Ethiopia is facing rapid urbanization leading to overcrowding and the development of slums and in... more Ethiopia is facing rapid urbanization leading to overcrowding and the development of slums and informal settlements with poor waste management practices. Urban dwellers generally consume more resources than rural dwellers, and so generate huge quantities of solid wastes. This study is focused on the overall assessment of the existing MSWM service of Gondar town. The overall objective of this study was assessing the current solid waste management service of Gondar town. Both primary and secondary sources were used to achieve the objectives. The analysis of this study was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The findings of this study revealed that the present system of MSWM in Gondar town entirely relied on the municipality which provided the full range of waste collection, transportation and disposal service. But, the provision of this service is not kept in pace with the town solid waste generation. Based on the findings of this study, the town households' dominantly produced biodegradable solid wastes with generation rate of 0.21kg/person/day. This made the daily total solid waste generation of households to be 8,140Kg. Together with other four solid waste sources the total daily solid waste generation of the town is about 11660 kg. So that MSWM of the town is found in very low status and spatial coverage. This poor status of MSWM is also intensified by three critical factors i.e poor institutional structure and capacity of Sanitation and beautification, limited participation and contribution of stakeholders and poor households' solid waste management practices. This study concluded that, there should be sustainable solid waste management systems (reuse, recycle, composting, and incineration) through awareness creation and training, improvement of SB institutional structure and capacity, and implementation of integrated MSWM approach which recognizes and comprises all stakeholders in the town.
As the world becomes more urbanized and developed consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitabl... more As the world becomes more urbanized and developed consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitable consequence of more consumption is the rapid increase in the amount of solid waste that is produced. Today, solid-waste management (SWM) conditions in the developing world are often quite dire and reminiscent of those found in the developed world several generations ago. The impact of inadequate SWM practices on natural and human environments is now being acknowledged. This report is founded on a comprehensive literature review concerning SWM in developing countries. It also introduces a preliminary research design relevant to a SWM assessment for a hypothetical situation in Peru. The literature review is organized according to three categories of constraints-each paired with intervention conceptsthat contribute to the mismanagement of solid waste. These are: 1) culture, knowledge, and microeconomics; 2) infrastructure, social provisions, and technology; and 3) policy, institutions, and macroeconomics. A fourth topic, namely integrated systems for SWM, is iv also reviewed because it allows for the simultaneous use of multiple interventions to address multiple constraints. Solid-waste management is a multidimensional issue that incorporates political, institutional, social, environmental, and economic aspects. Improving SWM in developing countries requires efforts to raise public awareness, increase funding, build expertise, and invest in infrastructure. To make progress communities will need to embrace new systems for SWM that are participatory, contextually integrated, complex, and adaptive. (94 pages) v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My thanks go to Layne Coppock for his continuing advisement, input, time, and energy towards my project. He offered his constant support throughout the writing process and his guidance and reassurance has been essential in my completion of this report. I also thank my other committee members, Claudia Radel and Joseph Tainter, for their support and expertise. It has been a joy and honor to work with you all. I want to thank the Peace Corps for giving me the opportunity to work with some amazing people in beautiful places. I could not have undertaken this effort without the wonderful people of Peru and the support of the Peace Corps. Both of my host families adopted me and made me a member of their families from day one; I could never express how much their love and support means to me. It was an experience of a lifetime and the skills and lessons I learned will stay with me forever. Last, but certainly not least, I also want to thank my family for their constant support and encouragement throughout this project and my life. They have always supported me in the pursuit of my academic and life goals. They have always stood by me through the good and the bad. They were also with me for every step of the long and tedious journey of completing this project. I can never properly express how much their love and support has meant to me.
This article explores the internal and external factors that affect the leaders of Higher learnin... more This article explores the internal and external factors that affect the leaders of Higher learning institutions (HLIs) in their attempt to ensure the quality of education. Higher learning institutions are physical spaces that equip learners with advanced knowledge, skills, and appropriate attitude toward various disciplines and fields. However, the challenge for most developing countries is that their higher education systems lack quality education, which has implications for leadership. Owing to the complex nature of the subject matter under investigation, a mixed-methods research approach was followed in the study, undertaken in four HLIs (two public and two private). The focus on leadership was motivated by a generally agreed view that leadership is the key to ensuring quality education in HLIs. However, according to the study, some internal and external factors challenge the Ethiopian HLI leadership in its effort to provide quality education in this sector. The study has reveale...
Ethiopia is facing rapid urbanization leading to overcrowding and the development of slums and in... more Ethiopia is facing rapid urbanization leading to overcrowding and the development of slums and informal settlements with poor waste management practices. Urban dwellers generally consume more resources than rural dwellers, and so generate huge quantities of solid wastes. This study is focused on the overall assessment of the existing MSWM service of Gondar town. The overall objective of this study was assessing the current solid waste management service of Gondar town. Both primary and secondary sources were used to achieve the objectives. The analysis of this study was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The findings of this study revealed that the present system of MSWM in Gondar town entirely relied on the municipality which provided the full range of waste collection, transportation and disposal service. But, the provision of this service is not kept in pace with the town solid waste generation. Based on the findings of this study, the town households' dominantly produced biodegradable solid wastes with generation rate of 0.21kg/person/day. This made the daily total solid waste generation of households to be 8,140Kg. Together with other four solid waste sources the total daily solid waste generation of the town is about 11660 kg. So that MSWM of the town is found in very low status and spatial coverage. This poor status of MSWM is also intensified by three critical factors i.e poor institutional structure and capacity of Sanitation and beautification, limited participation and contribution of stakeholders and poor households' solid waste management practices. This study concluded that, there should be sustainable solid waste management systems (reuse, recycle, composting, and incineration) through awareness creation and training, improvement of SB institutional structure and capacity, and implementation of integrated MSWM approach which recognizes and comprises all stakeholders in the town.
As the world becomes more urbanized and developed consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitabl... more As the world becomes more urbanized and developed consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitable consequence of more consumption is the rapid increase in the amount of solid waste that is produced. Today, solid-waste management (SWM) conditions in the developing world are often quite dire and reminiscent of those found in the developed world several generations ago. The impact of inadequate SWM practices on natural and human environments is now being acknowledged. This report is founded on a comprehensive literature review concerning SWM in developing countries. It also introduces a preliminary research design relevant to a SWM assessment for a hypothetical situation in Peru. The literature review is organized according to three categories of constraints-each paired with intervention conceptsthat contribute to the mismanagement of solid waste. These are: 1) culture, knowledge, and microeconomics; 2) infrastructure, social provisions, and technology; and 3) policy, institutions, and macroeconomics. A fourth topic, namely integrated systems for SWM, is iv also reviewed because it allows for the simultaneous use of multiple interventions to address multiple constraints. Solid-waste management is a multidimensional issue that incorporates political, institutional, social, environmental, and economic aspects. Improving SWM in developing countries requires efforts to raise public awareness, increase funding, build expertise, and invest in infrastructure. To make progress communities will need to embrace new systems for SWM that are participatory, contextually integrated, complex, and adaptive. (94 pages) v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My thanks go to Layne Coppock for his continuing advisement, input, time, and energy towards my project. He offered his constant support throughout the writing process and his guidance and reassurance has been essential in my completion of this report. I also thank my other committee members, Claudia Radel and Joseph Tainter, for their support and expertise. It has been a joy and honor to work with you all. I want to thank the Peace Corps for giving me the opportunity to work with some amazing people in beautiful places. I could not have undertaken this effort without the wonderful people of Peru and the support of the Peace Corps. Both of my host families adopted me and made me a member of their families from day one; I could never express how much their love and support means to me. It was an experience of a lifetime and the skills and lessons I learned will stay with me forever. Last, but certainly not least, I also want to thank my family for their constant support and encouragement throughout this project and my life. They have always supported me in the pursuit of my academic and life goals. They have always stood by me through the good and the bad. They were also with me for every step of the long and tedious journey of completing this project. I can never properly express how much their love and support has meant to me.
This article explores the internal and external factors that affect the leaders of Higher learnin... more This article explores the internal and external factors that affect the leaders of Higher learning institutions (HLIs) in their attempt to ensure the quality of education. Higher learning institutions are physical spaces that equip learners with advanced knowledge, skills, and appropriate attitude toward various disciplines and fields. However, the challenge for most developing countries is that their higher education systems lack quality education, which has implications for leadership. Owing to the complex nature of the subject matter under investigation, a mixed-methods research approach was followed in the study, undertaken in four HLIs (two public and two private). The focus on leadership was motivated by a generally agreed view that leadership is the key to ensuring quality education in HLIs. However, according to the study, some internal and external factors challenge the Ethiopian HLI leadership in its effort to provide quality education in this sector. The study has reveale...
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