Digital Divide is not a micro problem; it is rather a macro problem in the economic sense. Though... more Digital Divide is not a micro problem; it is rather a macro problem in the economic sense. Though digital inclusion pushes an economy forward, it has some backwash effects also. This problem is far more intense in developing countries like India rather than the developed countries. It depends upon so many factors like age, gender, race, ethnicity, income, education, place of residence, attitude of people, household size, etc. In this paper, I will extensively discuss the various determinants responsible for creating Digital Divide in India through available secondary sources.
We are happy that the National Commission for Minorities (NCM), Government of India gave us this ... more We are happy that the National Commission for Minorities (NCM), Government of India gave us this opportunity to conduct a study based on secondary data sources regarding the socioeconomic profile of the four notified minority communities. As agreed upon in our discussions with the NCM prior to the initiation of the study, the report provides a detailed quantitative account of the four notified minority communities-Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists and Parsis-using all available information. The terms of reference for the study were as follows: 1. The Socioeconomic study will be done in respect of the four notified minority communities i.e. Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, including Neo Buddhists and Parsis. 2. The study will cover the educational, economic and social status of the four minority communities apart from their hygiene, health and religion related problems. 3. The study will take into account the three strata of the four minority communities for the assessment of their socioeconomic and religious status i.e. the elites, the middle class and lowest strata including artisans and labourers. 4. The study will highlight the problematic areas and suggest viable measures to resolve the problems of the minorities so that the minorities can walk abreast with other privileged communities in all walks of life in due course. 5. The study will include detailed recommendations based on their findings on the socioeconomic and educational backwardness of the minorities. The Institute for Human Development (IHD) research team attempted to provide a comprehensive account and address all the above stated dimensions subject to the data availability. Information has been collated and analysed from unit records of National Sample Survey (NSS), Census and National Family Health Survey (NFHS). We hope that the report will be useful for the NCM in taking its mandate further. We look forward to your comments and suggestions on the report.
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1993
Since the 1980s, Hispanics have been the fastest growing minority in the United States and have b... more Since the 1980s, Hispanics have been the fastest growing minority in the United States and have been moving into rural, Southern areas where there have previously not been populations of Hispanics. Studies of these demographic changes have concentrated on how communities impacted by the influx of Hispanics have created or adjusted socioeconomic and political infrastructures to accommodate the linguistic and cultural needs of the Hispanic population. The public-school system is a sociopolitical structure that has affected and has been affected by the increase in Hispanics. Whereas the modern Civil Rights movement had created legal precedence for students' language rights and led to the creation of the federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968, nationalist backlash to this rise in Hispanic immigrants led to the eventual defunding of federal bilingual education programs by the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. This thesis is a policy history of Hispanic growth in the public-school systems in Orange, Lake and Osceola counties in Florida from 1980 to 2010. During that time, the three counties grew and diversified at different rates and made decisions for their English for Speakers of Other Languages programs that correlated with the size of their Hispanic population. This time frame encompasses Osceola's fastest period of growth which led to the creation of the Florida Consent Decree, Florida public schools' framework for remaining compliant with federal and state language policies. Even though federal funds for English acquisition programs replaced funds for bilingual or native language instruction during this time, Hispanic and non-Hispanic teachers, administrators, community or activist groups and parents continued to exert agency in gaining culturally inclusive and linguistically affirming language instruction programs for their children. v
The word 'Education' comes from the word 'Educatum', 'Educare' etc. Educare means to nourish, to ... more The word 'Education' comes from the word 'Educatum', 'Educare' etc. Educare means to nourish, to bring up and Bengali meaning is Shiksha. The word 'Shiksha' is derived from the word 'Shah' which meaning is to control or to discipline. Only an ideal teacher can help to bring up or control a student. So Vivekananda told that teacher is the most important person in society. Education is a method of overall development. Both of Teacher and student are included in the method from the prehistorical period. They are depended on each other. Because the teacher teaches through some method to student and student follows that method. The students are able to develop their own soul. So the teacher is called educator. Now the most important matter is that they would be taking part in the honor in this process. No education is completed without anyone participation. So Adams in his book 'Evolution to Education Theory' said that education is a bipolar process in which one personality effects by another personality. Another personality is called the teacher. In this process, the teacher plays a most important role. Because Swami Vivekananda said that Education is not only gathering some information from the book. Education has been present in our own soul since birth. So it is an intrinsic issue which is manifested by the only teacher who is introduced as an external issue. Vivekananda said that teacher would be a good personality, knowledgeable, etc for character building of student. In this article I want to discuss from the view of Swami Vivekananda about some teaching method and why Swami Vivekananda told role of a teacher and character of a teacher are a most important path, where is a relation between the character of a teacher and overall manifestation of a student, etc.
Since the very beginning of the course of infection, HIV enters into the CNS and it is reflected ... more Since the very beginning of the course of infection, HIV enters into the CNS and it is reflected through neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to assess and subsequently compare the neurocognitive functioning of treatment-naive adults with HIV Stage I, II & peer control. Cross-sectional Case-control study design was followed. 22 adults (11 in stage I and 11 in stage II) with HIV infection and 11 adults as matched control were administered various standardised neuropsychological tests assessing cognitive functions like verbal fluency, executive functions, memory and visuo-spatial ability. Data were analysed by computing Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA by ranks and post-hoc analysis (with the help of Mann Whitney U Test). Results showed that adults with HIV infected had poorer performance on most measures of memory functioning, visuo-spatial ability, verbal fluency and some measures of frontal lobe functioning in comparison to the matched peer control group. Those with stage II HIV had more compromised functions than those in stage I HIV in overall frontal lobe functioning along with inhibitory control, conceptualization, mental flexibility and sensitivity to interference.
Digital Divide is not a micro problem; it is rather a macro problem in the economic sense. Though... more Digital Divide is not a micro problem; it is rather a macro problem in the economic sense. Though digital inclusion pushes an economy forward, it has some backwash effects also. This problem is far more intense in developing countries like India rather than the developed countries. It depends upon so many factors like age, gender, race, ethnicity, income, education, place of residence, attitude of people, household size, etc. In this paper, I will extensively discuss the various determinants responsible for creating Digital Divide in India through available secondary sources.
We are happy that the National Commission for Minorities (NCM), Government of India gave us this ... more We are happy that the National Commission for Minorities (NCM), Government of India gave us this opportunity to conduct a study based on secondary data sources regarding the socioeconomic profile of the four notified minority communities. As agreed upon in our discussions with the NCM prior to the initiation of the study, the report provides a detailed quantitative account of the four notified minority communities-Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists and Parsis-using all available information. The terms of reference for the study were as follows: 1. The Socioeconomic study will be done in respect of the four notified minority communities i.e. Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, including Neo Buddhists and Parsis. 2. The study will cover the educational, economic and social status of the four minority communities apart from their hygiene, health and religion related problems. 3. The study will take into account the three strata of the four minority communities for the assessment of their socioeconomic and religious status i.e. the elites, the middle class and lowest strata including artisans and labourers. 4. The study will highlight the problematic areas and suggest viable measures to resolve the problems of the minorities so that the minorities can walk abreast with other privileged communities in all walks of life in due course. 5. The study will include detailed recommendations based on their findings on the socioeconomic and educational backwardness of the minorities. The Institute for Human Development (IHD) research team attempted to provide a comprehensive account and address all the above stated dimensions subject to the data availability. Information has been collated and analysed from unit records of National Sample Survey (NSS), Census and National Family Health Survey (NFHS). We hope that the report will be useful for the NCM in taking its mandate further. We look forward to your comments and suggestions on the report.
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1993
Since the 1980s, Hispanics have been the fastest growing minority in the United States and have b... more Since the 1980s, Hispanics have been the fastest growing minority in the United States and have been moving into rural, Southern areas where there have previously not been populations of Hispanics. Studies of these demographic changes have concentrated on how communities impacted by the influx of Hispanics have created or adjusted socioeconomic and political infrastructures to accommodate the linguistic and cultural needs of the Hispanic population. The public-school system is a sociopolitical structure that has affected and has been affected by the increase in Hispanics. Whereas the modern Civil Rights movement had created legal precedence for students' language rights and led to the creation of the federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968, nationalist backlash to this rise in Hispanic immigrants led to the eventual defunding of federal bilingual education programs by the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. This thesis is a policy history of Hispanic growth in the public-school systems in Orange, Lake and Osceola counties in Florida from 1980 to 2010. During that time, the three counties grew and diversified at different rates and made decisions for their English for Speakers of Other Languages programs that correlated with the size of their Hispanic population. This time frame encompasses Osceola's fastest period of growth which led to the creation of the Florida Consent Decree, Florida public schools' framework for remaining compliant with federal and state language policies. Even though federal funds for English acquisition programs replaced funds for bilingual or native language instruction during this time, Hispanic and non-Hispanic teachers, administrators, community or activist groups and parents continued to exert agency in gaining culturally inclusive and linguistically affirming language instruction programs for their children. v
The word 'Education' comes from the word 'Educatum', 'Educare' etc. Educare means to nourish, to ... more The word 'Education' comes from the word 'Educatum', 'Educare' etc. Educare means to nourish, to bring up and Bengali meaning is Shiksha. The word 'Shiksha' is derived from the word 'Shah' which meaning is to control or to discipline. Only an ideal teacher can help to bring up or control a student. So Vivekananda told that teacher is the most important person in society. Education is a method of overall development. Both of Teacher and student are included in the method from the prehistorical period. They are depended on each other. Because the teacher teaches through some method to student and student follows that method. The students are able to develop their own soul. So the teacher is called educator. Now the most important matter is that they would be taking part in the honor in this process. No education is completed without anyone participation. So Adams in his book 'Evolution to Education Theory' said that education is a bipolar process in which one personality effects by another personality. Another personality is called the teacher. In this process, the teacher plays a most important role. Because Swami Vivekananda said that Education is not only gathering some information from the book. Education has been present in our own soul since birth. So it is an intrinsic issue which is manifested by the only teacher who is introduced as an external issue. Vivekananda said that teacher would be a good personality, knowledgeable, etc for character building of student. In this article I want to discuss from the view of Swami Vivekananda about some teaching method and why Swami Vivekananda told role of a teacher and character of a teacher are a most important path, where is a relation between the character of a teacher and overall manifestation of a student, etc.
Since the very beginning of the course of infection, HIV enters into the CNS and it is reflected ... more Since the very beginning of the course of infection, HIV enters into the CNS and it is reflected through neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to assess and subsequently compare the neurocognitive functioning of treatment-naive adults with HIV Stage I, II & peer control. Cross-sectional Case-control study design was followed. 22 adults (11 in stage I and 11 in stage II) with HIV infection and 11 adults as matched control were administered various standardised neuropsychological tests assessing cognitive functions like verbal fluency, executive functions, memory and visuo-spatial ability. Data were analysed by computing Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA by ranks and post-hoc analysis (with the help of Mann Whitney U Test). Results showed that adults with HIV infected had poorer performance on most measures of memory functioning, visuo-spatial ability, verbal fluency and some measures of frontal lobe functioning in comparison to the matched peer control group. Those with stage II HIV had more compromised functions than those in stage I HIV in overall frontal lobe functioning along with inhibitory control, conceptualization, mental flexibility and sensitivity to interference.
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