Papers by Marcos Tobias-Machado
International Braz J Urol, Jun 1, 2006
Objectives: Describe and illustrate a new minimally invasive approach for the radical resection o... more Objectives: Describe and illustrate a new minimally invasive approach for the radical resection of inguinal lymph nodes. Surgical Technique: From the experience acquired in 7 operated cases, the video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) technique was standardized in the following surgical steps: 1) Positioning of the inferior member extended in abduction, 2) Introduction of 3 work ports distal to the femoral triangle, 3) Expansion of the working space with gas, 4) Retrograde separation of the skin flap with a harmonic scalpel, 5) Identification and dissection of the long saphenous vein until the oval fossa, 6) Identification of the femoral artery, 7) Distal ligature of the lymph node block at the femoral triangle vertex, 8) Liberation of the lymph node tissue up to the great vessels above the femoral floor, 9) Distal ligature of the long saphenous vein, 10) Control of the saphenofemoral junction, 11) Final liberation of the surgical specimen and endoscopic view showing that all the tissue of the region was resected, 12) Removal of the surgical specimen through the initial orifice, 13) Vacuum drainage and synthesis of the incisions. Comments: The VEIL technique is feasible and allows the radical removal of inguinal lymph nodes in the same limits of conventional surgery dissection. The main anatomic repairs of open surgery can be identified by the endoscopic view, confirming the complete removal of the lymphatic tissue within the pre-established limits. Preliminary results suggest that this technique can potentially reduce surgical morbidity. Oncologic follow-up is yet premature to demonstrate equivalence on the oncologic point of view.
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
During initial risk assessments, the metastatic potential of prostate cancer (PCa) may not be ful... more During initial risk assessments, the metastatic potential of prostate cancer (PCa) may not be fully considered. The tumor's multicentric origin, which is associated with genetic mutations, may explain existing treatment limitations. Investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in patients with different stages of PCa may therefore increase understanding of the mechanisms associated with the development of castration resistance. The present study examined the association between HER2 expression and the histologic features of PCa subjected to radical prostatectomy (RP) and evaluated the role of testosterone suppression in HER2 expression. In group 1, specimens from individuals who underwent RP without prior neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were included (n=42). In group 2 (PCa with ADT), specimens from individuals who underwent RP and received neoadjuvant cyproterone acetate during distinct periods (200 mg daily for 1-24 months) were included (n=150; cohort derived from a previous study). Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 was associated with prognostic factors such as perineural invasion, extra-prostatic disease, T stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), angiolymphatic invasion and surgical margins. Univariate regression analysis indicated that perineural invasion, PSA, International Society of Urological Pathology, angiolymphatic invasion, margin, T stage and neoadjuvant ADT was associated with HER2 expression. Ordinal regression analysis indicated a significant effect of neoadjuvant ADT alone on HER2 expression (P<0.001). In addition, regression analysis indicated a significant effect of neoadjuvant ADT alone on HER2 expression (odd ratio=0.01; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.02; P<0.001). HER2 was expressed in PCa samples but was not associated with known prognostic factors. The use of short-acting ADT and the consequent blockage of testosterone effect may suppress the expression of HER2 in PCa cells.
International Braz J Urol, Jun 1, 2006
Objectives: Describe and illustrate a new minimally invasive approach for the radical resection o... more Objectives: Describe and illustrate a new minimally invasive approach for the radical resection of inguinal lymph nodes. Surgical Technique: From the experience acquired in 7 operated cases, the video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) technique was standardized in the following surgical steps: 1) Positioning of the inferior member extended in abduction, 2) Introduction of 3 work ports distal to the femoral triangle, 3) Expansion of the working space with gas, 4) Retrograde separation of the skin flap with a harmonic scalpel, 5) Identification and dissection of the long saphenous vein until the oval fossa, 6) Identification of the femoral artery, 7) Distal ligature of the lymph node block at the femoral triangle vertex, 8) Liberation of the lymph node tissue up to the great vessels above the femoral floor, 9) Distal ligature of the long saphenous vein, 10) Control of the saphenofemoral junction, 11) Final liberation of the surgical specimen and endoscopic view showing that all the tissue of the region was resected, 12) Removal of the surgical specimen through the initial orifice, 13) Vacuum drainage and synthesis of the incisions. Comments: The VEIL technique is feasible and allows the radical removal of inguinal lymph nodes in the same limits of conventional surgery dissection. The main anatomic repairs of open surgery can be identified by the endoscopic view, confirming the complete removal of the lymphatic tissue within the pre-established limits. Preliminary results suggest that this technique can potentially reduce surgical morbidity. Oncologic follow-up is yet premature to demonstrate equivalence on the oncologic point of view.
International braz j urol, 2021
Prostate cancer is the most common invasive cancer in men. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a defini... more Prostate cancer is the most common invasive cancer in men. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a definitive treatment option, but biochemical recurrence can reach 40%. Salvage lymphadenectomy is a relatively recent approach to oligometasis and has been rapidly diffused primarily due to improvement in imaging diagnosis and results showing possibly promising therapy. A systematic literature review was performed in March 2020, according to the PRISMA statement. We excluded studies with patients with suspicion or confirmation of visceral and / or bone metastases. A total of 27 articles were included in the study. All studies evaluated were single arm, and there were no randomized studies in the literature. A total of 1,714 patients received salvage lymphadenectomy after previous treatment for localized prostate cancer. RP was the most used initial therapeutic approach, and relapses were based on PET / CT diagnosis, with Coline-11C being the most widely used radiopharmaceutical. Biochemical response rates ranged from 0% to 80%. The 5 years -Free Survival Biochemical recurrence was analyzed in 16 studies with rates of 0% up to 56.1%. The articles do not present high levels of evidence to draw strong conclusions. However, even if significant rates of biochemical recurrence are not evident in all studies, therapy directed to lymph node metastases may present good oncological results and postpone the onset of systemic therapy. The long-term impact in overall survival and quality of life, as well as the best strategies for case selection remains to be determined.
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
During initial risk assessments, the metastatic potential of prostate cancer (PCa) may not be ful... more During initial risk assessments, the metastatic potential of prostate cancer (PCa) may not be fully considered. The tumor's multicentric origin, which is associated with genetic mutations, may explain existing treatment limitations. Investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in patients with different stages of PCa may therefore increase understanding of the mechanisms associated with the development of castration resistance. The present study examined the association between HER2 expression and the histologic features of PCa subjected to radical prostatectomy (RP) and evaluated the role of testosterone suppression in HER2 expression. In group 1, specimens from individuals who underwent RP without prior neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were included (n=42). In group 2 (PCa with ADT), specimens from individuals who underwent RP and received neoadjuvant cyproterone acetate during distinct periods (200 mg daily for 1-24 months) were included (n=150; cohort derived from a previous study). Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 was associated with prognostic factors such as perineural invasion, extra-prostatic disease, T stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), angiolymphatic invasion and surgical margins. Univariate regression analysis indicated that perineural invasion, PSA, International Society of Urological Pathology, angiolymphatic invasion, margin, T stage and neoadjuvant ADT was associated with HER2 expression. Ordinal regression analysis indicated a significant effect of neoadjuvant ADT alone on HER2 expression (P<0.001). In addition, regression analysis indicated a significant effect of neoadjuvant ADT alone on HER2 expression (odd ratio=0.01; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.02; P<0.001). HER2 was expressed in PCa samples but was not associated with known prognostic factors. The use of short-acting ADT and the consequent blockage of testosterone effect may suppress the expression of HER2 in PCa cells.
Tumor Biology, 2018
Prostate cancer presents itself in a heterogeneous way with both aggressive and indolent forms. D... more Prostate cancer presents itself in a heterogeneous way with both aggressive and indolent forms. Despite the controversy surrounding its use, prostate-specific antigen screening ultimately leads to a greater number of diagnosed patients. One of the biggest challenges in clinical practice is to select the right patients for biopsy and, among diagnosed patients, to differentiate tumors with an indolent course from those with an unfavorable prognosis, in order to determine the best therapeutic decision for each case, avoiding unnecessary interventions. Currently, several types of biomarkers are available for clinical use in patients with prostate cancer, which include blood-based (prostate-specific antigen, Prostate Health IndexÒ, 4K scoreÒ); urine sample-based (PCA3, SelectMDxÒ, ExoDx Prostate IntelliScoreÒ); and biopsy, transurethral resection, or radical prostatectomy tissue-based (ConfirmMDxÒ, OncotypeÒ, ProlarisÒ, DecipherÒ). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of evidence and to highlight recent advances in the evaluation and diagnosis of prostate cancer, with emphasis on biomarkers related to diagnosis and to prognostic evaluation of localized prostate cancer.
Tumor Biology, 2018
Prostate cancer presents itself in a heterogeneous way with both aggressive and indolent forms. D... more Prostate cancer presents itself in a heterogeneous way with both aggressive and indolent forms. Despite the controversy surrounding its use, prostate-specific antigen screening ultimately leads to a greater number of diagnosed patients. One of the biggest challenges in clinical practice is to select the right patients for biopsy and, among diagnosed patients, to differentiate tumors with an indolent course from those with an unfavorable prognosis, in order to determine the best therapeutic decision for each case, avoiding unnecessary interventions. Currently, several types of biomarkers are available for clinical use in patients with prostate cancer, which include blood-based (prostate-specific antigen, Prostate Health IndexÒ, 4K scoreÒ); urine sample-based (PCA3, SelectMDxÒ, ExoDx Prostate IntelliScoreÒ); and biopsy, transurethral resection, or radical prostatectomy tissue-based (ConfirmMDxÒ, OncotypeÒ, ProlarisÒ, DecipherÒ). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of evidence and to highlight recent advances in the evaluation and diagnosis of prostate cancer, with emphasis on biomarkers related to diagnosis and to prognostic evaluation of localized prostate cancer.
Frontiers in Oncology, 2018
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that lends itself toward numerous th... more Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that lends itself toward numerous therapeutic options depending on its risk stratification. One of the greatest challenges in PCa urologic practice is to select patients who should be referred for biopsy and, for those patients who are diagnosed with cancer, to differentiate between patients with indolent disease from those with an unfavorable prognosis and, to determine ideal patient management and avoid unnecessary interventions. Accordingly, there is a growing body of literature reporting immunohistochemical studies with the objective of determining a prostate cancer prognosis. Among the most frequent biomarkers studied are Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG. Based on these findings, we systematically reviewed articles that assessed the role of these main prognostic markers in prostate cancer. Methods: Consistent with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search throughout the Web of Science and PubMed Medline databases. We considered all types of studies evaluating the role of Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG immunohistochemical analysis in prostate cancer until July 2017. Results: We identified 361 articles, 44 of which were summarized in this review. Diagnostically, no single immunohistochemical marker was able to define a tumor as benign or malignant. Prognostically, Ki-67, p53, and MYC were related to the tumor grade given by Gleason score and to the tumor stage (higher levels related to higher tumor grade). Furthermore, Ki-67 was also related to higher PSA levels, shorter disease-free intervals and shorter tumor-specific survival; the latter was also related to p53. The loss of PTEN protein expression showed a higher association with biochemical recurrence and with a worse prognosis, beyond that predicted by the Gleason score and tumor stage. ERG staining also showed a strong association with biochemical recurrence. Carneiro et al. Conclusion: There are several studies relating immunohistochemical markers with clinical-laboratorial outcomes in prostate cancer, the most frequent being Ki-67, p53, ERG, PTEN, and MYC. However, none of these markers have been validated by literary consensus to be routinely applied in medical practice.
Frontiers in Oncology, 2018
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that lends itself toward numerous th... more Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that lends itself toward numerous therapeutic options depending on its risk stratification. One of the greatest challenges in PCa urologic practice is to select patients who should be referred for biopsy and, for those patients who are diagnosed with cancer, to differentiate between patients with indolent disease from those with an unfavorable prognosis and, to determine ideal patient management and avoid unnecessary interventions. Accordingly, there is a growing body of literature reporting immunohistochemical studies with the objective of determining a prostate cancer prognosis. Among the most frequent biomarkers studied are Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG. Based on these findings, we systematically reviewed articles that assessed the role of these main prognostic markers in prostate cancer. Methods: Consistent with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search throughout the Web of Science and PubMed Medline databases. We considered all types of studies evaluating the role of Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG immunohistochemical analysis in prostate cancer until July 2017. Results: We identified 361 articles, 44 of which were summarized in this review. Diagnostically, no single immunohistochemical marker was able to define a tumor as benign or malignant. Prognostically, Ki-67, p53, and MYC were related to the tumor grade given by Gleason score and to the tumor stage (higher levels related to higher tumor grade). Furthermore, Ki-67 was also related to higher PSA levels, shorter disease-free intervals and shorter tumor-specific survival; the latter was also related to p53. The loss of PTEN protein expression showed a higher association with biochemical recurrence and with a worse prognosis, beyond that predicted by the Gleason score and tumor stage. ERG staining also showed a strong association with biochemical recurrence. Carneiro et al. Conclusion: There are several studies relating immunohistochemical markers with clinical-laboratorial outcomes in prostate cancer, the most frequent being Ki-67, p53, ERG, PTEN, and MYC. However, none of these markers have been validated by literary consensus to be routinely applied in medical practice.
Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Objectives: To review the main complications related to the robotassisted laparoscopic (RAL) appr... more Objectives: To review the main complications related to the robotassisted laparoscopic (RAL) approach in urology and to suggest measures to avoid such issues. Methods: A systematic search for articles of the contemporary literature was performed in PubMed database for complications in RAL urological procedures focused on positioning, access, and operative technique considerations. Each complication topic is followed by recommendations about how to avoid it. Results: In all, 40 of 253 articles were included in this analysis. Several complications in RAL procedures can be avoided if the surgical team follows some key steps. Adequate patient positioning must avoid skin, peripheral nerve, and muscles injuries, and ocular and cognitive complications mainly related to steep Trendelenburg positioning in pelvic procedures. Port-site access and closure should not be neglected during minimally invasive procedures as these complications although rare can be troublesome. Technique-related complications depend on surgeon experience and the early learning curve should be monitored.
Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Objectives: To review the main complications related to the robotassisted laparoscopic (RAL) appr... more Objectives: To review the main complications related to the robotassisted laparoscopic (RAL) approach in urology and to suggest measures to avoid such issues. Methods: A systematic search for articles of the contemporary literature was performed in PubMed database for complications in RAL urological procedures focused on positioning, access, and operative technique considerations. Each complication topic is followed by recommendations about how to avoid it. Results: In all, 40 of 253 articles were included in this analysis. Several complications in RAL procedures can be avoided if the surgical team follows some key steps. Adequate patient positioning must avoid skin, peripheral nerve, and muscles injuries, and ocular and cognitive complications mainly related to steep Trendelenburg positioning in pelvic procedures. Port-site access and closure should not be neglected during minimally invasive procedures as these complications although rare can be troublesome. Technique-related complications depend on surgeon experience and the early learning curve should be monitored.
International braz j urol, 2016
This study compared the suprapubic (SP) versus retropubic (RP) prostatectomy for the treatment of... more This study compared the suprapubic (SP) versus retropubic (RP) prostatectomy for the treatment of large prostates and evaluated perioperative surgical morbidity and improvement of urinary symptoms. Materials and Methods: In this single centre, prospective, randomised study, 65 consecutive patients with LUTS and surgical indication with prostate volume greater than 75g underwent open prostatectomy to compare the RP (32 patients) versus SP (33 patients) technique. Results: The SP group exhibited a higher incidence of complications (p=0.002). Regarding voiding pattern analysis (IPSS and flowmetry), both were significantly effective compared to pre-treatment baseline. The RP group parameters were significantly better, with higher peak urinary flow (SP: 16.77 versus RP: 23.03mL/s, p=0.008) and a trend of lower IPSS score (SP: 6.67 versus RP 4.14, p=0.06). In a subgroup evaluation of patients with prostate volumes larger than 100g, blood loss was lower in those undergoing SP prostatectomy (p=0.003). Patients with prostates smaller than 100g in the SP group exhibited a higher incidence of low grade late complications (p=0.004). Conclusions: The SP technique was related to a higher incidence of minor complications in the late postoperative period. High volume prostates were associated with increased bleeding when the RP technique was utilized. The RP prostatectomy was associated with higher peak urinary flow and a trend of a lower IPSS Score.
International braz j urol, 2005
Objective: To describe surgical and functional results with extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical ... more Objective: To describe surgical and functional results with extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with duplication of the open technique, from the experience obtained in the treatment of 28 initial cases. Materials and Methods: In a 36-month period, we prospectively analyzed 28 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer undergoing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Results: Mean surgical time was 280 min, with mean blood loss of 320 mL. As intraoperative complications, there were 2 rectal lesions repaired with laparoscopic suture in 2 planes. There was no conversion to open surgery. Median hospital stay was 3 days, with return to oral diet in the first postoperative day in patients. As post-operative complications, there were 3 cases of extraperitoneal urinary fistula. Two of these cases were resolved by maintaining a Foley catheter for 21 days, and the other one by late endoscopic reintervention for repositioning the catheter. Five out of 18 previously potent patients evolved with erectile dysfunction. The diagnosis of prostate cancer was confirmed in all patients, with focal positive margin occurring in 3 cases. During a mean follow-up of 18 months, 2 patients presented increased PSA, with no clinical evidence of disease. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a laborious and difficult procedure, with a long learning curve. Extraperitoneal access is feasible, and it is possible to practically duplicate the principles of open surgery. The present technique can possibly offer advantages in terms of decreased blood loss, preservation of erectile function and prevention of positive margins.
Revista do Hospital das Clínicas, 2002
The nerve supply of the human prostate is very abundant, and knowledge of the anatomy contributes... more The nerve supply of the human prostate is very abundant, and knowledge of the anatomy contributes to successful administration of local anesthesia. However, the exact anatomy of extrinsic neuronal cell bodies of the autonomic and sensory innervation of the prostate is not clear, except in other animals. Branches of pelvic ganglia composed of pelvic (parasympathetic) and hypogastric (sympathetic) nerves innervate the prostate. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the growth, maturation, and secretory function of this gland. Prostate procedures under local anesthesia, such as transurethral prostatic resections or transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy, are safe, simple, and effective. Local anesthesia can be feasible for many special conditions including uncomplicated prostate surgery and may be particularly useful for the high-risk group of patients for whom inhalation or spinal anesthesia is inadvisable.
Little is known about the effects of literacy levels on prostate cancer screening. This study eva... more Little is known about the effects of literacy levels on prostate cancer screening. This study evaluates the association between literacy, compliance with screening, and biopsy findings in a large Brazilian screening study. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 17,571 men screened for PCa with digital rectal examination (DRE) and total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from January 2004 to December 2007. Of those, 17,558 men had information regarding literate status. Full urological evaluation in a specialized cancer center was recommended in the case of: a) suspicious DRE, b) PSA > 4.0 ng/mL, or c) PSA 2.5-3.9 ng/mL and free/total PSA (f/tPSA) ratio < 15%. Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (14 cores) was performed upon confirmation of these findings after the patient's consent. Patients' compliance with screening recommendations and biopsy results were evaluated according to literacy levels. Results: an abnormal PSA, a suspicious DRE, or both were present in 73.2%, 19.7%, and 7.1% of those men who underwent biopsy, respectively. PCa was diagnosed in 652 men (3.7%). Previous PSAs or DREs were less common among illiterate men (p < 0.0001). Additionally, illiterate men were less prone to attend to further evaluations due to an abnormal PSA or DRE (p < 0.0001). PSA levels > 10 mg/mL (p = 0.03), clinical stage > T2a (p = 0.005), and biopsy Gleason > 7 (p = 0.02) were more common among illiterate men. Conclusions: In a screened population, literacy levels were associated with prior PCa evaluations and with compliance with screening protocols. Illiterate men were at higher risk of being diagnosed with more advanced and aggressive PCa.
International braz j urol, 2003
Laparoscopic surgery in urology is definitely incorporated to the techniques of minimally invasiv... more Laparoscopic surgery in urology is definitely incorporated to the techniques of minimally invasive treatment for urogenital diseases. Though the classic access to organs in the urinary tract is extraperitoneal, this access has not been prioritized when the videoendoscopic technique is used. In Brazil, few groups use this approach and little has been discussed about its true practical applicability. The authors intended to discuss the main technical aspects and criteria for indication, reported though the improvement achieved in a 5-year period with 150 operated cases. A review of the literature shows that the worldly acceptance of the extraperitoneal endoscopic approach is increasing. Nevertheless, there are no evidences that the extraperitoneal access is superior to the transperitoneal route. Thus, the choice depends basically on the surgeon's preference. Major advantages are the immediate access to the renal hilum and isolation of peritoneal structures. Employing this access is useful when one suspects that significant peritoneal adherences could prevent the surgical act or when one wishes to preserve the integrity of the peritoneal cavity.
International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
Open inguinal lymphadenectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of inguinal metastasis in pa... more Open inguinal lymphadenectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of inguinal metastasis in patients with penile cancer (PC). Recently the Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) was proposed as an option to reduce the morbidity of the procedure in patients without palpable inguinal lymph nodes (PILN), however the oncological equivalency in patients with PILN remains poorly studied. The aims of this video are the demonstration of VEIL in patients with PILN and present the preliminary experience comparing patients with and without PILN. The video illustrates the procedure performed in two cases that were previously underwent partial penectomy for PC with PILN. Data from the series of 15 patients (22 limbs operated) with PILN underwent VEIL were compared with our series of VEIL in 25 clinically N0 patients (35 limbs operated). The comparison between the groups with and without PILN found, respectively, these outcomes: age 52,45 x 53,2 years, operative time 126,8 x 95,5 min...
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 2011
The objective of this study was to clarify the role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteop... more The objective of this study was to clarify the role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The Medline, EMBASE, Cancerlit and the American Society of Clinical Oncology abstract databases were searched for published randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the usage of bisphosphonates in patients with prostate cancer (PC) under ADT. The outcomes assessed were fracture, osteoporosis, incidence of adverse events and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during treatment. A total of 15 articles (2634 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with bisphosphonates showed a substantial effect in preventing fractures (risk ratio (RR), 0.80; P ¼ 0.005) and osteoporosis (RR, 0.39; P o0.00001). Zoledronic acid showed the best number needed to treat (NTT), compared with placebo, in relation to fractures and osteoporosis (NNT ¼ 14.9 and NNT ¼ 2.68, respectively). The between-group difference (bisphosphonates vs placebo) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were 5.18 ± 3.38% and 2.35 ± 1.16%, respectively. This benefit of bone loss prevention could be reached without major side effects (cardiovascular or gastrointestinal events). Bisphosphonates are effective in preventing bone loss in patients with PC who are under ADT.
apps.einstein.br
RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar os dados relativos à prostatectomia laparoscópica pelo acesso transper... more RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar os dados relativos à prostatectomia laparoscópica pelo acesso transperitoneal e extraperitoneal, durante a experiência preliminar. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os primeiros 30 pacientes submetidos à prostatectomia ...
Actas Urológicas Españolas, 2010
Materiales y me ´todos: En un perı ´odo de 5 an ˜os (2004-2008) se practico ´prostatectomı ´a rad... more Materiales y me ´todos: En un perı ´odo de 5 an ˜os (2004-2008) se practico ´prostatectomı ´a radical laparosco ´pica con 5-6 puertos a 270 pacientes en un centro de referencia brasilen ˜o. En los primeros 70 casos, el protocolo de la curva de aprendizaje incluı ´a a pacientes con ı ´ndice de masa corporal bajo y ca ´ncer de pro ´stata de poco volumen y bajo grado. Posteriormente no se aplicaron criterios para descartar la cirugı ´a laparosco ´pica. Se analizo ´a los pacientes en dos grupos: grupo 1, primeros 70 pacientes (30 transperitoneal y 40 extraperitoneal) -curva de aprendizaje-, y grupo 2, u ´ltimos 200 pacientes -so ´lo prostatectomı ´a radical endosco ´pica extraperitoneal-. Los para ´metros quiru ´rgicos y los resultados se compararon mediante la prueba de la t de Student y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 65 an ˜os (7 8,2), y los para ´metros determinados en los grupos 1 y 2, respectivamente, fueron los siguientes: tiempo quiru ´rgico medio, 300 (7190) y 180 (7100) min; pe ´rdida de sangre, 330 (7210) y 210 (7180) ml; estancia hospitalaria, 3 (2-5) y 2 (1-3) dı ´as; ma ´rgenes quiru ´rgicos positivos, el 15 y el 10%; ereccio ´n suficiente para la penetracio ´n en pacientes previamente potentes, el 73,3 y el 75%, sin diferencia entre los grupos. El 78% de los pacientes de ambos grupos no informo ´de impotencia previa. Las tasas de incontinencia urinaria grave, transfusio ´n y complicaciones fueron mayores en el grupo 1 (po0,05): el 10 frente al 2%, el 12 frente al 2,25% y el 30 frente al 12,5%, respectivamente. Se produjo perforacio ´n del peritoneo en el 40% de los pacientes y no se preciso ´conversio ´n a cirugı ´a abierta en ningu ´n caso. En el 85% de los casos se utilizo ´un procedimiento de preservacio ´n de nervios. Tras un seguimiento medio de 3,5 an ˜os, el 90% de los pacientes no mostro ´recidiva del PSA, sin que hubiera diferencia entre los grupos.
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Papers by Marcos Tobias-Machado