Papers by Per Arne Drabløs
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Aug 1, 1981
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2010
Journal of comparative neurology, Oct 1, 1963
Springer eBooks, Mar 17, 2009
Aluminum is produced by electrolysis of alumina (Al2O3). To decrease the melting point cryolite (... more Aluminum is produced by electrolysis of alumina (Al2O3). To decrease the melting point cryolite (Na3AlF6) is added. At present, the Norwegian aluminum industry uses two different technologies to produce aluminum: the so called Søderberg and Prebake processes [1]. In both cases, particles with variable composition, several gases (for example hydrogen fluorides) and aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed. Inhalation of these pollutants leads to adverse health effects for the workers. For better understanding of the toxicological relevance of the particulate matter present in the workrooms, individual particle analysis was performed. Special emphasis was placed on the hygroscopic properties of the different particles sampled in the potrooms, as the presence of thin water films or small droplets may provide an opportunity for hydrogen fluoride (HF) to be transported deep into the lung.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Apr 23, 2013
The European respiratory journal, Dec 1, 2006
Cigarette smoking may alter bronchial inflammation in asthma. Multicolour immunohistofluorescent ... more Cigarette smoking may alter bronchial inflammation in asthma. Multicolour immunohistofluorescent examination on bronchial cryosections was used to examine bronchial inflammatory cell infiltrate in patients with occupational asthma. Monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, T-cell receptor-d1, CD68 and human leukocyte antigen-DR were combined to identify Tcell subsets and macrophages in bronchial biopsies from 20 workers with occupational asthma (12 smokers and eight nonsmokers), 15 healthy workers (seven smokers and eight nonsmokers) and 10 nonsmoking, nonexposed controls. The increased subepithelial CD4+ T-cell density in nonsmoking asthmatics was not present in smoking asthmatics, who had the lowest CD4+ T-cell density of all groups. The decreased subepithelial CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell density correlated with a reduction in lung function, as measured by percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, in smoking asthmatics only. Although smoking asthmatics had a significantly increased number of intraepithelial CD8+ T-cells and macrophages compared with nonsmoking asthmatics, the proportion of cd-T-cells was significantly decreased in both asthmatic groups. Smoking asthmatics had a distinctly different distribution of T-cell subsets compared with nonsmoking asthmatics. The accumulation of subepithelial CD4+ T-cells, which was observed in nonsmoking asthmatics, appeared to be inhibited in smoking asthmatics, suggesting a smokinginduced bronchial immune modulation, at least in occupational asthma in the aluminium industry.
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2010
The hygroscopic behaviour of individual aerosol particles from workplaces in a primary aluminium ... more The hygroscopic behaviour of individual aerosol particles from workplaces in a primary aluminium smelter was investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy. At a high relative humidity, comparable with the human respiratory tract, most particles encountered in the Søderberg and Prebake potrooms either undergo partial deliquescence (leading to a water droplet with an insoluble core) or form thin water films at the surface. As gaseous HF and SO(2) are highly soluble in water, the aerosol particles may act as carrier for these two gases into the alveolar region of the lower respiratory tract. Based on a one-dimensional mass balance model, it is estimated that under peak exposure conditions (particle surface area concentration of 10(-4) cm(2) cm(-3)) approximately 10% of the initial gaseous HF may be transferred to the particle phase. For SO(2), this fraction is much lower (approximately 1%). These results indicate that at least HF may penetrate deeper into the lung in the presence of soluble particles or particles that form surface water films compared to HF alone.
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2005
Aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between 0.18 and 10 microm were collected in the wor... more Aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between 0.18 and 10 microm were collected in the workroom air of two aluminium smelter potrooms with different production processes (Soderberg and Prebake processes). Size, morphology and chemical composition of more than 2000 individual particles were determined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on chemical composition and morphology, particles were classified into different groups. Particle groups with a relative abundance above 1%(by number) include aluminium oxides, cryolite, aluminium oxides-cryolite mixtures, soot, silicates and sea salt. In both production halls, mixtures of aluminium oxides and cryolite are the dominant particle group. Many particles have fluoride-containing surface coatings or show agglomerations of nanometer-sized fluoride-containing particles on their surface. The phase composition of approximately 100 particles was studied by transmission electron microscopy. According to selected area electron diffraction, sodium beta-alumina (NaAl(11)O(17)) is the dominant aluminium oxide and cryolite (Na(3)AlF(6)) the only sodium aluminium fluoride present. Implications of our findings for assessment of adverse health effects are discussed.
Objective: The industrial aluminum production process is addressed. The purpose is to give a shor... more Objective: The industrial aluminum production process is addressed. The purpose is to give a short but comprehensive description of the electrolysis cell technology, the raw materials used, and the health and safety relevance of the process. Methods: This article is based on a study of the extensive chemical and medical literature on primary aluminum production. Results: At present, there are two main technological challenges for the process— to reduce energy consumption and to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. A future step may be carbon dioxide gas capture and sequestration related to the electric power generation from fossil sources. Conclusions: Workers ’ health and safety have now become an integrated part of the aluminum business. Work-related injuries and illnesses are preventable, and the ultimate goal to eliminate accidents with lost-time injuries may hopefully be approached in the future. I ndustrial production of primary aluminum is carried out by theHall–Héroult proces...
The Quest for the Melodic Electric Bass, 2016
Acta Haematologica, 2013
Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.... more Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.karger.com/aha_issues Letters to the Editor 18 More about Imatinib and Nilotinib Combination Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Legeforening, 1972
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Legeforening, 1972
EMC 2008 14th European Microscopy Congress 1–5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany
Aluminum is produced by electrolysis of alumina (Al2O3). To decrease the melting point cryolite (... more Aluminum is produced by electrolysis of alumina (Al2O3). To decrease the melting point cryolite (Na3AlF6) is added. At present, the Norwegian aluminum industry uses two different technologies to produce aluminum: the so called Søderberg and Prebake processes [1]. In both cases, particles with variable composition, several gases (for example hydrogen fluorides) and aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed. Inhalation of these pollutants leads to adverse health effects for the workers. For better understanding of the toxicological relevance of the particulate matter present in the workrooms, individual particle analysis was performed. Special emphasis was placed on the hygroscopic properties of the different particles sampled in the potrooms, as the presence of thin water films or small droplets may provide an opportunity for hydrogen fluoride (HF) to be transported deep into the lung.
Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
Norwegian. Follow-up of surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in children
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1972
From 1963 to 1970 120 synovectomies of the knee were performed. One hundred of the patients had r... more From 1963 to 1970 120 synovectomies of the knee were performed. One hundred of the patients had rheumatoid arthritis. The reaction to operation was minor. ESR decreased in the postoperative period. Postoperative complications were few and minor. Patients on cortisone did not seem to have a higher rate of complication. Mean period of observation was 2 years (2 months to 7 years). Results were satisfactory following the 100 operations. In 2 patients the postoperative situation showed no change compared with the preoperative. Those patients who had serious exacerbations of the rheumatoid disease were prone to concomitant pain, stiffness, swelling and/or recurrence in the operated knee. This observation is stressed. Seven patients had a second operation because of recurrence. In all of them there had been an increase in local joint destruction. Decreased motility after opera- tion offered no problem. Early and active postoperative exercise is considered to be of major importance.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 2013
To identify activated T cell subset in the asthmatic bronchia, we developed a triple-colour immun... more To identify activated T cell subset in the asthmatic bronchia, we developed a triple-colour immunohistofluorescence labelling technique on cryo-section to discriminate activated CD4+CD25+ T cells, (effector T cells) from Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Additional coexpression of activation and proliferation markers was also examined in situ. Bronchial biopsies were taken from 20 aluminium potroom workers (12 smokers) with asthma (>12% reversibility), 15 non-asthmatic potroom workers (7 smokers) and 10 non-smoking, non-exposed controls. Non-smoking asthmatics had significantly higher subepithelial density of both Tregs, effector T cells, activated (HLA-DR+) CD8+ and activated CD4+ T cells. Moreover, both Tregs, effector T cells and CD8+ T cells proliferated in the non-smoking asthmatics, only. Although smoking asthmatics had no asthma-associated increase in bronchial T cell, both had a significantly increase in effector T cell to Treg ratios. The significantly increased bronchial density of Tregs, effector T cells, proliferative T cells and activated CD8+ T cells in non-smoking asthmatics clearly showed that both the effector T cells and the inhibitory Treg system were activated in asthma.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 1999
Plasma total homocysteine response was compared in four groups of healthy individuals given orall... more Plasma total homocysteine response was compared in four groups of healthy individuals given orally divided doses of vitamin supplementations for a duration of 5 weeks. The vitamin supplements; A, 0.3 mg folic acid; B, 120 mg vitamin B6; C, combination of 0.3 mg folic acid and 120 mg vitamin B6 or D, 0.6 mg folic acid reduced the concentrations of plasma total homocysteine 20, 17, 32 and 24%, respectively. However, the intergroup comparisons did not show a significant difference in the effects of vitamin supplements. Multivariate analysis with correction for differences in pre-supplement values indicated a significant effect of vitamin B6 supplementation on plasma total homocysteine and serum folate. Our data show that plasma total homocysteine concentrations are reduced with low to medium divided doses of folic acid alone or in combination with vitamin B6.
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Papers by Per Arne Drabløs