Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is among the evolving membrane-based processes available for energy... more Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is among the evolving membrane-based processes available for energy harvesting by mixing water with different salinities. The chemical potential difference causes the movement of cations and anions in opposite directions that can then be transformed into the electrical current at the electrodes by redox reactions. Although several works have shown the possibilities of achieving high power densities through the RED system, the transformation to the industrial-scale stacks remains a challenge particularly in understanding the correlation between ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) and the operating conditions. This work provides an overview of the RED system including its development and modifications of IEM utilized in the RED system. The effects of modified membranes particularly on the psychochemical properties of the membranes and the effects of numerous operating variables are discussed. The prospects of combining the RED system with other technologies such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, heat engine, microbial fuel cell), and flow battery have been summarized based on open-loop and closed-loop configurations. This review attempts to explain the development and prospect of RED technology for salinity gradient power production and further elucidate the integrated RED system as a promising way to harvest energy while reducing the impact of liquid waste disposal on the environment.
In this study, the quality evaluation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated wastewater was perform... more In this study, the quality evaluation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated wastewater was performed for its reuse in irrigation. In addition, the qualities of MBR effluents desalinated with nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes were compared with the irrigation standards. MBR effluent was not found as appropriate water for irrigation because of its high salinity. According to water quality measurements (especially SAR and EC values) it was considered that NF and RO permeates could decrease the soil permeability if they are used directly for irrigation. According to the results of SAR-EC analyses, the mixture of MBR effluent with RO permeate at a volume ratio of 2:1 (MBR effluent:RO permeate) was found to be suitable for irrigation to suppress the harmful effects of MBR permeate such as salinity. Using such mixture could also ameliorate adverse effects of RO permeate in terms of infiltration.
Clean water sources are quickly depleted since the industrial revolution due to climate change an... more Clean water sources are quickly depleted since the industrial revolution due to climate change and overpopulation. Use of potable water for agricultural irrigation is under imminent threat. Therefore, it is important to obtain irrigation water from alternative sources such as industrial wastewaters. On the other hand, industrial wastewaters have to be treated well otherwise they can pollute the environment and decrease the irrigation potential of soil. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters have a great potential to be used in agricultural irrigation. In this study, the permeates of NF270 and BW30-RO membranes were produced from MBR effluent discharged from Wastewater Treatment Plant of ITOB Organized Industrial Zone, Menderes, Izmir. They were evaluated for their reuse in agricultural irrigation. While doing this evaluation, effect of operating pressure on water quality was also investigated. It was found that the RO permeate is not suitable to reuse in irrigation. On the other hand, the NF permeate could be suitable for medium-salinity tolerant plants.
Brine generated from membrane filtration processes is becoming an important concern. Indeed, untr... more Brine generated from membrane filtration processes is becoming an important concern. Indeed, untreated or improperly managed concentrate can lead to serious negative effects in the environment. As some other flow configurations of RO systems, concentrate recirculation allows to reduce the brine generation. In this study, a high system water recovery and concentrate retention was achieved with the additional advantage of a reduced membrane water recovery, which minimizes the fouling effects of the increasing concentration of the solution being passed through the membrane. Solute rejections and permeate quality were not significantly affected by the different concentrate retention ratios and by the increasing salinity concentration of the solution in the feed tank during three hours of experiments. However, highly concentrated feed water can damage membranes and reduce its performances. Hence, with this configuration, the process have to be interrupted when the salt concentration in the feed tank reach a certain level.
In this study, the wastewater treated by the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process at the wastewater ... more In this study, the wastewater treated by the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process at the wastewater treatment plant of ITOB Organized Industrial Zone was used as the feed solution for further desalination by nanofiltration (NF90) and reverse osmosis (BW30) membranes. The effect of chemical cleaning to control the membrane fouling during long-term repeated uses of both NF and RO membranes were investigated. The water permeability values were obtained using deionized water as the feed solution after five cycles of desalination-membrane cleaning-permeability tests. Water permeability values changed from 3.93 L/m 2 •h•bar to 1.35 L/m 2 •h•bar for BW30 and 7.76 L/m 2 •h•bar to 2.65 L/m 2 •h•bar for NF90. The permeability tests were also carried out by using MBR effluent as the feed solution for better evaluation of fouling effects for MBR treated wastewater on desalination performance of NF and RO membranes. An optimal cleaning strategy was suggested throughout the study. to find a solution to water scarcity problems and desalination via membrane processes is the predominant solution today. New desalination plants are installed every year to recover water from various water resources including wastewater for its later use in irrigation, industry or for drinking purposes [2].
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters generally include high amounts of s... more Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters generally include high amounts of salinity, nitrate and hardness. Although MBR process can be applied for the production of low and/or medium quality water, nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) processes are needed for removal of excess salinity from MBR effluent. Since the fouling is a unique problem for membrane systems, pre-treatment operations are gaining importance. Main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of NF system as pre-treatment before RO system in wastewater treatment. Feed solutions with two different conductivities were fed to the RO system for this purpose. In addition, change in the permeate quality was monitored and permeate quality increase was noticed in the NF pre-treatment study. Average normalized permeate fluxes of RO system were 32.3 L/m 2 .h and 28.7 L/m 2 .h for the study with NF pre-treatment and with only RO study, respectively. Treated wastewaters were also evaluated for the suitability of their reuse in cooling, steam generation as process water and agricultural irrigation. Experiments were performed in wastewater treatment plant of ITOB-Industrial Organized Zone (ITOB-OSB
This study investigated the transesterification of corn oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) ... more This study investigated the transesterification of corn oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and free fatty acid (FFA) conversion using macroporous strong acid cationic (Purolite CT175 in H+ and Na+ forms) and strong base anionic (Purolite A500TLPlus in OH– form) resins. Taguchi experimental design was used for the optimization of molar ratio of methanol to oil (6:1, 12:1, and 18:1 mol/mol), reaction time (24, 36, 48 h), reaction temperature (63, 65, 67 °C), and resin loading (12, 16, 20 wt %). For both ionic forms of Purolite CT175, resin loading of 12 wt %, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol to oil (MeOH:Oil) mol ratio of 18:1, and reaction time of 24 h were found as optimum conditions. On the other hand, 12 wt % of resin loading, 65 °C of reaction temperature, 6:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, and 24 h of reaction time were obtained as optimum conditions for Purolite A500TLPlus resin in OH– form. The maximal FFA conversions of approximately 80%, 81%, and 76% were achieved at optimum conditio...
The issue tending toward alternative water resources tremendously becomes important for supplying... more The issue tending toward alternative water resources tremendously becomes important for supplying the increasing water demand all over the world. It may be a good option to evaluate industrial effluents for agricultural irrigation. However, industrial effluent must be cleansed from the factors such as salt, toxic compounds, and microbial load that possibly cause negative effects on soil during agricultural irrigation. In this study, microbiological qualities and toxicity conditions of water sources such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) influent, MBR effluent, and mixture of MBR effluent and reverse osmosis (RO) permeate (MBR:RO = 2:1) were analyzed and evaluated according to irrigation standards. Total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (TAHB), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), and Clostridium spp. were screened and enumerated as indicator microbial groups for the microbial quality of water samples. Analyses of indicator microorganisms showed that loads of different bacterial groups decreased by 5.2 and 6.66 log units at maximum levels in MBR and MBR + RO system at the end of treatment. Also, evaluation of the toxicity effects of MBR effluent and MBR + RO permeate waters on Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna was investigated. None of the samples showed any acute toxic effect on D. magna after 48 h and V. fischeri in 5 min and 15 min. From the outputs of this study, it can be said that industrial effluents treated by advanced filtration technologies may provide a significant source of water for agricultural irrigation. This option can have positive impacts on both environmental and economic factors.
Колективна монографія включає статті за матеріалами українськотурецького семінару, який було пров... more Колективна монографія включає статті за матеріалами українськотурецького семінару, який було проведено 11 листопада 2016 р. на базі Інституту загальної та неорганічної хімії ім. В. І. Вернадського НАН України за участю фахівців Егейського університету (Турецька республіка) та за підтримки Відділення хімії НАН України, Відділу міжнародних зв'язків НАН України, а також Наукової та Технічної дослідної Ради Турецької республіки TÜBİTAK. У монографії наведено результати досліджень, які направлені на вилучення токсичних і цінних компонентів із розчинів техногенного та природного походження, зокрема з біологічних рідин, із застосуванням сорбційних та мембранних методів. Результати робіт можуть бути застосовані у водопідготовці, хімічній, фармацевтичній, харчовій промисловості. Особливу увагу приділено синтезу нових матеріалів для процесів розділення та впливу структури цих матеріалів на їх функціональні властивості: проникну здатність, електропровідність, каталітичну спроможність тощо. Монографія є корисною для фахівців в області мембранних та сорбційних технологій, а також для студентів вищих навчальних закладів.
Aspir ( Carthamus tinctorius ) yenilebilir yag uretiminde kullanilan yagli tohum bitkilerinden bi... more Aspir ( Carthamus tinctorius ) yenilebilir yag uretiminde kullanilan yagli tohum bitkilerinden biri olup, yetistiriciligi son yillarda dunya genelinde artmaktadir. Yapilan calismalar aspir tohumu yaginin zeytinyagi, aycicegi ve yer fistigi yagi ile benzer ozellikler tasidigini gostermektedir. Aspir bitkisi tuzluluga ve soguk hava kosullarina toleransli olmasi sebebiyle kurak ve yari-kurak bolgelerde yetistirilebilmektedir. Aspir yaginin yuksek linoleik asit icerigi (%63-75) yemeklik yag acisindan onemli bir kalite ozelligidir. Bu ozellikleri ile bitkisel yag aciginin kapatilmasinda alternatif bir kaynaktir. Bu calismada aritilmis atiksu kullanilarak yetistirilen aspir bitkilerinin tohumlarindan elde edilen yagin kalite ve fizikokimyasal ozellikleri belirlenmistir. Yemeklik yag olarak kullanimi icin, Turk Gida Kodeksinde yer alan yag kalitesi standartlari ile kiyaslama yapilmistir. Aspir tohumlarindan yag uretimi, cozgen olarak n-hekzan kullanilarak Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yontemiyle ge...
Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for simultaneous separation and recovery o... more Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for simultaneous separation and recovery of lithium and boron from aqueous solution was investigated using Astom Acilyzer EX3B model ED device. In the laboratory scale experiments performed, effects of acid and base solutions types and their concentrations employed in acid and base compartments, electrical potential applied on process efficiency were investigated. The results showed that separations and recoveries of both boron and lithium were effective when 0.05 M HCl and 0.05 M NaOH solutions have been used in acid and base compartments, respectively. The percent separations of boron and lithium were 86.9% and 94.7%, respectively, while their respective recoveries were 50% and 62% at 30 V. The maximum separation and recovery values for boron and lithium were obtained when a 30 V of electrical potential was applied. With optimal initial acid and base concentrations (0.05 M) used in acid and base compartments, the specific power consumption (SPC) was calculated as 7.9 kWh/m 3 at 30 V. While higher initial acid and base concentrations showed higher boron and lithium separation efficiencies, relatively lower concentrations of acid and base solutions employed in acid and base compartments improved the recoveries of boron and lithium. Acid and base solutions generating a moderate conductive medium in acid and base compartments improved separations along with recoveries of boron and lithium from solution. When the solutions of 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaOH were used in acid and base compartments, recoveries of boron and lithium were 27% and 33%, respectively. On the other hand, the recoveries of boron and lithium were 62% and 56%, respectively when 0.1 M H 3 BO 3 and 0.1 M LiOH solutions were employed in acid and base compartments.
With the growing of electronics, semiconductors, food and pharmaceutical manufactures, the need o... more With the growing of electronics, semiconductors, food and pharmaceutical manufactures, the need of water quantity with high purity is increasing. The water quality needed should be with high electrical resistance and free of weakly ionized dissolved species. Integration of separation processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodeionization (EDI) was proven to be successful to produce water with high quality. This paper is about the applicability of EDI method for post-treatment of RO permeate of geothermal water. For this purpose, the effects of process parameters such as feed flow rate, electrical potential applied, type of ion exchange membranes, and cell number on reduction of electrical conductivity and the contents of boron, silicon and arsenic in EDI product water were investigated. In addition, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetics models, infinitive solution volume (ISV) and unreacted core (UCM) models were applied to determine the rate controlling steps of the removal of electrical conductivity and boron by EDI process. Obtained results revealed that a EDI product water containing ˂0.20 mg B/L, ˂0.05 mg Si/L and ˂0.10 μg As/L was produced using a multi-cell EDI in which ion exchange resins in mixed bed configuration is placed between Neosepta CMX-AMX ion exchange membrane pair. These results were obtained when the optimum flow rate of 1.08 L/h and electrical potential of 20 V were applied to multi-cell EDI. At the optimal operational conditions, boron removal was found to be governed by second order kinetic model and the determining steps were film diffusion and liquid film according to ISV and UCM models, respectively. It was observed that thick ion exchange membranes were better than thin ion exchange membranes for polishing RO permeate of geothermal water by using EDI process.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is among the evolving membrane-based processes available for energy... more Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is among the evolving membrane-based processes available for energy harvesting by mixing water with different salinities. The chemical potential difference causes the movement of cations and anions in opposite directions that can then be transformed into the electrical current at the electrodes by redox reactions. Although several works have shown the possibilities of achieving high power densities through the RED system, the transformation to the industrial-scale stacks remains a challenge particularly in understanding the correlation between ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) and the operating conditions. This work provides an overview of the RED system including its development and modifications of IEM utilized in the RED system. The effects of modified membranes particularly on the psychochemical properties of the membranes and the effects of numerous operating variables are discussed. The prospects of combining the RED system with other technologies such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, heat engine, microbial fuel cell), and flow battery have been summarized based on open-loop and closed-loop configurations. This review attempts to explain the development and prospect of RED technology for salinity gradient power production and further elucidate the integrated RED system as a promising way to harvest energy while reducing the impact of liquid waste disposal on the environment.
In this study, the quality evaluation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated wastewater was perform... more In this study, the quality evaluation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated wastewater was performed for its reuse in irrigation. In addition, the qualities of MBR effluents desalinated with nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes were compared with the irrigation standards. MBR effluent was not found as appropriate water for irrigation because of its high salinity. According to water quality measurements (especially SAR and EC values) it was considered that NF and RO permeates could decrease the soil permeability if they are used directly for irrigation. According to the results of SAR-EC analyses, the mixture of MBR effluent with RO permeate at a volume ratio of 2:1 (MBR effluent:RO permeate) was found to be suitable for irrigation to suppress the harmful effects of MBR permeate such as salinity. Using such mixture could also ameliorate adverse effects of RO permeate in terms of infiltration.
Clean water sources are quickly depleted since the industrial revolution due to climate change an... more Clean water sources are quickly depleted since the industrial revolution due to climate change and overpopulation. Use of potable water for agricultural irrigation is under imminent threat. Therefore, it is important to obtain irrigation water from alternative sources such as industrial wastewaters. On the other hand, industrial wastewaters have to be treated well otherwise they can pollute the environment and decrease the irrigation potential of soil. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters have a great potential to be used in agricultural irrigation. In this study, the permeates of NF270 and BW30-RO membranes were produced from MBR effluent discharged from Wastewater Treatment Plant of ITOB Organized Industrial Zone, Menderes, Izmir. They were evaluated for their reuse in agricultural irrigation. While doing this evaluation, effect of operating pressure on water quality was also investigated. It was found that the RO permeate is not suitable to reuse in irrigation. On the other hand, the NF permeate could be suitable for medium-salinity tolerant plants.
Brine generated from membrane filtration processes is becoming an important concern. Indeed, untr... more Brine generated from membrane filtration processes is becoming an important concern. Indeed, untreated or improperly managed concentrate can lead to serious negative effects in the environment. As some other flow configurations of RO systems, concentrate recirculation allows to reduce the brine generation. In this study, a high system water recovery and concentrate retention was achieved with the additional advantage of a reduced membrane water recovery, which minimizes the fouling effects of the increasing concentration of the solution being passed through the membrane. Solute rejections and permeate quality were not significantly affected by the different concentrate retention ratios and by the increasing salinity concentration of the solution in the feed tank during three hours of experiments. However, highly concentrated feed water can damage membranes and reduce its performances. Hence, with this configuration, the process have to be interrupted when the salt concentration in the feed tank reach a certain level.
In this study, the wastewater treated by the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process at the wastewater ... more In this study, the wastewater treated by the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process at the wastewater treatment plant of ITOB Organized Industrial Zone was used as the feed solution for further desalination by nanofiltration (NF90) and reverse osmosis (BW30) membranes. The effect of chemical cleaning to control the membrane fouling during long-term repeated uses of both NF and RO membranes were investigated. The water permeability values were obtained using deionized water as the feed solution after five cycles of desalination-membrane cleaning-permeability tests. Water permeability values changed from 3.93 L/m 2 •h•bar to 1.35 L/m 2 •h•bar for BW30 and 7.76 L/m 2 •h•bar to 2.65 L/m 2 •h•bar for NF90. The permeability tests were also carried out by using MBR effluent as the feed solution for better evaluation of fouling effects for MBR treated wastewater on desalination performance of NF and RO membranes. An optimal cleaning strategy was suggested throughout the study. to find a solution to water scarcity problems and desalination via membrane processes is the predominant solution today. New desalination plants are installed every year to recover water from various water resources including wastewater for its later use in irrigation, industry or for drinking purposes [2].
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters generally include high amounts of s... more Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters generally include high amounts of salinity, nitrate and hardness. Although MBR process can be applied for the production of low and/or medium quality water, nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) processes are needed for removal of excess salinity from MBR effluent. Since the fouling is a unique problem for membrane systems, pre-treatment operations are gaining importance. Main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of NF system as pre-treatment before RO system in wastewater treatment. Feed solutions with two different conductivities were fed to the RO system for this purpose. In addition, change in the permeate quality was monitored and permeate quality increase was noticed in the NF pre-treatment study. Average normalized permeate fluxes of RO system were 32.3 L/m 2 .h and 28.7 L/m 2 .h for the study with NF pre-treatment and with only RO study, respectively. Treated wastewaters were also evaluated for the suitability of their reuse in cooling, steam generation as process water and agricultural irrigation. Experiments were performed in wastewater treatment plant of ITOB-Industrial Organized Zone (ITOB-OSB
This study investigated the transesterification of corn oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) ... more This study investigated the transesterification of corn oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and free fatty acid (FFA) conversion using macroporous strong acid cationic (Purolite CT175 in H+ and Na+ forms) and strong base anionic (Purolite A500TLPlus in OH– form) resins. Taguchi experimental design was used for the optimization of molar ratio of methanol to oil (6:1, 12:1, and 18:1 mol/mol), reaction time (24, 36, 48 h), reaction temperature (63, 65, 67 °C), and resin loading (12, 16, 20 wt %). For both ionic forms of Purolite CT175, resin loading of 12 wt %, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol to oil (MeOH:Oil) mol ratio of 18:1, and reaction time of 24 h were found as optimum conditions. On the other hand, 12 wt % of resin loading, 65 °C of reaction temperature, 6:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, and 24 h of reaction time were obtained as optimum conditions for Purolite A500TLPlus resin in OH– form. The maximal FFA conversions of approximately 80%, 81%, and 76% were achieved at optimum conditio...
The issue tending toward alternative water resources tremendously becomes important for supplying... more The issue tending toward alternative water resources tremendously becomes important for supplying the increasing water demand all over the world. It may be a good option to evaluate industrial effluents for agricultural irrigation. However, industrial effluent must be cleansed from the factors such as salt, toxic compounds, and microbial load that possibly cause negative effects on soil during agricultural irrigation. In this study, microbiological qualities and toxicity conditions of water sources such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) influent, MBR effluent, and mixture of MBR effluent and reverse osmosis (RO) permeate (MBR:RO = 2:1) were analyzed and evaluated according to irrigation standards. Total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (TAHB), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), and Clostridium spp. were screened and enumerated as indicator microbial groups for the microbial quality of water samples. Analyses of indicator microorganisms showed that loads of different bacterial groups decreased by 5.2 and 6.66 log units at maximum levels in MBR and MBR + RO system at the end of treatment. Also, evaluation of the toxicity effects of MBR effluent and MBR + RO permeate waters on Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna was investigated. None of the samples showed any acute toxic effect on D. magna after 48 h and V. fischeri in 5 min and 15 min. From the outputs of this study, it can be said that industrial effluents treated by advanced filtration technologies may provide a significant source of water for agricultural irrigation. This option can have positive impacts on both environmental and economic factors.
Колективна монографія включає статті за матеріалами українськотурецького семінару, який було пров... more Колективна монографія включає статті за матеріалами українськотурецького семінару, який було проведено 11 листопада 2016 р. на базі Інституту загальної та неорганічної хімії ім. В. І. Вернадського НАН України за участю фахівців Егейського університету (Турецька республіка) та за підтримки Відділення хімії НАН України, Відділу міжнародних зв'язків НАН України, а також Наукової та Технічної дослідної Ради Турецької республіки TÜBİTAK. У монографії наведено результати досліджень, які направлені на вилучення токсичних і цінних компонентів із розчинів техногенного та природного походження, зокрема з біологічних рідин, із застосуванням сорбційних та мембранних методів. Результати робіт можуть бути застосовані у водопідготовці, хімічній, фармацевтичній, харчовій промисловості. Особливу увагу приділено синтезу нових матеріалів для процесів розділення та впливу структури цих матеріалів на їх функціональні властивості: проникну здатність, електропровідність, каталітичну спроможність тощо. Монографія є корисною для фахівців в області мембранних та сорбційних технологій, а також для студентів вищих навчальних закладів.
Aspir ( Carthamus tinctorius ) yenilebilir yag uretiminde kullanilan yagli tohum bitkilerinden bi... more Aspir ( Carthamus tinctorius ) yenilebilir yag uretiminde kullanilan yagli tohum bitkilerinden biri olup, yetistiriciligi son yillarda dunya genelinde artmaktadir. Yapilan calismalar aspir tohumu yaginin zeytinyagi, aycicegi ve yer fistigi yagi ile benzer ozellikler tasidigini gostermektedir. Aspir bitkisi tuzluluga ve soguk hava kosullarina toleransli olmasi sebebiyle kurak ve yari-kurak bolgelerde yetistirilebilmektedir. Aspir yaginin yuksek linoleik asit icerigi (%63-75) yemeklik yag acisindan onemli bir kalite ozelligidir. Bu ozellikleri ile bitkisel yag aciginin kapatilmasinda alternatif bir kaynaktir. Bu calismada aritilmis atiksu kullanilarak yetistirilen aspir bitkilerinin tohumlarindan elde edilen yagin kalite ve fizikokimyasal ozellikleri belirlenmistir. Yemeklik yag olarak kullanimi icin, Turk Gida Kodeksinde yer alan yag kalitesi standartlari ile kiyaslama yapilmistir. Aspir tohumlarindan yag uretimi, cozgen olarak n-hekzan kullanilarak Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yontemiyle ge...
Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for simultaneous separation and recovery o... more Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for simultaneous separation and recovery of lithium and boron from aqueous solution was investigated using Astom Acilyzer EX3B model ED device. In the laboratory scale experiments performed, effects of acid and base solutions types and their concentrations employed in acid and base compartments, electrical potential applied on process efficiency were investigated. The results showed that separations and recoveries of both boron and lithium were effective when 0.05 M HCl and 0.05 M NaOH solutions have been used in acid and base compartments, respectively. The percent separations of boron and lithium were 86.9% and 94.7%, respectively, while their respective recoveries were 50% and 62% at 30 V. The maximum separation and recovery values for boron and lithium were obtained when a 30 V of electrical potential was applied. With optimal initial acid and base concentrations (0.05 M) used in acid and base compartments, the specific power consumption (SPC) was calculated as 7.9 kWh/m 3 at 30 V. While higher initial acid and base concentrations showed higher boron and lithium separation efficiencies, relatively lower concentrations of acid and base solutions employed in acid and base compartments improved the recoveries of boron and lithium. Acid and base solutions generating a moderate conductive medium in acid and base compartments improved separations along with recoveries of boron and lithium from solution. When the solutions of 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaOH were used in acid and base compartments, recoveries of boron and lithium were 27% and 33%, respectively. On the other hand, the recoveries of boron and lithium were 62% and 56%, respectively when 0.1 M H 3 BO 3 and 0.1 M LiOH solutions were employed in acid and base compartments.
With the growing of electronics, semiconductors, food and pharmaceutical manufactures, the need o... more With the growing of electronics, semiconductors, food and pharmaceutical manufactures, the need of water quantity with high purity is increasing. The water quality needed should be with high electrical resistance and free of weakly ionized dissolved species. Integration of separation processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodeionization (EDI) was proven to be successful to produce water with high quality. This paper is about the applicability of EDI method for post-treatment of RO permeate of geothermal water. For this purpose, the effects of process parameters such as feed flow rate, electrical potential applied, type of ion exchange membranes, and cell number on reduction of electrical conductivity and the contents of boron, silicon and arsenic in EDI product water were investigated. In addition, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetics models, infinitive solution volume (ISV) and unreacted core (UCM) models were applied to determine the rate controlling steps of the removal of electrical conductivity and boron by EDI process. Obtained results revealed that a EDI product water containing ˂0.20 mg B/L, ˂0.05 mg Si/L and ˂0.10 μg As/L was produced using a multi-cell EDI in which ion exchange resins in mixed bed configuration is placed between Neosepta CMX-AMX ion exchange membrane pair. These results were obtained when the optimum flow rate of 1.08 L/h and electrical potential of 20 V were applied to multi-cell EDI. At the optimal operational conditions, boron removal was found to be governed by second order kinetic model and the determining steps were film diffusion and liquid film according to ISV and UCM models, respectively. It was observed that thick ion exchange membranes were better than thin ion exchange membranes for polishing RO permeate of geothermal water by using EDI process.
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Papers by Nalan Kabay