The concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined in markets of hair dyes samples in Morocco... more The concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined in markets of hair dyes samples in Morocco. Sixteen synthetic and natural hair dyes were selected. The metals were analyzed after mineralization with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The content was determined using differential pulse polarography and the analytical method was validated. The method was linear with a correlation coefficient value (r) that ranged from 0.992 to 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.080 and 0.43 ppm for Pb and Cd, respectively. Finally, the concentrations of the two metals in the different hair dyes samples ranged from LOD to 3617.02 ppm for Pb and from LOD to 459.57 ppm for Cd. The majority of the concentrations were above acceptable levels for cosmetics. It has been demonstrated that heavy metals induce toxicity to human body even at a low level, hence the need to strengthen the control of cosmetic products by the competent authorities in Morocco.
Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfect... more Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfection de haut niveau en lieu et place de la stérilisation. Les techniques de désinfection sont classées en 3 niveaux d'action à savoir le bas, l'intermédiaire et le haut. Ce dernier doit couvrir les formes des microorganismes les plus résistants à savoir les spores. Pour bien mener cette désinfection, il faudra donc respecter les bonnes pratiques en vigueurs. Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer la pratique de la désinfection du matériel d'endoscopies au sein de notre structure. Matériel et méthodes : Etude prospective évaluant 12 unités de soins qui utilisent le matériel d'endoscopie au moyen d'un questionnaire que l'on a établi en tenant compte des 5M du diagramme d'Ichikawa. Résultats : Le matériel d'endoscopie n'est pas désinfecté selon les normes en vigueur, par négligence et/ou par manque de moyens. Ceci a des retombées négatives dans la lutte c...
Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfection ... more Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfection de haut niveau en lieu et place de.la.stérilisation..Les.techniques.de.désinfection.sont.classées.en.3.niveaux.d'action.à.savoir.le.bas,.l'intermédiaire.et.le.haut..Ce. dernier.doit.couvrir.les.formes.des.microorganismes.les.plus.résistants.à.savoir.les.spores..Pour.bien.mener.cette.désinfection,.il. faudra donc respecter les bonnes pratiques en vigueurs. Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer la pratique de la désinfection du matériel d'endoscopies au sein de notre structure. Matériel et méthodes : Etude prospective évaluant 12 unités de soins qui utilisent le matériel d'endoscopie au moyen d'un questionnaire que l'on a établi en tenant compte des 5M du diagramme d'Ichikawa. Résultats : Le matériel d'endoscopie n'est pas désinfecté selon les normes en vigueur, par négligence et/ou par manque de moyens. Ceci a des retombées négatives dans la lutte contre les infections liées aux soins. des faiblesses ont été relevées dans la pratique.actuelle.de.cette.désinfection.et.qui.touchent.à.tous.les.niveaux.du.diagramme.d'Ichikawa.à.savoir.:.la.méthodologie,.la. main.(personnel),.la.matière,.le.matériel.et.le.milieu.(=.5M).. Conclusion : Le matériel d'endoscopie est mal désinfecté au centre hospitalier Ibn Sina. des moyens humains et matériels doivent être.déployé.pour.bien.traiter.ces.dispositifs.et.contribuer.à.la.lutte.contre.les.infections.liées.aux.soins.
The phenol is used in pharmaceutical domain as agent of preservation, a rapid and reliable spectr... more The phenol is used in pharmaceutical domain as agent of preservation, a rapid and reliable spectrophotometric method was validated for its determination in routine control. This method is based on the formation of a charge transfer complex between phenol and 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (DCQ) in basic medium. This produced a blue product with maximum absorption at 610nm. Beer’s law is obeyed and the calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999) over the range 7.5 10 -6 M – 7.5 10 -5
The solubility of the drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into account in ... more The solubility of the drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into account in the formulation of oral solutions and parenteral dosage forms. The present study was conducted to improve the solubility of ibuprofen in water by the use of phospholipids and nonionic surfactants (Tween ® 80 and Solutol ® 15HS). These excipients are well tolerated by the parenteral route and allow the solubilization through a micellar system. In our study, a design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of nonionic surfactants, phospholipids and ibuprofen. The results showed a significant increase in the solubility in all used mixtures. The analysis of the design space showed that the solubility of ibuprofen varies very closely with the concentration of the three surfactants in water and also with their association.
Objective Automated Drug Supplying and management System (ADS) are effective devices that secure ... more Objective Automated Drug Supplying and management System (ADS) are effective devices that secure drug’s circuit and reduce hospital’s expenses. The purposes of this study are to estimate the earnings made from ADS through a cost-benefit medical economic study, to highlight its impact on Central Chemotherapy Preparation Unit’s (CCPU) global organization, its ergonomy and staff’s satisfaction. Method Measurement of cytotoxic drug’s consumption, expiration losses, pharmacy staff’s working time, drugs stock-out before and after the implementation of ADS on the one hand, and assess its ergonomy and acceptability by users on the other hand. Results After the implementation of ADS, cytotoxic drug’s consumption decreased by 9 (%), expiration losses by 98.3 (%), and we could see a gain in working time among CCPU’S technicians of 1.32 (h/day) and pharmacist of 0.67 (h/day), in contrast to the stock manager who increased his working time by 0.95 (h/day). Stock-out have decreased by 41.1 (%). T...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: The solubility of drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into acco... more Objective: The solubility of drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into account in the formulation of oral solutions and parenteral forms. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of a mixture design in improving water solubility of celecoxib through a micellar system by the use of organic co solvent and nonionic surfactants that are well tolerated by the parenteral route. Methods: In our study, a design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of nonionic surfactants (Tween ® 80 and Solutol ® HS 15), an organic cosolvent (ethanol) and celecoxib. Solubility determination was based on the analysis of samples absorbance at 215 nm. A particles size measurement was conducted using a Dynamic Light Scattering at the point showing the maximum of solubility. Results: The results showed a significant solubility increase in most of tested mixtures. The analysis of the design space showed that the solubility of celecoxib varies very closely with the ...
Background Quality is a tool for clarification of the missions and relationships within the hospi... more Background Quality is a tool for clarification of the missions and relationships within the hospital pharmacy and units of care. It is a tool for standardisation of customer–supplier relationships within the institution by contracting; it is also a guarantee of continuous improvement of services provided to patients. Purpose Our goal was to present the experience of our hospital pharmacy in the implementation of a quality management system which received ISO 9001 v 2008 certification. Material and methods After implementation of the quality management system in the pharmacy, the effectiveness of internal and external processes was evaluated through several indicators. Results The results of the key indicators before and after certification are summarised in the table. Indicator Before (%) After (%) The shortage rate of drugs 7 1 The shortage rate of medical devices 24 2 The pre-emption rate of drugs 0.6 0.01 The pre-emption rate of medical devices 0.08 0 The drug and medical devices...
Background Medicines prescription is the centrepiece in the triad of care (patient–prescriber–pha... more Background Medicines prescription is the centrepiece in the triad of care (patient–prescriber–pharmacy). The electronic prescription has long been considered an effective means to reduce transcription errors as well as securing the flow of drugs at the hospital level. However, the experience of the Massachusetts General Hospital of Boston team found an error rate comparable between manual and electronic prescriptions (11.7%) 1 What about the time saving that electronic prescribing can provide compared with manual prescribing? Purpose The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of electronic prescription of medicine on time saving of the pharmaceutical team compared with manual prescription in our hospital. Material and methods We analysed the prescriptions received and processed in our hospital pharmacy over a period of 1 month according to good dispensing practices. We calculated the time between receipt of prescriptions and dispensation of medicines by the pharmaceutical...
Olive and soybean oils are commonly used in parenteral nutrition. Lipid NanoCapsules based on veg... more Olive and soybean oils are commonly used in parenteral nutrition. Lipid NanoCapsules based on vegetal oils (voLNC) can be used to allow both an easy dispersion of the oily phases in water and an improvement of parenteral mixture stability. To evaluate the stability of vo-LNC by size measurement, we chose to inspire us from the storage conditions and measurement intervals of the guideline of international conference on harmonization (ICH); stability testing of new drug substances and products Q1A(R2). Results showed that the size of vo-LNC was stable which allows safe administration by parenteral use.
The solubility of the drug substances in water is o ne f the major factors taken into account in ... more The solubility of the drug substances in water is o ne f the major factors taken into account in the f ormulation of oral solutions and parenteral dosage forms. The pre sent study was conducted to improve the solubility of acetaminophen in water by the use of phospholipids and nonionic surfactants (Tween ® 80 and Solutol ® 15HS). These excipients are well tolerated by the parenter al route and allow the solubilization through a mic ellar system. In our study, a design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of nonionic surfactan ts, phospholipids and acetaminophen. The results showed a significant increase in the solubility in all us ed mixtures. The analysis of the design space showed that the so lubility of acetaminophen varies very closely with the concentration of the three surfactants in water and lso with their association.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize a stable microemul... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize a stable microemulsion, with an improvement of the solubility of a poorly aqueous soluble drug, ibuprofen. Methods: Various oils (oleic acid, cottonseed oil, olive oil, argan oil, and labrafac® WL 1349), surfactants (tween® 80, tween® 40, tween® 20) and co-surfactants including polyethylene glycol 400, ethanol, 1-butanol, and propylene glycol were selected after solubility studies. Then, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams with surfactant/co-surfactant ratio of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 were constructed and a D-optimal mixture design method was used to optimize the ibuprofen loaded microemulsion. The optimized microemulsion was evaluated for several characteristics including globule size, zeta potential, pH, conductivity, refractive index and stability studies. Results: Optimized microemulsion obtained was composed of oleic acid (6.88% w/w), tween® 80/1-butanol (3:1, 63.11% w/w) and water (30.00% w/w). The results ...
parallel testing was performed using Chemfort VA from which the filter system had been removed. R... more parallel testing was performed using Chemfort VA from which the filter system had been removed. Results No drug was found in any of the test samples with the intact air filter system in Chemfort VAs, either fresh, following aging for 3 years or after 7 days of exposure to drug vapours. Recovered vapour was consistently found in the positive control samples which had Chemfor VAs without a filter system. Mean±SD (n=5) levels were 69±34 and 35±20 ng for cyclophosphamide and 5-FU, respectively. Conclusion and relevance The results confirm the efficacy of the Chemfort air filtration system, even after 7 days of exposure to drug vapour or a shelf life of 3 years.
The concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined in markets of hair dyes samples in Morocco... more The concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined in markets of hair dyes samples in Morocco. Sixteen synthetic and natural hair dyes were selected. The metals were analyzed after mineralization with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The content was determined using differential pulse polarography and the analytical method was validated. The method was linear with a correlation coefficient value (r) that ranged from 0.992 to 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.080 and 0.43 ppm for Pb and Cd, respectively. Finally, the concentrations of the two metals in the different hair dyes samples ranged from LOD to 3617.02 ppm for Pb and from LOD to 459.57 ppm for Cd. The majority of the concentrations were above acceptable levels for cosmetics. It has been demonstrated that heavy metals induce toxicity to human body even at a low level, hence the need to strengthen the control of cosmetic products by the competent authorities in Morocco.
Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfect... more Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfection de haut niveau en lieu et place de la stérilisation. Les techniques de désinfection sont classées en 3 niveaux d'action à savoir le bas, l'intermédiaire et le haut. Ce dernier doit couvrir les formes des microorganismes les plus résistants à savoir les spores. Pour bien mener cette désinfection, il faudra donc respecter les bonnes pratiques en vigueurs. Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer la pratique de la désinfection du matériel d'endoscopies au sein de notre structure. Matériel et méthodes : Etude prospective évaluant 12 unités de soins qui utilisent le matériel d'endoscopie au moyen d'un questionnaire que l'on a établi en tenant compte des 5M du diagramme d'Ichikawa. Résultats : Le matériel d'endoscopie n'est pas désinfecté selon les normes en vigueur, par négligence et/ou par manque de moyens. Ceci a des retombées négatives dans la lutte c...
Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfection ... more Introduction : Tout matériel d'endoscopie généralement thermosensible nécessite une désinfection de haut niveau en lieu et place de.la.stérilisation..Les.techniques.de.désinfection.sont.classées.en.3.niveaux.d'action.à.savoir.le.bas,.l'intermédiaire.et.le.haut..Ce. dernier.doit.couvrir.les.formes.des.microorganismes.les.plus.résistants.à.savoir.les.spores..Pour.bien.mener.cette.désinfection,.il. faudra donc respecter les bonnes pratiques en vigueurs. Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer la pratique de la désinfection du matériel d'endoscopies au sein de notre structure. Matériel et méthodes : Etude prospective évaluant 12 unités de soins qui utilisent le matériel d'endoscopie au moyen d'un questionnaire que l'on a établi en tenant compte des 5M du diagramme d'Ichikawa. Résultats : Le matériel d'endoscopie n'est pas désinfecté selon les normes en vigueur, par négligence et/ou par manque de moyens. Ceci a des retombées négatives dans la lutte contre les infections liées aux soins. des faiblesses ont été relevées dans la pratique.actuelle.de.cette.désinfection.et.qui.touchent.à.tous.les.niveaux.du.diagramme.d'Ichikawa.à.savoir.:.la.méthodologie,.la. main.(personnel),.la.matière,.le.matériel.et.le.milieu.(=.5M).. Conclusion : Le matériel d'endoscopie est mal désinfecté au centre hospitalier Ibn Sina. des moyens humains et matériels doivent être.déployé.pour.bien.traiter.ces.dispositifs.et.contribuer.à.la.lutte.contre.les.infections.liées.aux.soins.
The phenol is used in pharmaceutical domain as agent of preservation, a rapid and reliable spectr... more The phenol is used in pharmaceutical domain as agent of preservation, a rapid and reliable spectrophotometric method was validated for its determination in routine control. This method is based on the formation of a charge transfer complex between phenol and 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (DCQ) in basic medium. This produced a blue product with maximum absorption at 610nm. Beer’s law is obeyed and the calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999) over the range 7.5 10 -6 M – 7.5 10 -5
The solubility of the drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into account in ... more The solubility of the drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into account in the formulation of oral solutions and parenteral dosage forms. The present study was conducted to improve the solubility of ibuprofen in water by the use of phospholipids and nonionic surfactants (Tween ® 80 and Solutol ® 15HS). These excipients are well tolerated by the parenteral route and allow the solubilization through a micellar system. In our study, a design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of nonionic surfactants, phospholipids and ibuprofen. The results showed a significant increase in the solubility in all used mixtures. The analysis of the design space showed that the solubility of ibuprofen varies very closely with the concentration of the three surfactants in water and also with their association.
Objective Automated Drug Supplying and management System (ADS) are effective devices that secure ... more Objective Automated Drug Supplying and management System (ADS) are effective devices that secure drug’s circuit and reduce hospital’s expenses. The purposes of this study are to estimate the earnings made from ADS through a cost-benefit medical economic study, to highlight its impact on Central Chemotherapy Preparation Unit’s (CCPU) global organization, its ergonomy and staff’s satisfaction. Method Measurement of cytotoxic drug’s consumption, expiration losses, pharmacy staff’s working time, drugs stock-out before and after the implementation of ADS on the one hand, and assess its ergonomy and acceptability by users on the other hand. Results After the implementation of ADS, cytotoxic drug’s consumption decreased by 9 (%), expiration losses by 98.3 (%), and we could see a gain in working time among CCPU’S technicians of 1.32 (h/day) and pharmacist of 0.67 (h/day), in contrast to the stock manager who increased his working time by 0.95 (h/day). Stock-out have decreased by 41.1 (%). T...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: The solubility of drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into acco... more Objective: The solubility of drug substances in water is one of the major factors taken into account in the formulation of oral solutions and parenteral forms. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of a mixture design in improving water solubility of celecoxib through a micellar system by the use of organic co solvent and nonionic surfactants that are well tolerated by the parenteral route. Methods: In our study, a design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of nonionic surfactants (Tween ® 80 and Solutol ® HS 15), an organic cosolvent (ethanol) and celecoxib. Solubility determination was based on the analysis of samples absorbance at 215 nm. A particles size measurement was conducted using a Dynamic Light Scattering at the point showing the maximum of solubility. Results: The results showed a significant solubility increase in most of tested mixtures. The analysis of the design space showed that the solubility of celecoxib varies very closely with the ...
Background Quality is a tool for clarification of the missions and relationships within the hospi... more Background Quality is a tool for clarification of the missions and relationships within the hospital pharmacy and units of care. It is a tool for standardisation of customer–supplier relationships within the institution by contracting; it is also a guarantee of continuous improvement of services provided to patients. Purpose Our goal was to present the experience of our hospital pharmacy in the implementation of a quality management system which received ISO 9001 v 2008 certification. Material and methods After implementation of the quality management system in the pharmacy, the effectiveness of internal and external processes was evaluated through several indicators. Results The results of the key indicators before and after certification are summarised in the table. Indicator Before (%) After (%) The shortage rate of drugs 7 1 The shortage rate of medical devices 24 2 The pre-emption rate of drugs 0.6 0.01 The pre-emption rate of medical devices 0.08 0 The drug and medical devices...
Background Medicines prescription is the centrepiece in the triad of care (patient–prescriber–pha... more Background Medicines prescription is the centrepiece in the triad of care (patient–prescriber–pharmacy). The electronic prescription has long been considered an effective means to reduce transcription errors as well as securing the flow of drugs at the hospital level. However, the experience of the Massachusetts General Hospital of Boston team found an error rate comparable between manual and electronic prescriptions (11.7%) 1 What about the time saving that electronic prescribing can provide compared with manual prescribing? Purpose The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of electronic prescription of medicine on time saving of the pharmaceutical team compared with manual prescription in our hospital. Material and methods We analysed the prescriptions received and processed in our hospital pharmacy over a period of 1 month according to good dispensing practices. We calculated the time between receipt of prescriptions and dispensation of medicines by the pharmaceutical...
Olive and soybean oils are commonly used in parenteral nutrition. Lipid NanoCapsules based on veg... more Olive and soybean oils are commonly used in parenteral nutrition. Lipid NanoCapsules based on vegetal oils (voLNC) can be used to allow both an easy dispersion of the oily phases in water and an improvement of parenteral mixture stability. To evaluate the stability of vo-LNC by size measurement, we chose to inspire us from the storage conditions and measurement intervals of the guideline of international conference on harmonization (ICH); stability testing of new drug substances and products Q1A(R2). Results showed that the size of vo-LNC was stable which allows safe administration by parenteral use.
The solubility of the drug substances in water is o ne f the major factors taken into account in ... more The solubility of the drug substances in water is o ne f the major factors taken into account in the f ormulation of oral solutions and parenteral dosage forms. The pre sent study was conducted to improve the solubility of acetaminophen in water by the use of phospholipids and nonionic surfactants (Tween ® 80 and Solutol ® 15HS). These excipients are well tolerated by the parenter al route and allow the solubilization through a mic ellar system. In our study, a design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of nonionic surfactan ts, phospholipids and acetaminophen. The results showed a significant increase in the solubility in all us ed mixtures. The analysis of the design space showed that the so lubility of acetaminophen varies very closely with the concentration of the three surfactants in water and lso with their association.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize a stable microemul... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize a stable microemulsion, with an improvement of the solubility of a poorly aqueous soluble drug, ibuprofen. Methods: Various oils (oleic acid, cottonseed oil, olive oil, argan oil, and labrafac® WL 1349), surfactants (tween® 80, tween® 40, tween® 20) and co-surfactants including polyethylene glycol 400, ethanol, 1-butanol, and propylene glycol were selected after solubility studies. Then, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams with surfactant/co-surfactant ratio of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 were constructed and a D-optimal mixture design method was used to optimize the ibuprofen loaded microemulsion. The optimized microemulsion was evaluated for several characteristics including globule size, zeta potential, pH, conductivity, refractive index and stability studies. Results: Optimized microemulsion obtained was composed of oleic acid (6.88% w/w), tween® 80/1-butanol (3:1, 63.11% w/w) and water (30.00% w/w). The results ...
parallel testing was performed using Chemfort VA from which the filter system had been removed. R... more parallel testing was performed using Chemfort VA from which the filter system had been removed. Results No drug was found in any of the test samples with the intact air filter system in Chemfort VAs, either fresh, following aging for 3 years or after 7 days of exposure to drug vapours. Recovered vapour was consistently found in the positive control samples which had Chemfor VAs without a filter system. Mean±SD (n=5) levels were 69±34 and 35±20 ng for cyclophosphamide and 5-FU, respectively. Conclusion and relevance The results confirm the efficacy of the Chemfort air filtration system, even after 7 days of exposure to drug vapour or a shelf life of 3 years.
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