Background: Brain tumors are all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors with unclear etiolog... more Background: Brain tumors are all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors with unclear etiologies and viral infections, especially human herpesviruses, which have emerged as a hot topic for comprehensive research. Objectives: The present study aimed at assessing the molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its association with microRNA 122 (miR-122) expression in CNS tumor samples. Methods: Fresh frozen tissue samples were collected from 60 CNS tumor patients and 45 healthy controls. A nested PCR assay was performed to detect the VZV-DNA. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-122 was evaluated in the CNS tumor tissue samples of patients and the brain tissue samples were obtained from healthy controls, using a real-time PCR assay. Results: Of 60 patients with CNS tumors, 29 were men and 31 were women. VZV-DNA was detected in 13.3% of the CNS tumor tissue specimens. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of VZV-DNA and differen...
Background: Considering the role of calcium in the replication and morphogenesis of rotaviruses, ... more Background: Considering the role of calcium in the replication and morphogenesis of rotaviruses, it is hypothesized that decreased cytosolic calcium levels by using calcium channel blockers can subsequently interfere with rotavirus replication. Objective: The present study investigated the effects of two calcium ion channel blockers, amlodipine and diltiazem, against human rotavirus infection. Method: Cytotoxic effects of the drugs on MA-104 cells were evaluated using the neutral red assay. The effects of amlodipine and diltiazem at non-toxic concentrations on human rotavirus were examined using cytopathic effect inhibition, TCID50, and real-time PCR assays. Results: The highest inhibitory effect was obtained at concentrations of 0.5 μg/ml of amlodipine and 3 μg/ml of diltiazem, leading to 4.6 and 5.5 logarithmic reductions in infectious rotavirus titer and four- and a five-fold increase in the Ct values compared to the virus control, respectively (p-value <0.001). Conversely, in...
Background and Aims: Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, Epstein-Barr ... more Background and Aims: Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human Herpesvirus (HHV)-8 could cause significant illness as opportunistic infections. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of EBV andHHV-8 in saliva specimens obtained from HIV-1 infected Iranian individuals under the Highly Active Antiviral Therapy (HAART) regimen compared with naïve patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 HIV-1 positive patients who attended the hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Tehran, Iran, from 2018 to 2019. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed to evaluate HHV-8 and EBV antibodies. A conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on saliva samples to detect EBV infection and a nested-PCR assay for HHV-8 infection. SPSS (version 20) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Patients' mean age ± SD was 43.9 ±...
Background: Kaposi�s sarcoma (KS) remains themostcommonmalignancyamongHIV-infected patients. Hu... more Background: Kaposi�s sarcoma (KS) remains themostcommonmalignancyamongHIV-infected patients. Humanherpesvirus type- 8 (HHV-8) is regarded as the infectious etiological agent of Kaposi�s sarcoma (KSHV). Diagnostic procedures associated with KSHV are not routinely performed in HIV-infected subjects. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to obtain information on KSHV epidemiology in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Patients and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 109 patients with established HIV infection, who visited a governmental and referral center for HIV screening in Tehran (Tehran west health center (TWHC)) between May 2014 and July 2015 were enrolled according to the convenience sample strategy. After peripheral blood collection, isolation of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments, DNA extraction was performed. KSHV DNA was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) using primers from ORF-26 (virus minor capsid...
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads all around the world and leads to sever... more Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads all around the world and leads to several new infection cases and mortality. A better understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis could lead to more efficient therapeutic approaches. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the Toll-like receptors expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 32 COVID-19 patients. At the admission time based on the disease severity patients were divided into two groups of severe and mild COVID-19. A group of 16 normal people was evaluated as the healthy control. Blood samples were collected before any treatment from patients at the admission time. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation preformed on blood samples. RNA is extracted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and use for the cDNA synthesis. The expression l...
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate chemokine receptor 5 delta 32 (CCR5-Δ32) mutation and HIV-1 sur... more Aim: This study aimed to evaluate chemokine receptor 5 delta 32 (CCR5-Δ32) mutation and HIV-1 surveillance drug-resistance mutations (SDRMs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of long-term non progressors (LTNPs) of HIV-1-infected individuals. Materials & methods: This research was performed on 197 treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients. After follow-up, it was determined that 15 (7.6%) of these people were LTNPs. The PCR assay was performed to identify the CCR5 genotype and HIV-1 SDRMs. Results: One (6.7%) of the LTNPs was heterozygous (wt/Δ32) for the CCR5 delta 32 (CCR5Δ32). However, none of the individuals was homozygous for this mutation (Δ32/Δ32). Moreover, none of the LTNPs showed HIV-1 SDRMs. The CRF35-AD subtype was the most dominant subtype, with a percentage of 93.3%. Conclusion: Iranian elite controllers are negative for CCR5-delta 32 homozygous genotype and drug resistance against antiretroviral drugs.
Tehran University Medical Journal TUMS Publications, 2019
mortality associated with AIDS. Achieving and maintaining HIV viral load suppression among treate... more mortality associated with AIDS. Achieving and maintaining HIV viral load suppression among treated patients has remarkably increased over the last years due to the development of potent and well-tolerated agents which can be co-formulated as a once-daily single-tablet or fixed-dose combination for simplification. However, there are some limitations preventing patients to benefit from this treatment. The main goals of HIV therapy in the future are to overcome the limitations of current treatment, including side effects. This review will provide an overview of advances in the current antiretroviral drugs by focusing on their pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, dosing recommendations, and adverse events for each drug class.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of EBV/HPV co-infection as an etiologi... more Background: This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of EBV/HPV co-infection as an etiologic factor in prostate cancer (PCa) development.Methods: The present case‐control research was conducted on 67 cases with prostate cancer and 40 controls. The expression of cellular and viral factors involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis were quantitated using ELISA and qRT-PCR.Results: The EBV/HPV co-infection was reported in 14.9% of case group and 7.5% of control group. The high-risk type of HPV, including HPV 16 and 18, were responsible for 50% and 30% of 10 HPV/EBV co-infected PCa samples, respectively. According to the results, a significant relationship was not observed between the PCa and HPV/EBV co-infection (OR=2.9, 95%CI=0.18-45.2, P=0.31). However, the highest percentage of HPV genome integration was found in HPV/EBV coinfected PCa group (8/10, 80%). Moreover, the mean expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, VEGF, ROS and RNS)...
Occult HCV infection (OCI) has been described as the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic ... more Occult HCV infection (OCI) has been described as the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA in hepatocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens and the lack of HCV genomic RNA and anti-HCV antibodies (Abs) in plasma samples. Injection drug users (IDUs) are the most important high-risk group for infection with blood-borne viruses, particularly HCV. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of OCI in IDUs. A prospective crosssectional study of 126 consecutive Iranian IDUs was performed from March 2017 to January 2018. PBMCs were separated from blood samples from the participants, and after extraction of the viral RNA from the plasma and PBMC specimens, HCV RNA was detected in the samples using RT-nested PCR by amplification of the 5′-NTR of HCV. HCV genotyping was carried out using restriction a fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The viral RNA was amplified using RT-nested PCR with specific primers for the NS5B gene, and the PCR products were sequenced to confirm the results obtained by HCV RNA detection and HCV genotyping. Out of the 126 IDUs studied, 105 (83.3%) were negative for anti-HCV Abs and HCV RNA in plasma samples, whereas HCV RNA was detected in the PBMC samples of six (5.7%) participants, indicating that these individuals had OCI. Moreover, HCV genomic RNA was detected in PBMC samples from five (23.8%) of the 21 IDUs studied who were positive for anti-HCV Abs and negative for HCV genomic RNA in plasma specimens. These IDUs also had OCI. The HCV genotypes in the PBMC samples from the subjects with OCI were determined. Six (54.5%) subjects were infected with HCV subtype 3a, and five (45.5%) were infected with HCV subtype 1a. This study showed that 8.7% of the Iranian IDUs had OCI, and therefore, a study focusing on the diagnosis of OCI in these individuals can be valuable and informative.
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, Apr 7, 2015
Infection with parvovirus B19 may cause fetal losses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine... more Infection with parvovirus B19 may cause fetal losses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydrops fetalis. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of parvovirus B19 in formalin fixed placental tissues in lost fetuses using real-time PCR method. In this cross-sectional study, 100 formalin fixed placental tissues with unknown cause of fetal death were determined using real-time PCR method after DNA extraction. Six out of 100 cases (6%) were positive for parvovirus B19 using real-time PCR. Gestational age of all positive cases was less than 20 weeks with a mean of 12.3 weeks. Three cases have a history of abortion and all of positive cases were collected in spring. Mean age of positive cases were 28 years. Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can infect red precursor cells and induces apoptosis or lyses these cells that resulting in anemia and congestive heart failure leading to fetal death. Management of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant wo...
Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has various transmission routes. In... more Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has various transmission routes. Instant antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the recommended treatment for HIV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly decreases the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related co-morbidities. Notwithstanding the suit- ability of HAART, the antiretrovirals (ARVs) have adverse effects and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations are reported among those who receive ARVs. In this survey, the abundance of HIV-1 infection in Iranians with high-risk behaviors, and detection of the surveillance drug-resistant mutations (SDRMs) were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 individuals with high-risk behaviors from Sep- tember 2014 to February 2020. HIV-1 Ag/Ab in plasma samples was detected using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. The conserved region of HIV-1 was detected in the plasma samples by real-time polymerase ch...
Background and Aims: Retinoblastoma tumors are the most common intraocular malignancy in childhoo... more Background and Aims: Retinoblastoma tumors are the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, leading to death after two years. The Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infection could be critical in the retinoblastoma pathogenesis due to the virus and retinoblastoma 1 interactions. The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible presence of the HAdV genome in the retinoblastoma patient's tumors. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the HAdV infection in 96 pathological confirmed retinoblastoma samples. The DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks, and the virus infection was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age ± SD of the retinoblastoma patients was 28.89 ± 17 months. In addition, the demographic evaluation indicated that 43 (46.7%) of patients were female. The retinoblastoma laterality assessment indicates 87 (90.4%) unilateral and 9 (9.4%) bilateral t...
Background This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epste... more Background This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) coinfection as an etiological factor for prostate cancer (PCa) development. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 67 patients with PCa and 40 control subjects. The expression levels of cellular and viral factors involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis were quantified, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Results The EBV/HPV coinfection was reported in 14.9% of patients in the case group and 7.5% of the control subjects. The high-risk types of HPV, that is, HPV 16 and HPV 18, were responsible for 50 and 30% of HPV/EBV-coinfected PCa cases ( n = 10), respectively. No significant relationship was observed between PCa and HPV/EBV coinfection (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 0.18–45.2, P = 0.31). However, the highest percentage of HPV genome integration was found in the ...
Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 2017
Influenza epidemics and pandemics cause notable morbidity and mortality. Mortality cases are mos... more Influenza epidemics and pandemics cause notable morbidity and mortality. Mortality cases are mostly associated with immunopathogenic mechanisms, although still poorly understood. Human studies help to understand the immunopathogenesis of influenza. However, there is limited information in this regard. Recent studies using experimental animal models have significantly improved our knowledge on complex mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis during influenza infections including acute inflammatory responses of neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, toll-like receptors, chemokines, cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Due to influenza infection, elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines are produced during influenza-induced inflammation which are known as cytokine storm which is a severe immune response characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes and increased levels of cytokines and chemokines at the site of infection. This review aimed to discuss the most recent findings on mechanisms of influenza immunopathogenesis.
Background: Brain tumors are all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors with unclear etiolog... more Background: Brain tumors are all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors with unclear etiologies and viral infections, especially human herpesviruses, which have emerged as a hot topic for comprehensive research. Objectives: The present study aimed at assessing the molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its association with microRNA 122 (miR-122) expression in CNS tumor samples. Methods: Fresh frozen tissue samples were collected from 60 CNS tumor patients and 45 healthy controls. A nested PCR assay was performed to detect the VZV-DNA. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-122 was evaluated in the CNS tumor tissue samples of patients and the brain tissue samples were obtained from healthy controls, using a real-time PCR assay. Results: Of 60 patients with CNS tumors, 29 were men and 31 were women. VZV-DNA was detected in 13.3% of the CNS tumor tissue specimens. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of VZV-DNA and differen...
Background: Considering the role of calcium in the replication and morphogenesis of rotaviruses, ... more Background: Considering the role of calcium in the replication and morphogenesis of rotaviruses, it is hypothesized that decreased cytosolic calcium levels by using calcium channel blockers can subsequently interfere with rotavirus replication. Objective: The present study investigated the effects of two calcium ion channel blockers, amlodipine and diltiazem, against human rotavirus infection. Method: Cytotoxic effects of the drugs on MA-104 cells were evaluated using the neutral red assay. The effects of amlodipine and diltiazem at non-toxic concentrations on human rotavirus were examined using cytopathic effect inhibition, TCID50, and real-time PCR assays. Results: The highest inhibitory effect was obtained at concentrations of 0.5 μg/ml of amlodipine and 3 μg/ml of diltiazem, leading to 4.6 and 5.5 logarithmic reductions in infectious rotavirus titer and four- and a five-fold increase in the Ct values compared to the virus control, respectively (p-value <0.001). Conversely, in...
Background and Aims: Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, Epstein-Barr ... more Background and Aims: Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human Herpesvirus (HHV)-8 could cause significant illness as opportunistic infections. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of EBV andHHV-8 in saliva specimens obtained from HIV-1 infected Iranian individuals under the Highly Active Antiviral Therapy (HAART) regimen compared with naïve patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 HIV-1 positive patients who attended the hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Tehran, Iran, from 2018 to 2019. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed to evaluate HHV-8 and EBV antibodies. A conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on saliva samples to detect EBV infection and a nested-PCR assay for HHV-8 infection. SPSS (version 20) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Patients' mean age ± SD was 43.9 ±...
Background: Kaposi�s sarcoma (KS) remains themostcommonmalignancyamongHIV-infected patients. Hu... more Background: Kaposi�s sarcoma (KS) remains themostcommonmalignancyamongHIV-infected patients. Humanherpesvirus type- 8 (HHV-8) is regarded as the infectious etiological agent of Kaposi�s sarcoma (KSHV). Diagnostic procedures associated with KSHV are not routinely performed in HIV-infected subjects. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to obtain information on KSHV epidemiology in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Patients and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 109 patients with established HIV infection, who visited a governmental and referral center for HIV screening in Tehran (Tehran west health center (TWHC)) between May 2014 and July 2015 were enrolled according to the convenience sample strategy. After peripheral blood collection, isolation of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments, DNA extraction was performed. KSHV DNA was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) using primers from ORF-26 (virus minor capsid...
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads all around the world and leads to sever... more Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads all around the world and leads to several new infection cases and mortality. A better understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis could lead to more efficient therapeutic approaches. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the Toll-like receptors expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 32 COVID-19 patients. At the admission time based on the disease severity patients were divided into two groups of severe and mild COVID-19. A group of 16 normal people was evaluated as the healthy control. Blood samples were collected before any treatment from patients at the admission time. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation preformed on blood samples. RNA is extracted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and use for the cDNA synthesis. The expression l...
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate chemokine receptor 5 delta 32 (CCR5-Δ32) mutation and HIV-1 sur... more Aim: This study aimed to evaluate chemokine receptor 5 delta 32 (CCR5-Δ32) mutation and HIV-1 surveillance drug-resistance mutations (SDRMs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of long-term non progressors (LTNPs) of HIV-1-infected individuals. Materials & methods: This research was performed on 197 treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients. After follow-up, it was determined that 15 (7.6%) of these people were LTNPs. The PCR assay was performed to identify the CCR5 genotype and HIV-1 SDRMs. Results: One (6.7%) of the LTNPs was heterozygous (wt/Δ32) for the CCR5 delta 32 (CCR5Δ32). However, none of the individuals was homozygous for this mutation (Δ32/Δ32). Moreover, none of the LTNPs showed HIV-1 SDRMs. The CRF35-AD subtype was the most dominant subtype, with a percentage of 93.3%. Conclusion: Iranian elite controllers are negative for CCR5-delta 32 homozygous genotype and drug resistance against antiretroviral drugs.
Tehran University Medical Journal TUMS Publications, 2019
mortality associated with AIDS. Achieving and maintaining HIV viral load suppression among treate... more mortality associated with AIDS. Achieving and maintaining HIV viral load suppression among treated patients has remarkably increased over the last years due to the development of potent and well-tolerated agents which can be co-formulated as a once-daily single-tablet or fixed-dose combination for simplification. However, there are some limitations preventing patients to benefit from this treatment. The main goals of HIV therapy in the future are to overcome the limitations of current treatment, including side effects. This review will provide an overview of advances in the current antiretroviral drugs by focusing on their pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, dosing recommendations, and adverse events for each drug class.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of EBV/HPV co-infection as an etiologi... more Background: This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of EBV/HPV co-infection as an etiologic factor in prostate cancer (PCa) development.Methods: The present case‐control research was conducted on 67 cases with prostate cancer and 40 controls. The expression of cellular and viral factors involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis were quantitated using ELISA and qRT-PCR.Results: The EBV/HPV co-infection was reported in 14.9% of case group and 7.5% of control group. The high-risk type of HPV, including HPV 16 and 18, were responsible for 50% and 30% of 10 HPV/EBV co-infected PCa samples, respectively. According to the results, a significant relationship was not observed between the PCa and HPV/EBV co-infection (OR=2.9, 95%CI=0.18-45.2, P=0.31). However, the highest percentage of HPV genome integration was found in HPV/EBV coinfected PCa group (8/10, 80%). Moreover, the mean expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, VEGF, ROS and RNS)...
Occult HCV infection (OCI) has been described as the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic ... more Occult HCV infection (OCI) has been described as the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA in hepatocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens and the lack of HCV genomic RNA and anti-HCV antibodies (Abs) in plasma samples. Injection drug users (IDUs) are the most important high-risk group for infection with blood-borne viruses, particularly HCV. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of OCI in IDUs. A prospective crosssectional study of 126 consecutive Iranian IDUs was performed from March 2017 to January 2018. PBMCs were separated from blood samples from the participants, and after extraction of the viral RNA from the plasma and PBMC specimens, HCV RNA was detected in the samples using RT-nested PCR by amplification of the 5′-NTR of HCV. HCV genotyping was carried out using restriction a fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The viral RNA was amplified using RT-nested PCR with specific primers for the NS5B gene, and the PCR products were sequenced to confirm the results obtained by HCV RNA detection and HCV genotyping. Out of the 126 IDUs studied, 105 (83.3%) were negative for anti-HCV Abs and HCV RNA in plasma samples, whereas HCV RNA was detected in the PBMC samples of six (5.7%) participants, indicating that these individuals had OCI. Moreover, HCV genomic RNA was detected in PBMC samples from five (23.8%) of the 21 IDUs studied who were positive for anti-HCV Abs and negative for HCV genomic RNA in plasma specimens. These IDUs also had OCI. The HCV genotypes in the PBMC samples from the subjects with OCI were determined. Six (54.5%) subjects were infected with HCV subtype 3a, and five (45.5%) were infected with HCV subtype 1a. This study showed that 8.7% of the Iranian IDUs had OCI, and therefore, a study focusing on the diagnosis of OCI in these individuals can be valuable and informative.
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, Apr 7, 2015
Infection with parvovirus B19 may cause fetal losses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine... more Infection with parvovirus B19 may cause fetal losses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydrops fetalis. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of parvovirus B19 in formalin fixed placental tissues in lost fetuses using real-time PCR method. In this cross-sectional study, 100 formalin fixed placental tissues with unknown cause of fetal death were determined using real-time PCR method after DNA extraction. Six out of 100 cases (6%) were positive for parvovirus B19 using real-time PCR. Gestational age of all positive cases was less than 20 weeks with a mean of 12.3 weeks. Three cases have a history of abortion and all of positive cases were collected in spring. Mean age of positive cases were 28 years. Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can infect red precursor cells and induces apoptosis or lyses these cells that resulting in anemia and congestive heart failure leading to fetal death. Management of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant wo...
Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has various transmission routes. In... more Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has various transmission routes. Instant antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the recommended treatment for HIV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly decreases the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related co-morbidities. Notwithstanding the suit- ability of HAART, the antiretrovirals (ARVs) have adverse effects and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations are reported among those who receive ARVs. In this survey, the abundance of HIV-1 infection in Iranians with high-risk behaviors, and detection of the surveillance drug-resistant mutations (SDRMs) were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 individuals with high-risk behaviors from Sep- tember 2014 to February 2020. HIV-1 Ag/Ab in plasma samples was detected using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. The conserved region of HIV-1 was detected in the plasma samples by real-time polymerase ch...
Background and Aims: Retinoblastoma tumors are the most common intraocular malignancy in childhoo... more Background and Aims: Retinoblastoma tumors are the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, leading to death after two years. The Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infection could be critical in the retinoblastoma pathogenesis due to the virus and retinoblastoma 1 interactions. The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible presence of the HAdV genome in the retinoblastoma patient's tumors. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the HAdV infection in 96 pathological confirmed retinoblastoma samples. The DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks, and the virus infection was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age ± SD of the retinoblastoma patients was 28.89 ± 17 months. In addition, the demographic evaluation indicated that 43 (46.7%) of patients were female. The retinoblastoma laterality assessment indicates 87 (90.4%) unilateral and 9 (9.4%) bilateral t...
Background This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epste... more Background This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) coinfection as an etiological factor for prostate cancer (PCa) development. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 67 patients with PCa and 40 control subjects. The expression levels of cellular and viral factors involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis were quantified, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Results The EBV/HPV coinfection was reported in 14.9% of patients in the case group and 7.5% of the control subjects. The high-risk types of HPV, that is, HPV 16 and HPV 18, were responsible for 50 and 30% of HPV/EBV-coinfected PCa cases ( n = 10), respectively. No significant relationship was observed between PCa and HPV/EBV coinfection (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 0.18–45.2, P = 0.31). However, the highest percentage of HPV genome integration was found in the ...
Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 2017
Influenza epidemics and pandemics cause notable morbidity and mortality. Mortality cases are mos... more Influenza epidemics and pandemics cause notable morbidity and mortality. Mortality cases are mostly associated with immunopathogenic mechanisms, although still poorly understood. Human studies help to understand the immunopathogenesis of influenza. However, there is limited information in this regard. Recent studies using experimental animal models have significantly improved our knowledge on complex mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis during influenza infections including acute inflammatory responses of neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, toll-like receptors, chemokines, cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Due to influenza infection, elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines are produced during influenza-induced inflammation which are known as cytokine storm which is a severe immune response characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes and increased levels of cytokines and chemokines at the site of infection. This review aimed to discuss the most recent findings on mechanisms of influenza immunopathogenesis.
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Papers by Maryam Esghaei