Papers by Mohammed El-Maaytah
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Feb 1, 2006
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2002
This randomized and controlled, examiner-blind, 3-period, crossover clinical trial was designed t... more This randomized and controlled, examiner-blind, 3-period, crossover clinical trial was designed to determine the effect of an experimental denture adhesive, a marketed denture adhesive (European Fixodent® Fresh), or no denture adhesive on the breath odor of 37 adults wearing full maxillary and mandibular dentures. Breath quality was measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 hours after the start of each treatment period via monitoring of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) using a halimeter and second-person organoleptic grading. A 48-hour washout phase separated treatment periods. There were no statistically significant differences in VSCs between any of the treatment regimens over 6 hours. Both the denture adhesive treatments were superior in breath quality improvement in organoleptic scores compared to no denture adhesive at 3 and 6 hours (p=0.0001). This research demonstrates the ability of both an experimental and marketed denture adhesive to deliver superior second-person breath benefi...
The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2006
The opening chapter, ‘Before leaving home’, concisely covers what the overseas doctor should expe... more The opening chapter, ‘Before leaving home’, concisely covers what the overseas doctor should expect and lists the essentials for training/working in the UK. The information on The Royal College of Surgeons of England and its rules are not fully detailed here but are dealt with in a later. The second chapter, ‘Medicine in Britain’, presents an introduction to the NHS and the different types of hospital in the UK. It encourages the overseas doctor to practise a multidisciplinary team approach, explains what constitutes a good team and the consequences of poor teamwork. However, the topic suddenly changes into talking about the British Medical Association, The Royal College of Surgeons of England and the pay banding for doctors. It is difficult to explain about medicine in Britain in 12 pages but we found this chapter informative despite being a little disorganised. ‘Career planning’ is the best chapter in the book. It describes all the essentials for career planning and choosing a specialty. It also explains the difference between training and non-training posts as well as the different grades in each, information that the overseas doctor will need to understand before coming to the UK. The section about ‘General practice in the UK’ stresses the importance of this part of the healthcare system to the NHS and also the career opportunities for overseas doctors wishing to work in the UK as a GP. The pathways into UK general practice are well described, as are the different types of practices. However, the rest of the information is not detailed enough and the overseas doctor would be best advised to research other sources to gain a full understanding of general practice in the UK. In the chapter entitled ‘Essential paperwork’, the authors cover what the overseas doctor should practise while in a hospital post. It is written in a clear and simple way in order to guide them into what the British hospital system expects of them in contrast to what they may be more used to. Topics covered include the doctor–patient relationship, making and taking decisions, clinical record guidelines, referral letters, etc. ‘Examinations’ is another good chapter and includes many hints on how to prepare for an examination (especially the IELTS, PLAB and MRCS) with sound advice on ‘strategies before talent and luck’. It also gives the reader information on each membership examination, including cost, courses, what textbooks to read, pass rate and many other useful tips. ‘Hard times’ gives the reader an introduction to real life away from home, what to expect and how to face failing exams. It also tackles the very sensitive issue of racism and guides the overseas doctor on how to cope and deal with stress in many ways. The final chapter, ‘Living in Britain’, gives broad, general information on living in the UK. It explains about banking, tax, health and money issues, accommodation, transport and entertainment. However, it also contains some unnecessary and not very useful information. In summary, we thoroughly enjoyed reading this book and were impressed with its content. This book will be invaluable reading for overseas doctors who already work or are considering working in Britain.
Lasers in Medical Science, 2008
In root canal therapy, it is important to completely eliminate the dental pulp, contaminants, and... more In root canal therapy, it is important to completely eliminate the dental pulp, contaminants, and bacteria from the canal by root canal preparation and irrigation. As a general rule, root canals are cleaned mechanically using a reamer or f ile, or chemically using various agents. Since the root canal system is complicated and delicate, it is difficult to completely eliminate organic and inorganic substances that remain in the root canals, even with the most thorough mechanical cleaning. Therefore, in clinical settings, the residual dental pulp tissue and contaminants are dissolved and eliminated using chemicals that can also sterilize root canals.1 Root canals are usually filled with an irrigant and then mechanically enlarged and cleaned with the aid of the irrigant. During mechanical root canal preparation, dentin particles and dental pulp fragments may accumulate on the reamers and files and reduce the cutting efficiency. Root Canal Irrigation Using Nd:YAG Laser in Combination wit...
World journal of orthodontics, 2008
To evaluate the current evidence identifying risk factors for post-orthognathic mandibular condyl... more To evaluate the current evidence identifying risk factors for post-orthognathic mandibular condylar resorption. Studies published between January 1980 and August 2006 related to post-orthognathic condylar resorption were identified by searching the following databases: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, DARE, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews. The following keywords were used to identify relevant publications: condylar resorption, progressive condylar resorption, condylar atrophy, dysfunctional remodeling, and condylysis. A hand search of these papers was also carried out to identify additional articles. A number of methodological flaws are present within the current literature, including the comparison of nonmatched patient groups and poor imaging techniques, which makes evaluation difficult. Significant risk factors identified for condylar resorption include being female with mandibular retrognathia associated with an increased mandibular plane angle, the pr...
British Dental Journal, 2010
Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 1999
Thirty-two healthy, dentate volunteers with unexplained non-systemic halitosis took part in this ... more Thirty-two healthy, dentate volunteers with unexplained non-systemic halitosis took part in this blind, 2-cell (metronidazole and quinine control), randomised, single rinse, crossover study. The effects of both mouthwashes on the tongue bacterial microbiota, salivary microbiota, breath odour and the odour generating potentials of subjects' saliva were measured. Metronidazole mouthwash reduced both breath odour and incubated salivary odour to a significantly greater extent (p B 0.05) than did the quinine control. The odour reduction was associated with a significant reduction in the bacterial counts per unit area of tongue surface. In particular, the reductions in the strict anaerobic species (up to 1.5 log-fold) and proportions of sulphide-producing organisms, were highly significant (p B 0.001), even up to 24 hours post-rinse. This study confirmed the highly selective nature of metronidazole. The concomitant reduction of both breath odour and recovery of strict anaerobes from the tongue (correlation, r 2 =0.776; p B 0.005) supports the theory that this group of organisms are the major contributors to oral malodour production.
Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 1999
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tongue Microbiota and Malodour Effects of Metronidazole Mouthrinse on Tongue Mic... more ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tongue Microbiota and Malodour Effects of Metronidazole Mouthrinse on Tongue Microbiota and Breath Odour Gillian Hartley1, Colin McKenzie1, John Greenman1, Mohammed A. El-Maaytah1, Crispían Scully2 and Stephen Porter2 From the 1Oral Microbiology Unit, ...
Proceedings of SPIE, Nov 7, 2005
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been shown to spread locally and infiltrate adjacent bone... more Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been shown to spread locally and infiltrate adjacent bone or via the lymphatic system to the cervical lymph nodes. This usually necessitates a surgical neck dissection and either a local or segmental resection for bone clearance. While histopathology remains the gold standard for tissue diagnosis, several new diagnostic techniques are being developed that rely on physical and biochemical changes that mirror or precede malignant changes within tissue. The aim of this study was to compare findings of Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy (ESS) with histopathology on formalin-fixed specimens of both neck lymph node dissections and de-calcified archival bone from patients with OSCC. We wished to see if this technique could be used as an adjunct or alternative to histopathology in defining cervical nodal involvement and if it could be used to identify bone resection margins positive for tumour. 130 lymph nodes were examined from 13 patients. The nodes were formalin-fixed, bivalved and examined by ESS. The intensity of the spectrum at 4 points was considered for comparison; at 360nm, 450nm, 630nm and 690nm. 341 spectra were taken from the mandibular specimens of 21 patients, of which 231 spectra were taken from histologically positive sites and the rest were normal. The nodes and bone specimens were then routinely processed with haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, examined histopathologically, and the results compared. Using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as a statistical method, a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 68% was obtained for the neck nodes and a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 80% for the bone margins.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-biology, Apr 1, 2006
Background: Early detection of premalignant/malignant lesions in the oral cavity can certainly im... more Background: Early detection of premalignant/malignant lesions in the oral cavity can certainly improve the patient's prognosis. This study presents fluorescence imaging with the topical application of 5-aminolevulinic as a way to improve detection of various oral tissue pathologies. This procedure depends mainly on comparing the intensity of red and green fluorescence emitted from tissues during examination. Materials and methods: Seventy-one patients who presented with clinically suspicious oral leukoplakia were recruited for this study. Each of the patients was required to have 5-aminolevulinic acid in the form of mouth rinse prior to fluorescence imaging. Following this a surgical biopsy was acquired from the exact examination site. The results of the fluorescence spectroscopy have been compared with histopathology. Results: A Student's t-test was applied to test the viability of the ratio between red and green fluorescence. The red-to-green ratio was found to increase significantly when the lesion was identified as dysplastic or carcinoma in situ. By applying a threshold line to discriminate between normal and dysplastic lesions; a sensitivity of 83-90% and specificity of 79-89% were obtained. Conclusion: Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX was found as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of oral premalignancy. This technique offers the potential to be advantageous over other non-optical techniques in terms of providing real-time diagnosis, in situ monitoring, cost effectiveness and more tolerated by patient compared to surgical biopsy.
Oral Oncology, Mar 1, 2006
The "gold standard" of assessing pathological changes in tissue is currently hi... more The "gold standard" of assessing pathological changes in tissue is currently histopathology. However, the processing of biopsy material and the interpretation of the results inevitably leads to diagnostic delay and the added possibility of taking an unrepresentative sample. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of optical spectroscopy systems to be able to provide tissue diagnosis in real-time, non-invasively and in situ. These systems rely on the fact that the optical spectrum derived from any tissue will contain information about the histological and biochemical make up of that tissue. The technique has not only been shown to have a role in the detection of dysplasia and malignancy but also in performing guided biopsies, monitoring of haemoglobin tissue perfusion in free-flaps and therapeutic drug levels during chemo- and photodynamic therapy. The assessment of surgical margins and a role in sentinel node biopsy are also interesting developments. The obvious advantages of being able to accurately diagnose pathology without the need to remove a tissue sample diminish patient trauma as well as having financial implications.
Oral Oncology, Apr 1, 2006
Optical spectroscopy systems have been involved in various clinical fields; however the main inte... more Optical spectroscopy systems have been involved in various clinical fields; however the main interest is still in the diagnosis of premalignant/malignant lesions. The aim of this study was to compare findings of Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy (ESS) with histopathology of oral tissues to see if this technique could be used as an adjunct or alternative to histopathology in identifying dysplasia. The technique involves the use of Mie scattering and is a simple non-invasive method of tissue interrogation. Twenty-five oral sites from 25 patients who presented with oral leukoplakia were examined by ESS using a pulsed xenon-arc lamp. Surgical biopsies were acquired from each of the examination sites. The results of the acquired spectra were then compared with histopathology. Two sets of spectra were obtained, and by using a linear discriminant analysis, a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 75% were obtained. These results are promising and could suggest that ESS may be able to identify dysplasia in oral tissues. To prove the usefulness of the ESS in dysplasia detection in oral tissues conclusively, a larger body of data is needed. We aim to continue this study to obtain more data in an attempt to increase the accuracy of the technique. Large, multi-centre trails are needed for each anatomical site, in order to gather more information about the differences between normal and dysplastic tissue.
Archives of Oral Biology, Dec 1, 2006
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are characterized by their high tendency for invasi... more Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are characterized by their high tendency for invasion and metastasis. Several studies have identified the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and urokinase plasminogen activators (uPA) in this process. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment currently in clinical practice for the treatment of early cancer. Here we evaluate, in vitro, the influence of PDT on the expression of these molecules. A series of human keratinocyte cell lines derived from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were used as the PDT 'targets' in this study. Each cell line was subjected to sublethal dose of PDT. Activity of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, uPA and VEGF were evaluated at protein levels using zymography and ELISA on culture medium. For uPA, a chromogenic assay was performed. Gelatin zymography results revealed that, in control medium, MMP-9 and MMP-2 were secreted in proform. MMP-2 was highly expressed by H376 cells while VB6 and UP cells relatively show similar MMP-2 with comparatively low expression. For MMP-9, the latent type was highly expressed by VB6 cells and only slightly by H376, while active-MMP-9 was expressed by VB6 cell line only. Following PDT, both active and latent MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down regulated by UP and VB6 cells (p < 0.001), while H376 showed an increase in active-MMP-2. These observations were supported by ELISA. This study has demonstrated that, PDT causes the suppression of factors responsible for tumour invasion which may be of therapeutic value.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, Oct 1, 2006
ABSTRACT This prospective study reports the proportion of permanent sensory impairment of the inf... more ABSTRACT This prospective study reports the proportion of permanent sensory impairment of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves and the factors influencing such prevalence after the removal of mandibular third molars under local anesthesia. There were 1,087 patients with 1,087 mandibular third molars removed under local anesthesia from 1998 to 2003. Standardized data collection included the patient&amp;#39;s name, age, gender, radiographic position of extracted tooth, grade of surgeon, proximity of the inferior alveolar nerve, and the prevalence of lingual and/or inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia. Inferior alveolar nerve injury was 4.1% 1 week after surgery and decreased to 0.7% after 2 years of follow-up, and alteration in tongue sensation occurred in 6.5% of patients 1 week after surgery and decreased to 1.0% after 2 years of follow-up. The experience of the operator was found to be a significant factor in determining both permanent lingual nerve (P=.022) and permanent inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia (P=.026).
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Aug 1, 1994
A study of the willingness of 363 general dental practices in Brazil to accept a patient infected... more A study of the willingness of 363 general dental practices in Brazil to accept a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus for treatment of dental pain and the provision of routine dental care showed only 44% of dental practices to be willing to provide dental care. Willingness was influenced neither by financial factors nor the local prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus disease.
Oral Diseases, Jun 28, 2008
The objectives of the study were to determine the compliance of a group of dental health care wor... more The objectives of the study were to determine the compliance of a group of dental health care workers and students in aspects of cross-infection control. The dentists and dental students working in a dental clinic were observed by a &#39;hidden&#39; ceiling-mounted video camera. Procedures were recorded onto videotape and the actions of the observed clinicians and students assessed by two suitably qualified assessors. An emergency Oral Medicine clinic in a dental hospital. Seventy nine dentists and 35 dental undergraduates. The action of staff and students were recorded on videotape and assessed retrospectively. Degree of compliance with recognised infection control policies. Compliance with recommended guidelines for control of cross-infection was poor. In only 56% of health care worker-patient contacts were protective gloves changed between patients. Facemasks and protective eyewear were only worn in 38% and 29% of such contacts respectively. Compliance with cross-infection control measures are poor in dentistry--even when clinicians are provided with appropriate facilities.
Oral Diseases, Sep 1, 2005
Reluctance of dentists to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients represents a... more Reluctance of dentists to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients represents a major concern. Many efforts have been extended towards the documentation of the extent of this reluctance and speculation of factors that influence it.Objectives: Assess the willingness of dentists in Jordan to treat HIV‐infected patients.Materials and methods: Two hundred and forty‐two general dental practices were surveyed for their willingness to provide treatment of toothache and routine dental care of an HIV‐infected individual.Results: Only 15% of the dental practices were willing to provide such care. Willingness to provide treatment did not seem to be influenced by financial factors or the local prevalence of HIV disease.Conclusion: Present data suggest that HIV‐infected individuals will have difficulty in obtaining dental health care in Jordan.
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Laryngocele: a rare complication of sur... more <b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Laryngocele: a rare complication of surgical tracheostomy"BMC Surgery 2006;6():14-14.Published online 27 Nov 2006PMCID:PMC1676021.
Direct microvascular monitoring of a free autologous jejunal flap using microendoscopy: a case re... more Direct microvascular monitoring of a free autologous jejunal flap using microendoscopy: a case report
Uploads
Papers by Mohammed El-Maaytah