Papers by Mohammed Noor Embi
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Dec 1, 1987
Melioidosis was first recognised in man in 1912 when Whitmore and Krishnaswami (1912) provided a ... more Melioidosis was first recognised in man in 1912 when Whitmore and Krishnaswami (1912) provided a detailed description of a disease manifest in beggars and morphine addicts found dead on the streets of Rangoon. Since that initial report, melioidosis cases have continually been ...
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International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Jun 1, 2012
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Journal of Medical Microbiology, Jun 1, 1987
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Fems Microbiology Letters, 1987
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Tropical biomedicine, 2018
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis is a common cause of sepsis mainly ... more Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis is a common cause of sepsis mainly in diabetic individuals in South East Asia. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) plays a pivotal role in modulating inflammatory balance in Gram-negative bacterial infections. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of GSK3β significantly improved survival of hyperglycaemic mice acutely infected with B. pseudomallei. With GSK3β inhibition, we found significant modulation between pro- (IL-12, TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL10) serum cytokines which may have contributed to bacterial clearance in multiple organs of B. pseudomallei-infected hyperglycaemic mice. Concurrently, an increase in phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser-9 was observed in the liver of B. pseudomallei-infected hyperglycaemic mice. Likewise, B. pseudomallei-infected non-hyperglycaemic mice upon GSK3β inhibition showed similar trends of bacterial clearance and modulation of serum cytokines; however, the effect of enha...
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The Journal of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 2000
Hybridoma fusion and subsequent limited dilution cloning generated monoclonal antibodies towards ... more Hybridoma fusion and subsequent limited dilution cloning generated monoclonal antibodies towards the exotoxin of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Ten subclones were produced from three parent hybridomas and one representative subclone of each parent was further ...
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Malaysian applied biology, 2014
Ethnomedicinal use of plants from the Artocarpus genus has been extensively documented to include... more Ethnomedicinal use of plants from the Artocarpus genus has been extensively documented to include treatment of inflammation and malarial fever. Anti-plasmodial effects of Artocarpus scortechinii (synonym A. elasticus) reported against P. falciparum 3D7 culture in erythrocytes remain to be validated in vivo. The present study involved re-evaluation of anti-plasmodial activity of ethanolic extract of A. scortechinii in vitro, assessment of the extract for chemo-suppressive effects in vivo, and fractionation and identification of bioactive compounds. The ethanolic extract of A. scortechinii displayed moderate inhibitory activity towards growth of P. falciparum 3D7 (IC50=14.4±8.1 μg/mL) with minimal toxicity effect in mammalian Chang liver cells (selectivity index, SI=13.9). Administration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight extract into P. berghei-infected mice for four consecutive days resulted in dose-dependent chemo-suppression of 43.2, 74.8 and 78.4% respectively. Vacuum liquid chr...
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Malaysian applied biology, 2018
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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an intracellular pathogen capab... more Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an intracellular pathogen capable of invading and multiplying in both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Infection results in an inflammatory response involving production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The cellular mechanism regulating this response, believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of meliodoisis, is not fully understood. In recent years, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has been shown to assume a pivotal role in regulating production of these cytokines. Bacterial infection of host cells activates Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and results in the phosphorylation of GSK3β through activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of GSK3 inhibition in regulating B. pseudomallei-induced inflammatory response in macrophages and A549 epithelial lung cells. Our results showed that infection of cells with B. pseudomallei resulted in th...
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Pharmacological inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein... more Pharmacological inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), two kinases commonly associated with signaling within cells, have been shown to suppress in vivo or ex vivo growth of plasmodial sp. Here we evaluated antiplasmodial activities ex vivo of four inhibitors against GSK3 [lithium chloride (LiCl),kenpaullone, (2’Z, 3’E)-6-bromoindirubin-3’-oxime (BIO) and SB216763]; and two against p38 MAPK (RWJ67657 and SB202190) individually and in combination preparatory to understanding the role of protein kinases in plasmodial development.The order of decreasing growth-suppressing potencies of the GSK3 inhibitors tested against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 cultured ex vivo in erythrocytes was BIO (IC50=3.13 μM) > kenpaullone (IC50 = 18.3 μM) > SB216763 (IC50= 27.12 μM)> LiCl (IC50= 25 468 μM). The p38 MAPK inhibitor, RWJ67657, displayed an IC50 of 7.52 μM against 3D7. SB202190 was less effective at inhibiting 3D7 displaying an I...
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Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 2005
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fulminating disease in South E... more Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fulminating disease in South East Asia and northern Australia. B. pseudomallei is known to secrete various extracellular products related to its pathogenesis, such as lethal exotoxin, protease and hemolysin. We have attempted to purify the exotoxin as studies have shown it to exhibit necrotic and cytotoxic activities and inhibit cellular protein synthesis. Purification was performed by antibody mediated affinity chromatography using previously generated single chain variable fragments (scFv) towards partially purified B. pseudomallei exotoxin coupled to a diaminodipropylamine column. B. pseudomallei was grown in BHIB + 2% glycerol under static conditions at 37°C for 7 days and crude extract was subjected to the scFv-linked column to capture the exotoxin. SDS- PAGE analysis exhibited a purified protein migrating as a single band bearing a size of approximately 37kDa. N-terminal protein sequencing and further bioinform...
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Malaysian applied biology, 2015
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Electronic Journal of …, 2003
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of curcumin treatment on survivability,... more The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of curcumin treatment on survivability, cytokine response, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mice. Curcumin, a bioactive compound identified in Curcuma longa has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties via inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and consequent downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cytokine production. Here we used a murine model of acute melioidosis to investigate the effects of curcumin administration on experimental animal survivability, the phosphorylation state of GSK3β and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in serum, liver and spleen of B. pseudomallei-infected mice. Intraperitoneal administration of curcumin (60 mg/kg b.w.) significantly (P<0.05) improved survivability (44%) o...
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Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics
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BioMed research international, 2016
Plasmodium falciparum mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, a family of enzymes central to sig... more Plasmodium falciparum mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, a family of enzymes central to signal transduction processes including inflammatory responses, are a promising target for antimalarial drug development. Our study shows for the first time that the P. falciparum specific MAP kinase 2 (PfMAP2) is colocalized in the nucleus of all of the asexual erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum and is particularly elevated in its phosphorylated form. It was also discovered that PfMAP2 is expressed in its highest quantity during the early trophozoite (ring form) stage and significantly reduced in the mature trophozoite and schizont stages. Although the phosphorylated form of the kinase is always more prevalent, its ratio relative to the nonphosphorylated form remained constant irrespective of the parasites' developmental stage. We have also shown that the TSH motif specifically renders PfMAP2 genetically divergent from the other plasmodial MAP kinase activation sites using Neighbour ...
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Papers by Mohammed Noor Embi