Page 1. 46 International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) Vol.... more Page 1. 46 International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2009 The Drop Activation Function of the Fast Congestion Notification (FN) Mechanism Mohammed M. Kadhum1 and Suhaidi Hassan2 ...
The performance of TCP-based applications depends on the selection of queue management mechanism ... more The performance of TCP-based applications depends on the selection of queue management mechanism in network routers and how well its control decisions are made. Fast Congestion Notification (FN) mechanism enables the two control decisions, packet admissions and congestion control directing, to be made together. This permits sending congestion avoidance notification as early as required, even if the queue is almost empty, and preventing congestion notification even if the queue is almost full but the arrival rate is manageable. This leads to good buffer utilization and proper congestion detection. This paper describes the linear packet dropping/marking probability of the Fast Congestion Notification (FN) and examines its properties as a function of the average arrival rate for fixed values of allowed/desired change in queue level. The paper also studies how changes in the queue affect the dropping/marking probability function shape. The paper shows that the larger the drain (growth) in the queue, the smaller (larger) is the largest average arrival rate that can be endured before activating the packet drop/mark mechanism, and the larger (smaller) the maximum achievable drop probability.
Morris worm showed the Internet community for the first time in 1988 that a worm could bring the ... more Morris worm showed the Internet community for the first time in 1988 that a worm could bring the Internet down in hours. Worm requires host computer with an address on the Internet and any of several vulnerabilities to create a big threat environment. We propose intelligent early system detection mechanism for detecting internet worm. The mechanism of our technique is concerned with detecting the internet worm and stealthy internet worm. The average of failure connections by using Artificial Immune System (AIS) is the main factor that our technique depends on in detecting the worm. In this paper, we show that our algorithm can detect new types of worms. This paper shows that intelligent Failure Connection Algorithm (IFCA) operation is faster than traditional algorithm in detecting worms.
Congestion in computer network happens when the number of transmission requests exceeds the trans... more Congestion in computer network happens when the number of transmission requests exceeds the transmission capacity at a certain network point (called a bottle-neck resource) at a specific time. Congestion usually causes buffers overflow and packets loss. The purpose of congestion management is to maintain a balance between the transmission requests and the transmission capacity so that the bottle-neck resources operate on an optimal level, and the sources are offered service in a way that assures fairness. Fast Congestion Notification (FN) is one of the proactive queue management mechanisms that limits the queuing delay and achieves the maximum link utilization possible with minimum packet drops. In this paper we present a detailed performance comparison of the Linear FN algorithm to RED based on the results obtained through simulations. The paper shows how FN can be tuned for different window size (Ws) and periods of time constant (T) to achieve higher link utilization; reduce the queuing delay, and lower packet drop ratio.
The efficiency of queue management mechanisms depends on how well their control decisions helps i... more The efficiency of queue management mechanisms depends on how well their control decisions helps in satisfying their objectives regarding congestion avoidance and control. These decisions are implemented and compelled during the design of the packet mark probability and the mark activation functions. If a packet is dropped / marked rather than being allowed to the buffer, a congestion notification is delivered and the congestion avoidance and control carries on to be applied at the router. If the queue management mechanism realizes the need to apply more aggressive congestion control, the recently arrived packet should be dropped to provide early congestion notification. In this paper, we design a new packet drop probability function with a built-in drop activation function for Fast Congestion Notification (FN) mechanism. This design enables the two control decisions, packet admissions and congestion control directing, to be made along with each other. This permits sending congestion avoidance notification as early as required even if the queue is almost empty, and preventing congestion notification even if the queue is almost full but the arrival rate is controllable, thus the buffer is fully utilized and the congestion is detected properly.
While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requi... more While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requirements, there is a necessity for modern network control mechanisms that can control the network traffic to meet the users’ service requirements. Optimizing the network utilization by improving the network performance can help to accommodate more users and thus increase operators’ profits. Controlling the congestion at the gateway leads to better performance of the network. Sending congestion signal sooner can be of great benefit to the TCP connection. In this paper, we propose Fast Congestion Notification (FN) mechanism which is a new method for managing the gateway queues and fast sending of congestion signal to the sender. We tested our mechanism on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) packets which have higher priority; we achieved good results in terms of faster congestion signal propagation and better network utilization. Our analysis and simulations results show that the use of FN over TCP connections sharing one bottleneck can improve the throughput, having less loss, less delay time, and better network utilization.
Page 1. Traffic Signature Detection for Unknown Internet Worms MOHAMMAD M. RASHEED and MOHAMMED M... more Page 1. Traffic Signature Detection for Unknown Internet Worms MOHAMMAD M. RASHEED and MOHAMMED M. KADHUM Graduate Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia ...
Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is a method for informing the sender about the network con... more Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is a method for informing the sender about the network congestion. ECN activation on gateways marks packets instead of dropping them thus lead to faster congestion signal propagation and good network utilization. ECN mechanism does not require generation of additional traffic at the router and can be implemented in the data path of routers. In this paper, we use ns2.29 to investigate the effect of ECN on short TCP sessions using random early detection (RED) gateways. We evaluate the effect of a number of parameters, including buffer size, window size, increase/decrease parameters, size of transfer and RED parameters. We verify that the use of ECN for a slightly big number of short TCP sessions sharing one bottleneck can improve the throughput with fairly less delay.
While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requi... more While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requirements, there is a necessity for modern network control mechanisms that can control the network traffic to meet the users' service requirements. Optimizing the network utilization by improving the network performance can help to accommodate more users and thus increase operators' profits. Controlling the congestion at the gateway leads to better performance of the network. Sending congestion signal sooner can be of great benefit to the TCP connection. In this paper, we propose Fast Congestion Notification (FCN) mechanism which is a new method for managing the gateway queues and fast sending of congestion signal to the sender. We tested our mechanism on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) packets which have higher priority; we achieved good results in terms of faster congestion signal propagation and better network utilization. Our analysis and simulations results show that the use of FCN over TCP connections sharing one bottleneck can improve the throughput, having less loss, less delay time, and better network utilization. user experiences the performance during using the network services. It is important to network operators and the owners as well, to improve efficiency the network performance as well as its utilization.
... A Traffic Signature-based Algorithm for Detecting Scanning Internet Worms. Mohammad M. Rashee... more ... A Traffic Signature-based Algorithm for Detecting Scanning Internet Worms. Mohammad M. Rasheed, Osman Ghazali, Norita Md Norwawi, Mohammed M. Kadhum. Abstract. Internet worms that spread autonomously from one ...
Skip to Main Content. IEEE.org | IEEE Xplore Digital Library | IEEE Standards Association | Spect... more Skip to Main Content. IEEE.org | IEEE Xplore Digital Library | IEEE Standards Association | Spectrum Online | More IEEE Sites. IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Search Term(s). Advanced Search | Preferences | Search Tips. ...
Based on the available secured files and information in the companies; they need to be secured by... more Based on the available secured files and information in the companies; they need to be secured by a very high system. Currently, most of companies are accessed by normal keys in order to access the offices. But, those keys might be lost or stolen. In addition, those doors can be hacked easily by thieves. This raises a need to improve security of such information by limiting access only to those who have authorization to do so. The traditional means, as well as biometric traits other than iris, do provide such control; yet they still have several limitations in verifying the identity of individuals. In this presents the design of an Iris Recognition System for accessing Building and Control System.
The effectiveness of queue management mechanisms relies on how good their control decisions will ... more The effectiveness of queue management mechanisms relies on how good their control decisions will help in satisfying their goals regarding congestion avoidance and control. These decisions are implemented and compelled during the design of the packet mark probability and the mark activation functions. The design of fast congestion notification (FN) drop/mark probability function enables the two control decisions, packet admissions and congestion control directing, to be made along with each other. This permits sending congestion avoidance notification as early as required even if the queue is almost empty, and preventing congestion notification even if the queue is almost full but the arrival rate is controllable. This leads to good buffer utilization and proper congestion detection. This paper demonstrates the drop/mark probability functions that the fast FN policy would exercise for different values of optimal queue size, and also for a specific optimal queue size value.
Page 1. The FN Quadratic Marking/Dropping Probability Function Mohammed M. Kadhum and Suhaidi Has... more Page 1. The FN Quadratic Marking/Dropping Probability Function Mohammed M. Kadhum and Suhaidi Hassan InterNetWorks Research Group College of Arts and Sciences Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, MALAYSIA kadhum@uum.edu.my | suhaidi@uum.edu.my ...
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2010
For the last few years, a number of routing protocols have been proposed and implemented for wire... more For the last few years, a number of routing protocols have been proposed and implemented for wireless mobile Ad hoc network. The motivation behind this paper is to discover and study the pause time effects on Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and find out the node pause time optimal setting for this protocol where Reference Point Group Mobility (RPGM) model uses as a reference model. In order to come across the best performance of a particular routing protocol, there a need to examine a number of parameters with different performance and analyze the optimal setting of that protocol and its network configuration environment. This experiment, the speed is fixed with 20 ms in all scenarios while the pause time is varying from scenario to another to observe the optimal setting of the pause time on protocol's performance in this configuration. The outcome of the experiment are analyzed with different parameters such as varying number of nodes, increasing connections, increasing pause time and discussed the effects of the pause time. The results have shown that the value of the pause time can be affecting the performance of the protocol. In the experiment, we found that the lower pause time give better performance of the protocol. However, this paper is a part of ongoing research on AODV protocol in link failure. Thus, it is important to figure out the factors which can be involved the performance of the protocol.
Fast Congestion Notification (FN) is one of the proactive queue management mechanisms that practi... more Fast Congestion Notification (FN) is one of the proactive queue management mechanisms that practices congestion avoidance to help avoid the beginning of congestion by marking or dropping packets before the routers queue gets full; and exercises congestion control, when congestion avoidance fails, by increasing the rate of packet marking or dropping. Technically, FN avoids the queue overflows by controlling the instantaneous queue size below the optimal queue size, and control congestion by keeping the average arrival rate close to the outgoing link capacity. Upon arrival of each packet, FN uses the instantaneous queue size and the average arrival rate to calculate the packet marking or dropping probability. FN marks or drops packets at fairly regular intervals to avoid long intermarking intervals and clustered packet marks or drops. Too many marked or dropped packets close together can cause global synchronization, and also too long packet intermarking times between marked or dropped packets can cause large queue sizes and congestion. This paper shows how FN controls the queue size, avoids congestion, and reduces global synchronization by uniformizing marked or dropped packet intervals.
Nowadays, Internet congestion is indicated by dropping packets when the routers buffers are full,... more Nowadays, Internet congestion is indicated by dropping packets when the routers buffers are full, or by dropping packets according to an AQM mechanism such as RED. Many mechanisms have been proposed to eliminate or minimize the effect of packet loss and tackle the consequential inefficiency due the retransmission of the dropped packets. Fast congestion notification (FN), that has been evaluated through simulation and the results have shown an improvement in the average packet delay, reduces the queuing delay and avoids the buffer overflows by controlling the size of instantaneous queue size below the optimal queue size, and control congestion by keeping the average arrival rate close to the outgoing link capacity. Upon arrival of each packet, FN uses the instantaneous queue size and the average arrival rate to compute the packet marking/dropping probability. This paper examines the characteristics of the FN linear packet dropping/marking probability as a function of required/allowed changes in queue level for fixed values of average arrival rate. The paper also studies how changes in the average arrival rate affect the dropping/marking probability function shape.
Page 1. 46 International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) Vol.... more Page 1. 46 International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2009 The Drop Activation Function of the Fast Congestion Notification (FN) Mechanism Mohammed M. Kadhum1 and Suhaidi Hassan2 ...
The performance of TCP-based applications depends on the selection of queue management mechanism ... more The performance of TCP-based applications depends on the selection of queue management mechanism in network routers and how well its control decisions are made. Fast Congestion Notification (FN) mechanism enables the two control decisions, packet admissions and congestion control directing, to be made together. This permits sending congestion avoidance notification as early as required, even if the queue is almost empty, and preventing congestion notification even if the queue is almost full but the arrival rate is manageable. This leads to good buffer utilization and proper congestion detection. This paper describes the linear packet dropping/marking probability of the Fast Congestion Notification (FN) and examines its properties as a function of the average arrival rate for fixed values of allowed/desired change in queue level. The paper also studies how changes in the queue affect the dropping/marking probability function shape. The paper shows that the larger the drain (growth) in the queue, the smaller (larger) is the largest average arrival rate that can be endured before activating the packet drop/mark mechanism, and the larger (smaller) the maximum achievable drop probability.
Morris worm showed the Internet community for the first time in 1988 that a worm could bring the ... more Morris worm showed the Internet community for the first time in 1988 that a worm could bring the Internet down in hours. Worm requires host computer with an address on the Internet and any of several vulnerabilities to create a big threat environment. We propose intelligent early system detection mechanism for detecting internet worm. The mechanism of our technique is concerned with detecting the internet worm and stealthy internet worm. The average of failure connections by using Artificial Immune System (AIS) is the main factor that our technique depends on in detecting the worm. In this paper, we show that our algorithm can detect new types of worms. This paper shows that intelligent Failure Connection Algorithm (IFCA) operation is faster than traditional algorithm in detecting worms.
Congestion in computer network happens when the number of transmission requests exceeds the trans... more Congestion in computer network happens when the number of transmission requests exceeds the transmission capacity at a certain network point (called a bottle-neck resource) at a specific time. Congestion usually causes buffers overflow and packets loss. The purpose of congestion management is to maintain a balance between the transmission requests and the transmission capacity so that the bottle-neck resources operate on an optimal level, and the sources are offered service in a way that assures fairness. Fast Congestion Notification (FN) is one of the proactive queue management mechanisms that limits the queuing delay and achieves the maximum link utilization possible with minimum packet drops. In this paper we present a detailed performance comparison of the Linear FN algorithm to RED based on the results obtained through simulations. The paper shows how FN can be tuned for different window size (Ws) and periods of time constant (T) to achieve higher link utilization; reduce the queuing delay, and lower packet drop ratio.
The efficiency of queue management mechanisms depends on how well their control decisions helps i... more The efficiency of queue management mechanisms depends on how well their control decisions helps in satisfying their objectives regarding congestion avoidance and control. These decisions are implemented and compelled during the design of the packet mark probability and the mark activation functions. If a packet is dropped / marked rather than being allowed to the buffer, a congestion notification is delivered and the congestion avoidance and control carries on to be applied at the router. If the queue management mechanism realizes the need to apply more aggressive congestion control, the recently arrived packet should be dropped to provide early congestion notification. In this paper, we design a new packet drop probability function with a built-in drop activation function for Fast Congestion Notification (FN) mechanism. This design enables the two control decisions, packet admissions and congestion control directing, to be made along with each other. This permits sending congestion avoidance notification as early as required even if the queue is almost empty, and preventing congestion notification even if the queue is almost full but the arrival rate is controllable, thus the buffer is fully utilized and the congestion is detected properly.
While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requi... more While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requirements, there is a necessity for modern network control mechanisms that can control the network traffic to meet the users’ service requirements. Optimizing the network utilization by improving the network performance can help to accommodate more users and thus increase operators’ profits. Controlling the congestion at the gateway leads to better performance of the network. Sending congestion signal sooner can be of great benefit to the TCP connection. In this paper, we propose Fast Congestion Notification (FN) mechanism which is a new method for managing the gateway queues and fast sending of congestion signal to the sender. We tested our mechanism on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) packets which have higher priority; we achieved good results in terms of faster congestion signal propagation and better network utilization. Our analysis and simulations results show that the use of FN over TCP connections sharing one bottleneck can improve the throughput, having less loss, less delay time, and better network utilization.
Page 1. Traffic Signature Detection for Unknown Internet Worms MOHAMMAD M. RASHEED and MOHAMMED M... more Page 1. Traffic Signature Detection for Unknown Internet Worms MOHAMMAD M. RASHEED and MOHAMMED M. KADHUM Graduate Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia ...
Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is a method for informing the sender about the network con... more Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is a method for informing the sender about the network congestion. ECN activation on gateways marks packets instead of dropping them thus lead to faster congestion signal propagation and good network utilization. ECN mechanism does not require generation of additional traffic at the router and can be implemented in the data path of routers. In this paper, we use ns2.29 to investigate the effect of ECN on short TCP sessions using random early detection (RED) gateways. We evaluate the effect of a number of parameters, including buffer size, window size, increase/decrease parameters, size of transfer and RED parameters. We verify that the use of ECN for a slightly big number of short TCP sessions sharing one bottleneck can improve the throughput with fairly less delay.
While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requi... more While computer networks go towards dealing with varied traffic types with different service requirements, there is a necessity for modern network control mechanisms that can control the network traffic to meet the users' service requirements. Optimizing the network utilization by improving the network performance can help to accommodate more users and thus increase operators' profits. Controlling the congestion at the gateway leads to better performance of the network. Sending congestion signal sooner can be of great benefit to the TCP connection. In this paper, we propose Fast Congestion Notification (FCN) mechanism which is a new method for managing the gateway queues and fast sending of congestion signal to the sender. We tested our mechanism on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) packets which have higher priority; we achieved good results in terms of faster congestion signal propagation and better network utilization. Our analysis and simulations results show that the use of FCN over TCP connections sharing one bottleneck can improve the throughput, having less loss, less delay time, and better network utilization. user experiences the performance during using the network services. It is important to network operators and the owners as well, to improve efficiency the network performance as well as its utilization.
... A Traffic Signature-based Algorithm for Detecting Scanning Internet Worms. Mohammad M. Rashee... more ... A Traffic Signature-based Algorithm for Detecting Scanning Internet Worms. Mohammad M. Rasheed, Osman Ghazali, Norita Md Norwawi, Mohammed M. Kadhum. Abstract. Internet worms that spread autonomously from one ...
Skip to Main Content. IEEE.org | IEEE Xplore Digital Library | IEEE Standards Association | Spect... more Skip to Main Content. IEEE.org | IEEE Xplore Digital Library | IEEE Standards Association | Spectrum Online | More IEEE Sites. IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Search Term(s). Advanced Search | Preferences | Search Tips. ...
Based on the available secured files and information in the companies; they need to be secured by... more Based on the available secured files and information in the companies; they need to be secured by a very high system. Currently, most of companies are accessed by normal keys in order to access the offices. But, those keys might be lost or stolen. In addition, those doors can be hacked easily by thieves. This raises a need to improve security of such information by limiting access only to those who have authorization to do so. The traditional means, as well as biometric traits other than iris, do provide such control; yet they still have several limitations in verifying the identity of individuals. In this presents the design of an Iris Recognition System for accessing Building and Control System.
The effectiveness of queue management mechanisms relies on how good their control decisions will ... more The effectiveness of queue management mechanisms relies on how good their control decisions will help in satisfying their goals regarding congestion avoidance and control. These decisions are implemented and compelled during the design of the packet mark probability and the mark activation functions. The design of fast congestion notification (FN) drop/mark probability function enables the two control decisions, packet admissions and congestion control directing, to be made along with each other. This permits sending congestion avoidance notification as early as required even if the queue is almost empty, and preventing congestion notification even if the queue is almost full but the arrival rate is controllable. This leads to good buffer utilization and proper congestion detection. This paper demonstrates the drop/mark probability functions that the fast FN policy would exercise for different values of optimal queue size, and also for a specific optimal queue size value.
Page 1. The FN Quadratic Marking/Dropping Probability Function Mohammed M. Kadhum and Suhaidi Has... more Page 1. The FN Quadratic Marking/Dropping Probability Function Mohammed M. Kadhum and Suhaidi Hassan InterNetWorks Research Group College of Arts and Sciences Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, MALAYSIA kadhum@uum.edu.my | suhaidi@uum.edu.my ...
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2010
For the last few years, a number of routing protocols have been proposed and implemented for wire... more For the last few years, a number of routing protocols have been proposed and implemented for wireless mobile Ad hoc network. The motivation behind this paper is to discover and study the pause time effects on Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and find out the node pause time optimal setting for this protocol where Reference Point Group Mobility (RPGM) model uses as a reference model. In order to come across the best performance of a particular routing protocol, there a need to examine a number of parameters with different performance and analyze the optimal setting of that protocol and its network configuration environment. This experiment, the speed is fixed with 20 ms in all scenarios while the pause time is varying from scenario to another to observe the optimal setting of the pause time on protocol's performance in this configuration. The outcome of the experiment are analyzed with different parameters such as varying number of nodes, increasing connections, increasing pause time and discussed the effects of the pause time. The results have shown that the value of the pause time can be affecting the performance of the protocol. In the experiment, we found that the lower pause time give better performance of the protocol. However, this paper is a part of ongoing research on AODV protocol in link failure. Thus, it is important to figure out the factors which can be involved the performance of the protocol.
Fast Congestion Notification (FN) is one of the proactive queue management mechanisms that practi... more Fast Congestion Notification (FN) is one of the proactive queue management mechanisms that practices congestion avoidance to help avoid the beginning of congestion by marking or dropping packets before the routers queue gets full; and exercises congestion control, when congestion avoidance fails, by increasing the rate of packet marking or dropping. Technically, FN avoids the queue overflows by controlling the instantaneous queue size below the optimal queue size, and control congestion by keeping the average arrival rate close to the outgoing link capacity. Upon arrival of each packet, FN uses the instantaneous queue size and the average arrival rate to calculate the packet marking or dropping probability. FN marks or drops packets at fairly regular intervals to avoid long intermarking intervals and clustered packet marks or drops. Too many marked or dropped packets close together can cause global synchronization, and also too long packet intermarking times between marked or dropped packets can cause large queue sizes and congestion. This paper shows how FN controls the queue size, avoids congestion, and reduces global synchronization by uniformizing marked or dropped packet intervals.
Nowadays, Internet congestion is indicated by dropping packets when the routers buffers are full,... more Nowadays, Internet congestion is indicated by dropping packets when the routers buffers are full, or by dropping packets according to an AQM mechanism such as RED. Many mechanisms have been proposed to eliminate or minimize the effect of packet loss and tackle the consequential inefficiency due the retransmission of the dropped packets. Fast congestion notification (FN), that has been evaluated through simulation and the results have shown an improvement in the average packet delay, reduces the queuing delay and avoids the buffer overflows by controlling the size of instantaneous queue size below the optimal queue size, and control congestion by keeping the average arrival rate close to the outgoing link capacity. Upon arrival of each packet, FN uses the instantaneous queue size and the average arrival rate to compute the packet marking/dropping probability. This paper examines the characteristics of the FN linear packet dropping/marking probability as a function of required/allowed changes in queue level for fixed values of average arrival rate. The paper also studies how changes in the average arrival rate affect the dropping/marking probability function shape.
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