Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, May 1, 2020
This study examined how exposure to severe poverty related to behavioral self-regulation growth d... more This study examined how exposure to severe poverty related to behavioral self-regulation growth during early childhood as mediated by parenting practices. Ethnic differences were tested. Data were collected across 4 waves from 359 low-income African American and Latino families. The frequency of exposure to severe poverty was indicated by how many times family income fell below 50% of the federal poverty line across 4 waves. Behavioral self-regulation was assessed when children were 3½, 6, and 7 years old (Wave 2-4), and parenting was observed when children were age 2½ years old (Wave 1). More frequent exposure to severe poverty was associated with slower behavioral self-regulation growth, and the effect was partially mediated through less *
Although qualities of mothering behavior have been consistently linked with children's academic o... more Although qualities of mothering behavior have been consistently linked with children's academic outcomes, mothers from different ethnic groups may emphasize different dimensions with their children. The present investigation aims to evaluate and compare the dimensionality of mothering in low-income African American (n = 151) and Mexican American (n = 182) mothers during early childhood and its predictive utility for children's academic achievement. Video-recorded motherchild interactions with children at 2½ and 3½ years of age were rated using six mothering quality items from a widely used global rating system. A bifactor measurement model of these six items yielded a general sensitive support factor and a specific intrusive-insensitive factor. The bifactor model fit the data significantly better at both time points than either a single factor or a two factor model. Invariance testing supported the stability of the measurement model across the two time points. Invariance testing by ethnicity indicated differences in factor loadings as well as mean levels of the specific factor of intrusive-insensitivity. The specific factor reflecting intrusiveinsensitive mothering at age 2½ years was associated with poorer subsequent reading achievement for African American but not Mexican American children, suggesting the specific factor reflected qualitatively different parenting constructs for the two ethnic groups. Critical examination of what constitutes more optimal parenting yielded both similar and dissimilar characteristics and their relations across culturally different groups of families. Such knowledge should contribute to the development of more effective interventions for ethnically diverse families.
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2015
Cultural socialization practices are common among ethnic minority parents and important for ethni... more Cultural socialization practices are common among ethnic minority parents and important for ethnic minority child development. However, little research has examined these practices among parents of very young children. In this study, we report on cultural socialization practices among a sample of parents of low income, African American (n = 179) and Latino (n = 220) preschool-age children in relation to children's school readiness. Cultural socialization was assessed when children were 2½ years old, and child outcomes assessed one year later included pre-academic skills, receptive language, and child behavior. Children who experienced more frequent cultural socialization displayed greater pre-academic skills, better receptive language, and fewer behavior problems. This association did not differ by child gender or ethnicity. The implications of these findings for the development of parent interventions to support school readiness are discussed.
The emergence of self-regulation skills such as inhibitory control in children is an important de... more The emergence of self-regulation skills such as inhibitory control in children is an important developmental process associated with adjustment across multiple domains. Individual differences in inhibitory control are associated with family socioeconomic status but have not been studied in relation to variations in risk found within a low-income (i.e., high risk) sample (N = 407). Using a group-based modeling approach, change in inhibitory control was examined from 30 to 42 months of age in a sample of low-income Hispanic and African-American children. Patterns of change in inhibitory control were examined in relation to cumulative risk and child externalizing behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist measured at 42 months. A three-group solution was identified as optimally fitting the data, representing patterns of change in inhibitory control: a normative group, exhibiting increasing inhibitory control (48%); a low-stable group (40%); and a high-stable group (12%). Group membership did not differ by child ethnicity or gender. Higher cumulative risk was found among the children in the low-stable group than in the other groups. Mothers reported more externalizing problems at 42 months for children in the low-stable group than in the other groups, even controlling for the effect of cumulative risk. Intervention and policy implications are discussed.
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Dec 1, 2013
Emerging self regulation skills were assessed in 407 low income, African American and Latino (pri... more Emerging self regulation skills were assessed in 407 low income, African American and Latino (primarily Mexican origin) preschoolers. A battery of self regulation tasks was administered when children were 2½ years old and again approximately one year later. Confirmatory factor analyses supported four components of self regulation: inhibitory control, complex response inhibition, set shifting and working memory. Complex response inhibition was too rare a skill in this sample to be detected reliably from measures collected at age 2½ but emerged from measures collected at age 3½. In addition, significant ethnic differences were found in that African American children scored better on measures of complex response inhibition and set shifting while Latino children scored better on measures of inhibitory control and working memory. Implications of study findings for measuring self regulation in low income, ethnic diverse populations of young children as well as for the development of interventions to enhance self regulation development are discussed. The early childhood literature has witnessed a veritable explosion of research focused on the development of self regulation among young children. As evidence of this, the number of research publications identified with the keywords "self regulation" and "preschool" in the PsycInfo database increased ten-fold between 2000 and 2011. One reason for this increased interest is evidence that self regulation is positively associated with better academic performance and behavioral adjustment in kindergarten and early elementary school (
Research Findings-The roles of child lexical diversity and maternal sensitivity in the developmen... more Research Findings-The roles of child lexical diversity and maternal sensitivity in the development of young children's inhibitory control were examined in 100 low-income Hispanic Spanish-speaking children. Child communication utterances at age 2½ years were transcribed from 10-min mother-child interactions to quantify lexical diversity. Maternal behavior was rated independently from the interactions. Inhibitory control was measured with a battery of tasks at ages 2½ and 3½. Greater maternal sensitivity was correlated with higher vocabulary at 2½. Greater vocabulary predicted positive growth in child inhibitory control skills from ages 2½ to 3½ in multivariable regression models that controlled for maternal education, family income, the home environment, and mothering quality. Practice or Policy-These findings suggest that supporting vocabulary development in lowincome Spanish-speaking children is important for the development of inhibitory control skills, an important foundation for school readiness and academic success. Hispanics composed 17% of the total U.S. population and 26% of children younger than 5 years in 2012 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Young Hispanic children are disproportionately overrepresented among children living in poverty, with 34% in poverty compared to 25% of young children overall in the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). Many children in this rapidly growing population lack school readiness skills and are at risk for academic difficulties (
ABSTRACT This study investigated the relations between different measurements of 33 4-year-olds&a... more ABSTRACT This study investigated the relations between different measurements of 33 4-year-olds' compliance and self-control and the relation between the children's cognitive ability and compliance and self-control. The four compliance ratings involved the child's behavior with mother and father in separate puzzle tasks, free play in the child care setting, and the California Q-Set as completed by the mother. The self-control ratings involved the child's behavior in laboratory and child care settings. Cognitive functioning was measured by means of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Maternal Q-Sort assessment of compliance was marginally related to compliance in the child care setting, while self-control in the laboratory was marginally related to compliance and self-control in the child care setting. The child's level of cognitive functioning was related to compliance in the puzzle task with the mother, while self-control in child care was related to compliance in child care. The lack of relations between compliance with parents and other measures suggests that compliance and self-control in one situation cannot predict behaviors in situations involving different relationships and constraints. A reference list of 10 items is provided. (BC)
Page 365. 14 Child Care and Schools Margaret Tresch Owen Kristen L. Bub Maria has had the same te... more Page 365. 14 Child Care and Schools Margaret Tresch Owen Kristen L. Bub Maria has had the same teacher since she began infant care 4 months ago. ... Tears are welling in Kwame's eyes, reflecting the frustration he feels trying to solve a math problem. ...
Background-Although childhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been linked with adolescent tobacco ... more Background-Although childhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been linked with adolescent tobacco and alcohol use in cross-sectional research, less is known about the influence of changes in socioeconomic status during childhood. Upward socioeconomic mobility may attenuate the negative influence of earlier socioeconomic disadvantage on health, while downward mobility may counter the health benefits of earlier socioeconomic advantage. This study evaluated the influence of common trajectories of family income during childhood on smoking and alcohol use during adolescence. Methods-Data utilized were part of the 15-year longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. A 5-class trajectory model (two stable, one downward, and two upward income trajectories) was developed previously with this sample (N = 1356). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether children of the more disadvantaged income trajectories were more likely to engage in tobacco and alcohol use at age 15 relative to those of the most advantaged trajectory. Results-Family income trajectory was significantly associated with ever-smoking (p = .02) and past-year alcohol use at age 15 years (p = .008). Children from the less advantaged trajectories
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: This longitudinal study assessed continuity and stability of productive language (vocabu... more Purpose: This longitudinal study assessed continuity and stability of productive language (vocabulary and grammar) and discourse features (turn-taking; asking and responding to questions) during mother–child play. Method: Parent–child language use in 119 Spanish-speaking, Mexican immigrant mothers and their children at two ages ( M = 2.5 and 3.6 years) was evaluated from transcriptions of interactions. Results: Child productive language significantly increased over the year, whereas mothers showed commensurate increases in vocabulary diversity but very little change in grammatical complexity. Mother–child discourse was characterized by discontinuity: Mothers decreased their turn length and asked fewer questions while children increased on both measures. Rates of responding to questions remained high for both mothers and children even as children increased and mothers decreased over time. Mothers and children showed significant rank-order stability in productive language and measures...
This longitudinal study documents the key role of early joint engagement in the language and earl... more This longitudinal study documents the key role of early joint engagement in the language and early literacy development of Mexican-American children from low-income households. This rapidly growing population often faces challenges as sequential Spanish-English language learners. Videos of 121 mothers and their 2.5-year-old children interacting in Spanish for 15 min were recorded in 2009-2011 in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Researchers reliably rated general dyadic features of joint engagement-symbol-infused joint engagement, shared routines and rituals, and fluency and connectedness-that have been found to facilitate language development in young English-speaking children. The construct respeto, a valued aspect of traditional Latino parenting, was also rated using two culturally specific items-the parent's calm authority and the child's affiliative obedience. In addition, three individual contributions-maternal sensitivity, quality of maternal language input, and quality of child language production-were assessed. General features of joint engagement at 2.5 years predicted expressive and receptive language at 3.6 years and receptive language and early literacy at 7.3 years, accounting for unique variance over and above individual contributions at 2.5 years, with some effects being stronger in girls than boys. The level of culturally specific joint engagement did not alter predictions made by general features of joint engagement. These findings highlight the importance of the quality of early communication for language and literacy success of Mexican-American children from low-income households and demonstrate that culturally specific aspects of early interactions can align well with general features of joint engagement.
The cultural value of respeto (respect) is central to Latine parenting. Yet, how respeto manifest... more The cultural value of respeto (respect) is central to Latine parenting. Yet, how respeto manifests in the interactions of Latine parents and their young children remains unexamined. Low‐income Mexican immigrant Spanish‐speaking mothers and their 2.5‐year‐old toddlers (N = 128) were video‐recorded during play (Mage = 30.2 months, SD = 0.52), and two culturally informed items of respeto were coded: parent calm authority and child affiliative obedience. Respeto related to standard ratings of mother and child interactions (e.g., maternal sensitivity and child engagement) but also captured unique features of parent–child interactions. Respeto related to mothers' and toddlers' language production and discourse during the interaction, and explained unique variance in language variables above standard ratings of mother–child interaction. This is the first effort to document a culturally salient aspect of dyadic interaction in Mexican immigrant mothers and young children and to show ...
The relative lack of attention to fathers' effects on children's achievement is even more... more The relative lack of attention to fathers' effects on children's achievement is even more apparent when examining fathering among low-income racial-ethnic minorities. We examined relations of fathering qualities when children were 2-3 years old with subsequent reading and mathematics achievement in kindergarten in a sample of low-income African American (n = 119) and primarily Mexican-origin Latino children (n = 193) from multiple neighborhood areas of a large city in the southwestern United States. Measures of parenting qualities were based on qualitative ratings of videotaped observations of father-child and mother-child interactions collected in the home during semistructured play activities. Mathematics and reading achievement scores were based on administration of the Woodcock-Johnson Revised (Woodcock & Muñoz-Sandoval, 1993) or the Batería Woodcock-Muñoz (Woodcock & Munoz-Sandoval, 1996), as appropriate depending upon the child's language. A structural equations model in which kindergarten mathematics and reading achievement were regressed on early childhood fathering displayed good model fit, χ2(72) = 131.30, p < .001, comparative fit index = .954, root mean square error of approximation = .051, standardized root mean square residual = .079. Results indicated that sensitive support from African American and Latino resident fathers was associated with their children's mathematics achievement even after controlling for mothers' sensitive support, but fathering quality was not associated with reading achievement. The implications of these findings for the study of fathering in racial-ethnic minority populations as well as for the development of early preventive interventions to support academic achievement are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
... Cathryn L. Booth 1 ,; K. Alison Clarke-Stewart 2 ,; Deborah Lowe Vandell 3 ,; Kathleen McCart... more ... Cathryn L. Booth 1 ,; K. Alison Clarke-Stewart 2 ,; Deborah Lowe Vandell 3 ,; Kathleen McCartney 4 ... to amount (eg, Bryant &amp;amp;amp; Zick, 1996; Hill &amp;amp;amp; Stafford, 1980) and quality (eg, Clarke-Stewart, Gruber ... n= 135) were employed or in school at least 30 hours per week (M= 40.42 ± 10.34 ...
... conflict, better and more egalitarian problem solving and conflict negotiation, talcing respo... more ... conflict, better and more egalitarian problem solving and conflict negotiation, talcing responsibility for be-havior, and ... and empathy in the parents' reports of their interactions with their children (1 - highly ... in the infant's development, and views spending time with the baby as a ...
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, May 1, 2020
This study examined how exposure to severe poverty related to behavioral self-regulation growth d... more This study examined how exposure to severe poverty related to behavioral self-regulation growth during early childhood as mediated by parenting practices. Ethnic differences were tested. Data were collected across 4 waves from 359 low-income African American and Latino families. The frequency of exposure to severe poverty was indicated by how many times family income fell below 50% of the federal poverty line across 4 waves. Behavioral self-regulation was assessed when children were 3½, 6, and 7 years old (Wave 2-4), and parenting was observed when children were age 2½ years old (Wave 1). More frequent exposure to severe poverty was associated with slower behavioral self-regulation growth, and the effect was partially mediated through less *
Although qualities of mothering behavior have been consistently linked with children's academic o... more Although qualities of mothering behavior have been consistently linked with children's academic outcomes, mothers from different ethnic groups may emphasize different dimensions with their children. The present investigation aims to evaluate and compare the dimensionality of mothering in low-income African American (n = 151) and Mexican American (n = 182) mothers during early childhood and its predictive utility for children's academic achievement. Video-recorded motherchild interactions with children at 2½ and 3½ years of age were rated using six mothering quality items from a widely used global rating system. A bifactor measurement model of these six items yielded a general sensitive support factor and a specific intrusive-insensitive factor. The bifactor model fit the data significantly better at both time points than either a single factor or a two factor model. Invariance testing supported the stability of the measurement model across the two time points. Invariance testing by ethnicity indicated differences in factor loadings as well as mean levels of the specific factor of intrusive-insensitivity. The specific factor reflecting intrusiveinsensitive mothering at age 2½ years was associated with poorer subsequent reading achievement for African American but not Mexican American children, suggesting the specific factor reflected qualitatively different parenting constructs for the two ethnic groups. Critical examination of what constitutes more optimal parenting yielded both similar and dissimilar characteristics and their relations across culturally different groups of families. Such knowledge should contribute to the development of more effective interventions for ethnically diverse families.
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2015
Cultural socialization practices are common among ethnic minority parents and important for ethni... more Cultural socialization practices are common among ethnic minority parents and important for ethnic minority child development. However, little research has examined these practices among parents of very young children. In this study, we report on cultural socialization practices among a sample of parents of low income, African American (n = 179) and Latino (n = 220) preschool-age children in relation to children's school readiness. Cultural socialization was assessed when children were 2½ years old, and child outcomes assessed one year later included pre-academic skills, receptive language, and child behavior. Children who experienced more frequent cultural socialization displayed greater pre-academic skills, better receptive language, and fewer behavior problems. This association did not differ by child gender or ethnicity. The implications of these findings for the development of parent interventions to support school readiness are discussed.
The emergence of self-regulation skills such as inhibitory control in children is an important de... more The emergence of self-regulation skills such as inhibitory control in children is an important developmental process associated with adjustment across multiple domains. Individual differences in inhibitory control are associated with family socioeconomic status but have not been studied in relation to variations in risk found within a low-income (i.e., high risk) sample (N = 407). Using a group-based modeling approach, change in inhibitory control was examined from 30 to 42 months of age in a sample of low-income Hispanic and African-American children. Patterns of change in inhibitory control were examined in relation to cumulative risk and child externalizing behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist measured at 42 months. A three-group solution was identified as optimally fitting the data, representing patterns of change in inhibitory control: a normative group, exhibiting increasing inhibitory control (48%); a low-stable group (40%); and a high-stable group (12%). Group membership did not differ by child ethnicity or gender. Higher cumulative risk was found among the children in the low-stable group than in the other groups. Mothers reported more externalizing problems at 42 months for children in the low-stable group than in the other groups, even controlling for the effect of cumulative risk. Intervention and policy implications are discussed.
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Dec 1, 2013
Emerging self regulation skills were assessed in 407 low income, African American and Latino (pri... more Emerging self regulation skills were assessed in 407 low income, African American and Latino (primarily Mexican origin) preschoolers. A battery of self regulation tasks was administered when children were 2½ years old and again approximately one year later. Confirmatory factor analyses supported four components of self regulation: inhibitory control, complex response inhibition, set shifting and working memory. Complex response inhibition was too rare a skill in this sample to be detected reliably from measures collected at age 2½ but emerged from measures collected at age 3½. In addition, significant ethnic differences were found in that African American children scored better on measures of complex response inhibition and set shifting while Latino children scored better on measures of inhibitory control and working memory. Implications of study findings for measuring self regulation in low income, ethnic diverse populations of young children as well as for the development of interventions to enhance self regulation development are discussed. The early childhood literature has witnessed a veritable explosion of research focused on the development of self regulation among young children. As evidence of this, the number of research publications identified with the keywords "self regulation" and "preschool" in the PsycInfo database increased ten-fold between 2000 and 2011. One reason for this increased interest is evidence that self regulation is positively associated with better academic performance and behavioral adjustment in kindergarten and early elementary school (
Research Findings-The roles of child lexical diversity and maternal sensitivity in the developmen... more Research Findings-The roles of child lexical diversity and maternal sensitivity in the development of young children's inhibitory control were examined in 100 low-income Hispanic Spanish-speaking children. Child communication utterances at age 2½ years were transcribed from 10-min mother-child interactions to quantify lexical diversity. Maternal behavior was rated independently from the interactions. Inhibitory control was measured with a battery of tasks at ages 2½ and 3½. Greater maternal sensitivity was correlated with higher vocabulary at 2½. Greater vocabulary predicted positive growth in child inhibitory control skills from ages 2½ to 3½ in multivariable regression models that controlled for maternal education, family income, the home environment, and mothering quality. Practice or Policy-These findings suggest that supporting vocabulary development in lowincome Spanish-speaking children is important for the development of inhibitory control skills, an important foundation for school readiness and academic success. Hispanics composed 17% of the total U.S. population and 26% of children younger than 5 years in 2012 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Young Hispanic children are disproportionately overrepresented among children living in poverty, with 34% in poverty compared to 25% of young children overall in the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). Many children in this rapidly growing population lack school readiness skills and are at risk for academic difficulties (
ABSTRACT This study investigated the relations between different measurements of 33 4-year-olds&a... more ABSTRACT This study investigated the relations between different measurements of 33 4-year-olds&#39; compliance and self-control and the relation between the children&#39;s cognitive ability and compliance and self-control. The four compliance ratings involved the child&#39;s behavior with mother and father in separate puzzle tasks, free play in the child care setting, and the California Q-Set as completed by the mother. The self-control ratings involved the child&#39;s behavior in laboratory and child care settings. Cognitive functioning was measured by means of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Maternal Q-Sort assessment of compliance was marginally related to compliance in the child care setting, while self-control in the laboratory was marginally related to compliance and self-control in the child care setting. The child&#39;s level of cognitive functioning was related to compliance in the puzzle task with the mother, while self-control in child care was related to compliance in child care. The lack of relations between compliance with parents and other measures suggests that compliance and self-control in one situation cannot predict behaviors in situations involving different relationships and constraints. A reference list of 10 items is provided. (BC)
Page 365. 14 Child Care and Schools Margaret Tresch Owen Kristen L. Bub Maria has had the same te... more Page 365. 14 Child Care and Schools Margaret Tresch Owen Kristen L. Bub Maria has had the same teacher since she began infant care 4 months ago. ... Tears are welling in Kwame&#x27;s eyes, reflecting the frustration he feels trying to solve a math problem. ...
Background-Although childhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been linked with adolescent tobacco ... more Background-Although childhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been linked with adolescent tobacco and alcohol use in cross-sectional research, less is known about the influence of changes in socioeconomic status during childhood. Upward socioeconomic mobility may attenuate the negative influence of earlier socioeconomic disadvantage on health, while downward mobility may counter the health benefits of earlier socioeconomic advantage. This study evaluated the influence of common trajectories of family income during childhood on smoking and alcohol use during adolescence. Methods-Data utilized were part of the 15-year longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. A 5-class trajectory model (two stable, one downward, and two upward income trajectories) was developed previously with this sample (N = 1356). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether children of the more disadvantaged income trajectories were more likely to engage in tobacco and alcohol use at age 15 relative to those of the most advantaged trajectory. Results-Family income trajectory was significantly associated with ever-smoking (p = .02) and past-year alcohol use at age 15 years (p = .008). Children from the less advantaged trajectories
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: This longitudinal study assessed continuity and stability of productive language (vocabu... more Purpose: This longitudinal study assessed continuity and stability of productive language (vocabulary and grammar) and discourse features (turn-taking; asking and responding to questions) during mother–child play. Method: Parent–child language use in 119 Spanish-speaking, Mexican immigrant mothers and their children at two ages ( M = 2.5 and 3.6 years) was evaluated from transcriptions of interactions. Results: Child productive language significantly increased over the year, whereas mothers showed commensurate increases in vocabulary diversity but very little change in grammatical complexity. Mother–child discourse was characterized by discontinuity: Mothers decreased their turn length and asked fewer questions while children increased on both measures. Rates of responding to questions remained high for both mothers and children even as children increased and mothers decreased over time. Mothers and children showed significant rank-order stability in productive language and measures...
This longitudinal study documents the key role of early joint engagement in the language and earl... more This longitudinal study documents the key role of early joint engagement in the language and early literacy development of Mexican-American children from low-income households. This rapidly growing population often faces challenges as sequential Spanish-English language learners. Videos of 121 mothers and their 2.5-year-old children interacting in Spanish for 15 min were recorded in 2009-2011 in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Researchers reliably rated general dyadic features of joint engagement-symbol-infused joint engagement, shared routines and rituals, and fluency and connectedness-that have been found to facilitate language development in young English-speaking children. The construct respeto, a valued aspect of traditional Latino parenting, was also rated using two culturally specific items-the parent's calm authority and the child's affiliative obedience. In addition, three individual contributions-maternal sensitivity, quality of maternal language input, and quality of child language production-were assessed. General features of joint engagement at 2.5 years predicted expressive and receptive language at 3.6 years and receptive language and early literacy at 7.3 years, accounting for unique variance over and above individual contributions at 2.5 years, with some effects being stronger in girls than boys. The level of culturally specific joint engagement did not alter predictions made by general features of joint engagement. These findings highlight the importance of the quality of early communication for language and literacy success of Mexican-American children from low-income households and demonstrate that culturally specific aspects of early interactions can align well with general features of joint engagement.
The cultural value of respeto (respect) is central to Latine parenting. Yet, how respeto manifest... more The cultural value of respeto (respect) is central to Latine parenting. Yet, how respeto manifests in the interactions of Latine parents and their young children remains unexamined. Low‐income Mexican immigrant Spanish‐speaking mothers and their 2.5‐year‐old toddlers (N = 128) were video‐recorded during play (Mage = 30.2 months, SD = 0.52), and two culturally informed items of respeto were coded: parent calm authority and child affiliative obedience. Respeto related to standard ratings of mother and child interactions (e.g., maternal sensitivity and child engagement) but also captured unique features of parent–child interactions. Respeto related to mothers' and toddlers' language production and discourse during the interaction, and explained unique variance in language variables above standard ratings of mother–child interaction. This is the first effort to document a culturally salient aspect of dyadic interaction in Mexican immigrant mothers and young children and to show ...
The relative lack of attention to fathers' effects on children's achievement is even more... more The relative lack of attention to fathers' effects on children's achievement is even more apparent when examining fathering among low-income racial-ethnic minorities. We examined relations of fathering qualities when children were 2-3 years old with subsequent reading and mathematics achievement in kindergarten in a sample of low-income African American (n = 119) and primarily Mexican-origin Latino children (n = 193) from multiple neighborhood areas of a large city in the southwestern United States. Measures of parenting qualities were based on qualitative ratings of videotaped observations of father-child and mother-child interactions collected in the home during semistructured play activities. Mathematics and reading achievement scores were based on administration of the Woodcock-Johnson Revised (Woodcock & Muñoz-Sandoval, 1993) or the Batería Woodcock-Muñoz (Woodcock & Munoz-Sandoval, 1996), as appropriate depending upon the child's language. A structural equations model in which kindergarten mathematics and reading achievement were regressed on early childhood fathering displayed good model fit, χ2(72) = 131.30, p < .001, comparative fit index = .954, root mean square error of approximation = .051, standardized root mean square residual = .079. Results indicated that sensitive support from African American and Latino resident fathers was associated with their children's mathematics achievement even after controlling for mothers' sensitive support, but fathering quality was not associated with reading achievement. The implications of these findings for the study of fathering in racial-ethnic minority populations as well as for the development of early preventive interventions to support academic achievement are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
... Cathryn L. Booth 1 ,; K. Alison Clarke-Stewart 2 ,; Deborah Lowe Vandell 3 ,; Kathleen McCart... more ... Cathryn L. Booth 1 ,; K. Alison Clarke-Stewart 2 ,; Deborah Lowe Vandell 3 ,; Kathleen McCartney 4 ... to amount (eg, Bryant &amp;amp;amp; Zick, 1996; Hill &amp;amp;amp; Stafford, 1980) and quality (eg, Clarke-Stewart, Gruber ... n= 135) were employed or in school at least 30 hours per week (M= 40.42 ± 10.34 ...
... conflict, better and more egalitarian problem solving and conflict negotiation, talcing respo... more ... conflict, better and more egalitarian problem solving and conflict negotiation, talcing responsibility for be-havior, and ... and empathy in the parents' reports of their interactions with their children (1 - highly ... in the infant's development, and views spending time with the baby as a ...
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Papers by Margaret Owen