprise development that can improve the impact of social entrepreneurship in the society. The principle requirement is to create a favorable legal context which treats social enterprises similar to business organizations.
Uploads
Papers by Moga Jilenga