Targeting properties of vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understan... more Targeting properties of vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understand disease progression. To investigate genotypic characteristics of transmitted viruses, blood samples were obtained from infants aged 6 weeks-18 months, categorized in two age groups, acute (≤6 months) and early (>6-18 months). Nef having an important role in pathogenesis was selected to explore the viral characteristics. A total of 57 PCR positive samples, amplified by nef gene were sequenced. Analysis showed that 50 sequences belonged to subtype C. In one sequence of acute age group, a long insertion of 10 residues (AAERMRRAEP) in variable region and a 13 residues deletion (ATNNADCAWLEAQ) around proteolytic cleavage region of gene in another sequence was observed. Insertions were also observed in sequences of early age group, however, they ranged from 2-8 residues only. In one sequence of early age group, 3/4 Arginines at positions 19,21,22 of Arginine cluster were mutated to Glutam...
Many emerging countries in recent decades have relied on a development strategy that focused prim... more Many emerging countries in recent decades have relied on a development strategy that focused primarily on promoting the manufacturing sector and the exports of manufactured goods. However, an acceleration of growth in manufacturing, and a concomitant increase in ...
Web page metrics is one of the key elements in measuring various attributes of web site. Metrics ... more Web page metrics is one of the key elements in measuring various attributes of web site. Metrics gives the concrete values to the attributes of web sites which may be used to compare different web pages .The web pages can be compared based on the page size, information quality ,screen coverage, content coverage etc. Internet and website are emerging media and service avenue requiring improvements in their quality for better customer services for wider user base and for the betterment of human kind. E-business is emerging and websites are not just medium for communication, but they are also the products for providing services. Measurement is the key issue for survival of any organization Therefore to measure and evaluate the websites for quality and for better understanding, the key issues related to website engineering is very important. In this paper we collect data from webby awards data (2007-2010) and classify the websites into good sites and bad sites on the basics of the assessed metrics. To achieve this aim we investigate 15 metrics proposed by various researchers. We present the findings of quantitative analysis of web page attributes and how these attributes are calculated. The result of this paper can be used in quantitative studies in web site designing. The metrics captured in the predicted model can be used to predict the goodness of website design.
With the exception Brander and Drazen (2008), who use a comprehensive cross-country database cons... more With the exception Brander and Drazen (2008), who use a comprehensive cross-country database consisting of both developed and developing countries, the hypothesis that rapid growth helps incumbents win elections has been tested exclusively for the developed countries (e.g., Ray Fair 1978). But since sustained rapid growth offers the prospect of pulling vast numbers of the voters out of poverty within a generation, such an effect is far more likely to be present in the developing rather than developed countries. In this paper, we offer the first test of the hypothesis on a large developing and poor country, India, which has seen its economy grow 8 to 9 percent recently. We first generalize the Fair model to allow for multiple candidates instead for just two and then test it using crossstate data. We find quantitatively large and statistically robust effect of growth on the prospects of the candidates of the state incumbent parties to win elections. Specifically, we use the data on 422 candidates in the 2009 parliamentary elections and show that the candidates of incumbent parties in high-growth states have much better prospects of victory than those in low-growth states.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.
This paper examines the response of voters to candidates who have reported that they have crimina... more This paper examines the response of voters to candidates who have reported that they have criminal charges against them, within the framework of a simple analytical model which assumes that criminal charges give rise to some stigma amongst the electorate, and result in a negative effect on vote shares. Campaigning, the cost of which is borne from candidates' wealth, helps a candidate to increase his or her expected vote share by winning over the "marginal" voter. A criminal candidate gets an additional benefit since he can use the campaigning to convince voters of his innocence, and so reduce the negative effects of the stigma associated with criminal charges. We test the implications of the model using data for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections in India, and find support for all the implications of the model. Our empirical results show that voters do penalise candidates with criminal charges; however, this negative effect is reduced if there are other candidates in the constituency with criminal charges; besides, the vote shares are positively related to candidate wealth, with the marginal effect being higher for the candidates with criminal charges.
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper analyzes trends in the accumulation of NRI (nonresident Indian) deposits and investigates the determinants of these inflows. It finds that monthly deposit flows have been quite stable since the 1991 crisis; nevertheless, there have been occasions when monthly flows turned negative in the short run, coinciding with adverse domestic or external events. Econometric analysis shows that the NRI deposits are influenced by standard risk and return variables. In particular, NRI deposits respond positively to changes in relative interest rates on NRI deposits and LIBOR; negatively to political and geopolitical uncertainties, such as the government resigning in mid-term, and tensions on India's borders; and negatively to adverse external events, such as the Asian crisis. JEL Classification Numbers: F41, G11, G21
We survey India's experience with exporting services. We show that its experience is unique in th... more We survey India's experience with exporting services. We show that its experience is unique in that modern tradable services are a significantly larger share of GDP than in other countries at comparable levels of economic development. T his has not always been the case, however: India's out-performance is limited to recent years. Policy initiatives, from trade reform to liberalization of domestic industrial and service sectors, were important for jump-starting the process. Regression analysis of a cross section of countries points to the importance of a range of additional factors: overall economic development, communications infrastructure, access t o foreign technology, and spillovers between the merchandise and service exports.
Indian Journal of Chemistry Sect B Organic Chemistry Including Medical Chemistry, 2009
... Anand Sachar, Poonam Gupta, Shallu Gupta & RL Sharma* Department of Chemistry, Un... more ... Anand Sachar, Poonam Gupta, Shallu Gupta & RL Sharma* Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180 006, India E-mail: rlsharma_hod ... The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were run on Varian Unity 500 MHz NMR spectrometer using TMS as an internal standard ...
Targeting properties of vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understan... more Targeting properties of vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understand disease progression. To investigate genotypic characteristics of transmitted viruses, blood samples were obtained from infants aged 6 weeks-18 months, categorized in two age groups, acute (≤6 months) and early (>6-18 months). Nef having an important role in pathogenesis was selected to explore the viral characteristics. A total of 57 PCR positive samples, amplified by nef gene were sequenced. Analysis showed that 50 sequences belonged to subtype C. In one sequence of acute age group, a long insertion of 10 residues (AAERMRRAEP) in variable region and a 13 residues deletion (ATNNADCAWLEAQ) around proteolytic cleavage region of gene in another sequence was observed. Insertions were also observed in sequences of early age group, however, they ranged from 2-8 residues only. In one sequence of early age group, 3/4 Arginines at positions 19,21,22 of Arginine cluster were mutated to Glutam...
Many emerging countries in recent decades have relied on a development strategy that focused prim... more Many emerging countries in recent decades have relied on a development strategy that focused primarily on promoting the manufacturing sector and the exports of manufactured goods. However, an acceleration of growth in manufacturing, and a concomitant increase in ...
Web page metrics is one of the key elements in measuring various attributes of web site. Metrics ... more Web page metrics is one of the key elements in measuring various attributes of web site. Metrics gives the concrete values to the attributes of web sites which may be used to compare different web pages .The web pages can be compared based on the page size, information quality ,screen coverage, content coverage etc. Internet and website are emerging media and service avenue requiring improvements in their quality for better customer services for wider user base and for the betterment of human kind. E-business is emerging and websites are not just medium for communication, but they are also the products for providing services. Measurement is the key issue for survival of any organization Therefore to measure and evaluate the websites for quality and for better understanding, the key issues related to website engineering is very important. In this paper we collect data from webby awards data (2007-2010) and classify the websites into good sites and bad sites on the basics of the assessed metrics. To achieve this aim we investigate 15 metrics proposed by various researchers. We present the findings of quantitative analysis of web page attributes and how these attributes are calculated. The result of this paper can be used in quantitative studies in web site designing. The metrics captured in the predicted model can be used to predict the goodness of website design.
With the exception Brander and Drazen (2008), who use a comprehensive cross-country database cons... more With the exception Brander and Drazen (2008), who use a comprehensive cross-country database consisting of both developed and developing countries, the hypothesis that rapid growth helps incumbents win elections has been tested exclusively for the developed countries (e.g., Ray Fair 1978). But since sustained rapid growth offers the prospect of pulling vast numbers of the voters out of poverty within a generation, such an effect is far more likely to be present in the developing rather than developed countries. In this paper, we offer the first test of the hypothesis on a large developing and poor country, India, which has seen its economy grow 8 to 9 percent recently. We first generalize the Fair model to allow for multiple candidates instead for just two and then test it using crossstate data. We find quantitatively large and statistically robust effect of growth on the prospects of the candidates of the state incumbent parties to win elections. Specifically, we use the data on 422 candidates in the 2009 parliamentary elections and show that the candidates of incumbent parties in high-growth states have much better prospects of victory than those in low-growth states.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.
This paper examines the response of voters to candidates who have reported that they have crimina... more This paper examines the response of voters to candidates who have reported that they have criminal charges against them, within the framework of a simple analytical model which assumes that criminal charges give rise to some stigma amongst the electorate, and result in a negative effect on vote shares. Campaigning, the cost of which is borne from candidates' wealth, helps a candidate to increase his or her expected vote share by winning over the "marginal" voter. A criminal candidate gets an additional benefit since he can use the campaigning to convince voters of his innocence, and so reduce the negative effects of the stigma associated with criminal charges. We test the implications of the model using data for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections in India, and find support for all the implications of the model. Our empirical results show that voters do penalise candidates with criminal charges; however, this negative effect is reduced if there are other candidates in the constituency with criminal charges; besides, the vote shares are positively related to candidate wealth, with the marginal effect being higher for the candidates with criminal charges.
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper analyzes trends in the accumulation of NRI (nonresident Indian) deposits and investigates the determinants of these inflows. It finds that monthly deposit flows have been quite stable since the 1991 crisis; nevertheless, there have been occasions when monthly flows turned negative in the short run, coinciding with adverse domestic or external events. Econometric analysis shows that the NRI deposits are influenced by standard risk and return variables. In particular, NRI deposits respond positively to changes in relative interest rates on NRI deposits and LIBOR; negatively to political and geopolitical uncertainties, such as the government resigning in mid-term, and tensions on India's borders; and negatively to adverse external events, such as the Asian crisis. JEL Classification Numbers: F41, G11, G21
We survey India's experience with exporting services. We show that its experience is unique in th... more We survey India's experience with exporting services. We show that its experience is unique in that modern tradable services are a significantly larger share of GDP than in other countries at comparable levels of economic development. T his has not always been the case, however: India's out-performance is limited to recent years. Policy initiatives, from trade reform to liberalization of domestic industrial and service sectors, were important for jump-starting the process. Regression analysis of a cross section of countries points to the importance of a range of additional factors: overall economic development, communications infrastructure, access t o foreign technology, and spillovers between the merchandise and service exports.
Indian Journal of Chemistry Sect B Organic Chemistry Including Medical Chemistry, 2009
... Anand Sachar, Poonam Gupta, Shallu Gupta & RL Sharma* Department of Chemistry, Un... more ... Anand Sachar, Poonam Gupta, Shallu Gupta & RL Sharma* Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180 006, India E-mail: rlsharma_hod ... The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were run on Varian Unity 500 MHz NMR spectrometer using TMS as an internal standard ...
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