Systematic research through residents' attitudes, preferences, etc. in dwellings has become the d... more Systematic research through residents' attitudes, preferences, etc. in dwellings has become the dominant mode of environmental research into building design. Most of these works have been directed at the evaluation of buildings in terms of user satisfaction. Some have proposed, developed and applied procedures for identifying the factors contributing to resident satisfaction in dwellings. Others critically question the extent of the usefulness and appropriateness of the theoretical and methodological ground of this approach. The aim of this paper is to identify an appropriate approach for measuring and evaluating amount of privacy in apartments. The method which used is review of documents related to our issue and the technique which applied in this way is content analysis. The results shows that research into privacy, for the sake of adequacy, must treat people as subjects as well as objects. For research into privacy in man-environment transactions, or for understanding privacy needs and satisfaction with design neither the people itself nor the setting alone are sufficient. It seems that the congruence model is a particularly appropriate approach for studying privacy in design.
2017 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS), 2017
Building information modelling (BIM) is a digital technological-change that aid the transformatio... more Building information modelling (BIM) is a digital technological-change that aid the transformation of construction industry delivery processes from its traditional methods into a digitalised model full of information. BIM has been identified as a modern delivery technology that is revolutionising construction industry operation globally, with capacity to reduce inefficiencies, improved performance, and enhancing productivities through increasing collaboration and communication among project team throughout the project lifecycle. Despite this benefits, its acceptance have remain low due to lack of knowledge and skills required for it adoption and lack of competent BIM graduate injection to the industry. The paper aim at accessing the academic readiness of Higher Education Institution (HEIs) in Malaysia. To achieve this, the study first seeks industrial experts' opinions using interviews to evaluate their expectations from HEIs in the production of BIM competent workforce to the industry. Secondly the study employed an online questionnaire survey for HEIs' educators seeking to assess academic readiness for the production of employable BIM competent graduate to the industry. However, the paper submits that more is needed by HEIs to be academically ready for BIM to be integrated to HEIs academic programs. Also the study acknowledged that academic readiness will facilitates the realisation of institutional roles of the education sector of the industry and thus, prompting the review of curriculum to adequately take care of industrial needs as regards BIM competent graduate production.
International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR, 2015
This research investigated the history of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments and sketched their e... more This research investigated the history of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments and sketched their evolution to understand their creation process and innovations. We studied these ornaments regionally to identify regional variations and classified them based on tastes of patrons. Meanwhile, we analysed the formal aspects of these ornaments, including their dimension, proportion, dominant colour, material, and techniques. In addition, the study conducted detailed observations of their characteristics, such as margins, apex, thickness of stem scrolls and vents, to define their constructive elements, aesthetical properties, and design principles that reveal date, region, and styles. This research not only provides a comprehensive guide to the evolution of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments for architectural conservation projects but also serves as a reference for the comparative and critical analysis of contemporary Islamic-inspired ornaments.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has since developed alongside the improvement in the construc... more Building Information Modeling (BIM) has since developed alongside the improvement in the construction industry, purposely to simulate the design, management, construction and documentation. It facilitates and monitors the construction through visualization and emphasizes on various inputs to virtually design and construct a building using specific software. This study aims to identify and elaborate barriers of BIM usage in interior design industry in Malaysia. This study is initiated with a pilot survey utilising sixteen respondents that has been randomly chosen. Respondents are attached with interior design firms that are registered by Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM). The research findings are expected to provide significant information to encourage BIM adoption among interior design firms.
4th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2016), 2016
— Building Information Modelling (BIM) is recognized as new architectural design process to impro... more — Building Information Modelling (BIM) is recognized as new architectural design process to improve building design, productivity with less construction cost and time, but at the same time creates changes in design processes that can in turn alter business goals. Business profits as one of the major goals of architectural practices are at risk of failure when implementing Building Information Modelling. To elucidate the problem, this paper examines the challenges and barriers that impede architectural practices in utilization of Building Information Modelling. Its objectives is to investigate the barriers and the significant relationship between the size of architectural practices and barriers in utilizing Building Information Modelling. This study have utilized quantitative survey method where collection of data from selected sixty (60) architectural practices that have utilized Building Information Modelling were collected through structured survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed treated through descriptive statistics and multi regression analysis. The result of this study revealed that technological, financial, organizational, process and psychological barriers were more present in smaller architectural practices than bigger architectural practices. One valuable findings of this study is evaluating whether there is a correlation between size of architectural practice and barriers in BIM. It revealed that the bigger the architectural practice, the less that it is affected with the barriers, while the smaller architectural practice, the more that it is affected by barriers in utilizing BIM.
Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) are one of key ornaments, which are widely used as decoration... more Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) are one of key ornaments, which are widely used as decoration, over building elements in Islamic world of architecture. This research identifies the relation of building elements and their decorative patterns where it eventually indications to establish a guideline to use of IGPs based on building elements. For instance, in domes, Muslim architects used “combination of different geometrical patterns” technique to overcome variation of diameter form dome’s base to apex. Another case is Minaret, which is usually less decorated with geometrical patterns. This might be due to accessibility and visibility issues. Hence, relatively, more simple types of geometrical patterns can be found over this element. A thorough survey of ornaments of hundred well-survived buildings through Muslim world of architecture has been conducted for this purpose, which reveals how types of decorative patterns are associated with architectural properties of building elements.
As a continuation of the successfully ADIC2010 and ADIC2011, the same conference will again be he... more As a continuation of the successfully ADIC2010 and ADIC2011, the same conference will again be held in the year 2012. International conference on the development of Aceh is now proposed as the annual conference annual event, initiated by Acehnese student and scholar in Malaysia. Referring to the issue, Tanoh Rincong Acehnese Student Association (TARSA) and International Association of Acehnese Scholars (IAAS) initiate an International scope conference for sharing ideas, knowledge and insight for the current and future developing program of Aceh. The purpose and main objective of ADIC2012 are to gather all information, views, thoughts, and results of investigation from all academic disciplines around the globe to give a significant contribution for Aceh development in the future. This conference is also a forum for scholars contributing to the advancement and acceleration of sustainable development Aceh. The conference will be hold also in conjunction with the first meeting of International Association of Acehnese Scholars (IAAS) and Workshop on Civil Society and NGO's working in Aceh.
This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) to arc... more This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) to architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century.
International Journal of Architectural Computing, 2008
A parametric shape grammar of the traditional Malay houses (TMH) built in the past century is pre... more A parametric shape grammar of the traditional Malay houses (TMH) built in the past century is presented. The grammar, which consists of rules for generating the form and structure of TMH, is derived from simple geometric representations of the houses. The rules first derive the basic unit structures that form the shapes of the TMH. Nine basic shapes have been identified that form the main vocabulary elements of the grammar. Parameterized polygons and lines define each basic shape. Ranges of values assigned to the variables describing the parameterized polygons and lines are presented. The shape addition rules are used to characterize the compositional aspects of TMH style. Evidences of these basic shapes or their combinations have been documented by previous researchers and are used as a way of explaining the built forms of the TMH. The scope of the study is currently limited to the original TMH of the bumbung panjang (long roof) type in which the key features of the houses are easi...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The design process is a preliminary to design the space and development of the process to build a... more The design process is a preliminary to design the space and development of the process to build a building by the further systematic layout and appropriately. Through the design phases, designers are capable to prepare the drawings and organize the documents using by Building Information Modelling (BIM). This technology and innovation be able to enhance the performance of interior design services by improvement of skill and knowledge. These researches are to classify the element of services in the interior design and to evaluate the effectiveness of BIM usage in design process for the interior design industry. BIM is imperative for industry players to be the best construction by technologies implementation. Through this study, the number of sixty-three interior design firms was chosen and limit to surrounding in Klang Valley registered with Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM). The survey was conducted through the questionnaire survey and the data collection will be analysed to grant significant information in BIM adoption for interior design services.
Although Islam gives function and not form, Islam as a context has affects on forms and ornaments... more Although Islam gives function and not form, Islam as a context has affects on forms and ornaments in somewhat. The great role of geometry in Islamic architecture due to restriction of using natural figures is an example. In this research, the application of Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs), and suitability of their usage over architectural elements in terms of timescale accuracy and architectural-style matching is studied. A detailed survey of hundred wellsurviving buildings throughout the Muslim world of architecture has been conducted for this purpose and as a result, not only origin of patterns identified, but also radical artistic movements throughout the history of Islamic geometric ornaments revealed. Finally, this study sketches the evolution of IGPs through history, while regional diversities are also taken into account.
Reducing building evacuation time is a challenging research, which has been studied from any aspe... more Reducing building evacuation time is a challenging research, which has been studied from any aspects up to now. In many of these researches to evaluate the proposed method a simulation has been used. Simulating building evacuation is cost effective and very accessible to all. However, the reality of the results of the simulation environment is very important. Each agent in simulation must exactly do the same as a panic evacuee performs in the disaster time. Uncertainty is attached to human behavior and especially in panic time it shows increase. However, the parameter of uncertainty has not yet included in evacuee behavior for evacuation simulation. In this paper, using game theory, an agent-based model has been proposed where the value of uncertainty during the time will be decreased. The results of this study showed that the evacuation time by considering uncertainty is not the same without considering it. Based on different scenarios it can be more or less. Nevertheless, this sho...
Devotional and ritual observance by internal pilgrims to Hajj presents a constant journey towards... more Devotional and ritual observance by internal pilgrims to Hajj presents a constant journey towards fulfilling the fifth pillar of Islam. Although, internal pilgrims are within their geographical domain, the large number of pilgrims visiting Mina at a given time stimulates crowding perception. Internal pilgrims perform such rituals in Mina for a minimum of three days. The local authorities are constantly expected to provide adequate amenities which require constant assessment to enable internal pilgrims perform their rituals without the stress of feeling crowded. In the quest for sustainable best practices, this paper examines the effects of sustainable physical factors (coding and signage, disorientation cause, spatial anxiety, orientation strategies and routing strategies) on perceived crowding levels among internal group of pilgrims in Mina. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaire from 473 internal pilgrims to Hajj. The data was analysed using SPSS for descriptive an...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Apr 2, 2018
African pilgrimage to the Mecca date back to the early years of Islam through the Sahara desert. ... more African pilgrimage to the Mecca date back to the early years of Islam through the Sahara desert. The perception of this group of pilgrims as they embark on the sacred Mina prayer rituals directly translates to how they perceived crowding in Mina. Hajj rituals are carried out at Mina for a minimum of three days. The optimum provision and continuous improvements of the facilities for pilgrims determines how this group reacts to the crowded environment which invariably affects their psychology. This paper assesses the impacts of personal factors (control, expectation, mood and sociability) and social factors (interpersonal similarity, provision of information and activities) on crowding levels perception among pilgrim groups from African origins. A self-administered survey instrument was used in the collection of data from the African origin Hajj group totaling 156 in number. Data analysis was carried out utilizing SPSS on the descriptive data and AMOS for multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The survey instruments internal consistency, sample adequacy Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) found that the validity was within acceptable thresholds. The pilgrim groups from African origins measurement model revealed that sociability and interpersonal similarity had the highest correlation while level of perceived crowing and activities had the lowest correlation. Furthermore, for personal factors, sociability had the highest inverse impact and for social factors, interpersonal similarity. The authorities formulating policies to managing crowd levels and perception will invariably be affected by adapting these research findings to improve the Hajj experience. Subsequently, assessing several other factors, which effect Hajj pilgrims such as physical factors, provides an avenue for future research.
It is an open fact that building information modelling (BIM) have been and is still expanding its... more It is an open fact that building information modelling (BIM) have been and is still expanding its usefulness across professional specialization in the building industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a new way of doing things in the building industry and it is a system that is rapidly revolutionizing entire process therein. It is also apparent that most professionals in the building industry are aware and willing to embed the BIM culture but with absolute little to no knowledge about it workability. This is the major challenges, which is as a result of lack of BIM integration to education. This paper therefore seeks prominent works of researchers in BIM and the apparent benefits so far gained and still to be gained with BIM integration to higher education in Malaysia. Thus attempting to proffer an integration strategic that will facilitate an adequate smooth BIM adoption in the building industry, this will boost building project delivery and mitigate against shortcomings o...
International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability
Experiences are a part of our daily lives through our interactions with the environment around us... more Experiences are a part of our daily lives through our interactions with the environment around us. We live life through the realm of experiences, be it playing or working. As we encounter phenomena frequently, it is deduced that most of it comes from within the built environment, considering how most of our time is spent indoors. Hence, it is imperative that we understand the impact of the built environment on human physiology especially within the context of religious spaces which is largely attributed to phenomenological experiences. Despite the importance of understanding the impact of the built environment on human physiology, phenomenological studies that addresses this relationship are still lacking. This presents a gap which necessitates evidence to be provided in the form of phenomenological studies. Hence, this study attempts to address the gap by utilising evidential data with the utilisation of the portable electroencephalography (EEG) device. In doing so, the brainwave r...
This study gives a better understanding of the effect of crowding on pilgrims at the Hajj. It exp... more This study gives a better understanding of the effect of crowding on pilgrims at the Hajj. It explores the levels of perceived crowding of Southeastern Asian pilgrims and investigates the effects of gender on their perceived crowding. Questionnaire in both Bahasa Melayu and English languages were administered for data collections from randomly selected pilgrims, (n=128), from the Southeast Asia Hajj group at Mina for three days (10th, 11th and 12th of Dhul-Hijjah). Results revealed that pilgrims witness high levels of crowd perception within their stay at Mina. In addition also, differences between the overall perceived crowding, perceived human crowding and perceived spatial crowding among pilgrims were revealed. Perceived human crowding was found as an indicator to the overall perceived crowding at Mina. Future research could be carried out to assess the effects of other factors such as education and cultural backgrounds and these findings can help authorities in charge of formul...
Systematic research through residents' attitudes, preferences, etc. in dwellings has become the d... more Systematic research through residents' attitudes, preferences, etc. in dwellings has become the dominant mode of environmental research into building design. Most of these works have been directed at the evaluation of buildings in terms of user satisfaction. Some have proposed, developed and applied procedures for identifying the factors contributing to resident satisfaction in dwellings. Others critically question the extent of the usefulness and appropriateness of the theoretical and methodological ground of this approach. The aim of this paper is to identify an appropriate approach for measuring and evaluating amount of privacy in apartments. The method which used is review of documents related to our issue and the technique which applied in this way is content analysis. The results shows that research into privacy, for the sake of adequacy, must treat people as subjects as well as objects. For research into privacy in man-environment transactions, or for understanding privacy needs and satisfaction with design neither the people itself nor the setting alone are sufficient. It seems that the congruence model is a particularly appropriate approach for studying privacy in design.
2017 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS), 2017
Building information modelling (BIM) is a digital technological-change that aid the transformatio... more Building information modelling (BIM) is a digital technological-change that aid the transformation of construction industry delivery processes from its traditional methods into a digitalised model full of information. BIM has been identified as a modern delivery technology that is revolutionising construction industry operation globally, with capacity to reduce inefficiencies, improved performance, and enhancing productivities through increasing collaboration and communication among project team throughout the project lifecycle. Despite this benefits, its acceptance have remain low due to lack of knowledge and skills required for it adoption and lack of competent BIM graduate injection to the industry. The paper aim at accessing the academic readiness of Higher Education Institution (HEIs) in Malaysia. To achieve this, the study first seeks industrial experts' opinions using interviews to evaluate their expectations from HEIs in the production of BIM competent workforce to the industry. Secondly the study employed an online questionnaire survey for HEIs' educators seeking to assess academic readiness for the production of employable BIM competent graduate to the industry. However, the paper submits that more is needed by HEIs to be academically ready for BIM to be integrated to HEIs academic programs. Also the study acknowledged that academic readiness will facilitates the realisation of institutional roles of the education sector of the industry and thus, prompting the review of curriculum to adequately take care of industrial needs as regards BIM competent graduate production.
International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR, 2015
This research investigated the history of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments and sketched their e... more This research investigated the history of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments and sketched their evolution to understand their creation process and innovations. We studied these ornaments regionally to identify regional variations and classified them based on tastes of patrons. Meanwhile, we analysed the formal aspects of these ornaments, including their dimension, proportion, dominant colour, material, and techniques. In addition, the study conducted detailed observations of their characteristics, such as margins, apex, thickness of stem scrolls and vents, to define their constructive elements, aesthetical properties, and design principles that reveal date, region, and styles. This research not only provides a comprehensive guide to the evolution of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments for architectural conservation projects but also serves as a reference for the comparative and critical analysis of contemporary Islamic-inspired ornaments.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has since developed alongside the improvement in the construc... more Building Information Modeling (BIM) has since developed alongside the improvement in the construction industry, purposely to simulate the design, management, construction and documentation. It facilitates and monitors the construction through visualization and emphasizes on various inputs to virtually design and construct a building using specific software. This study aims to identify and elaborate barriers of BIM usage in interior design industry in Malaysia. This study is initiated with a pilot survey utilising sixteen respondents that has been randomly chosen. Respondents are attached with interior design firms that are registered by Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM). The research findings are expected to provide significant information to encourage BIM adoption among interior design firms.
4th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2016), 2016
— Building Information Modelling (BIM) is recognized as new architectural design process to impro... more — Building Information Modelling (BIM) is recognized as new architectural design process to improve building design, productivity with less construction cost and time, but at the same time creates changes in design processes that can in turn alter business goals. Business profits as one of the major goals of architectural practices are at risk of failure when implementing Building Information Modelling. To elucidate the problem, this paper examines the challenges and barriers that impede architectural practices in utilization of Building Information Modelling. Its objectives is to investigate the barriers and the significant relationship between the size of architectural practices and barriers in utilizing Building Information Modelling. This study have utilized quantitative survey method where collection of data from selected sixty (60) architectural practices that have utilized Building Information Modelling were collected through structured survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed treated through descriptive statistics and multi regression analysis. The result of this study revealed that technological, financial, organizational, process and psychological barriers were more present in smaller architectural practices than bigger architectural practices. One valuable findings of this study is evaluating whether there is a correlation between size of architectural practice and barriers in BIM. It revealed that the bigger the architectural practice, the less that it is affected with the barriers, while the smaller architectural practice, the more that it is affected by barriers in utilizing BIM.
Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) are one of key ornaments, which are widely used as decoration... more Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) are one of key ornaments, which are widely used as decoration, over building elements in Islamic world of architecture. This research identifies the relation of building elements and their decorative patterns where it eventually indications to establish a guideline to use of IGPs based on building elements. For instance, in domes, Muslim architects used “combination of different geometrical patterns” technique to overcome variation of diameter form dome’s base to apex. Another case is Minaret, which is usually less decorated with geometrical patterns. This might be due to accessibility and visibility issues. Hence, relatively, more simple types of geometrical patterns can be found over this element. A thorough survey of ornaments of hundred well-survived buildings through Muslim world of architecture has been conducted for this purpose, which reveals how types of decorative patterns are associated with architectural properties of building elements.
As a continuation of the successfully ADIC2010 and ADIC2011, the same conference will again be he... more As a continuation of the successfully ADIC2010 and ADIC2011, the same conference will again be held in the year 2012. International conference on the development of Aceh is now proposed as the annual conference annual event, initiated by Acehnese student and scholar in Malaysia. Referring to the issue, Tanoh Rincong Acehnese Student Association (TARSA) and International Association of Acehnese Scholars (IAAS) initiate an International scope conference for sharing ideas, knowledge and insight for the current and future developing program of Aceh. The purpose and main objective of ADIC2012 are to gather all information, views, thoughts, and results of investigation from all academic disciplines around the globe to give a significant contribution for Aceh development in the future. This conference is also a forum for scholars contributing to the advancement and acceleration of sustainable development Aceh. The conference will be hold also in conjunction with the first meeting of International Association of Acehnese Scholars (IAAS) and Workshop on Civil Society and NGO's working in Aceh.
This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) to arc... more This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) to architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century.
International Journal of Architectural Computing, 2008
A parametric shape grammar of the traditional Malay houses (TMH) built in the past century is pre... more A parametric shape grammar of the traditional Malay houses (TMH) built in the past century is presented. The grammar, which consists of rules for generating the form and structure of TMH, is derived from simple geometric representations of the houses. The rules first derive the basic unit structures that form the shapes of the TMH. Nine basic shapes have been identified that form the main vocabulary elements of the grammar. Parameterized polygons and lines define each basic shape. Ranges of values assigned to the variables describing the parameterized polygons and lines are presented. The shape addition rules are used to characterize the compositional aspects of TMH style. Evidences of these basic shapes or their combinations have been documented by previous researchers and are used as a way of explaining the built forms of the TMH. The scope of the study is currently limited to the original TMH of the bumbung panjang (long roof) type in which the key features of the houses are easi...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The design process is a preliminary to design the space and development of the process to build a... more The design process is a preliminary to design the space and development of the process to build a building by the further systematic layout and appropriately. Through the design phases, designers are capable to prepare the drawings and organize the documents using by Building Information Modelling (BIM). This technology and innovation be able to enhance the performance of interior design services by improvement of skill and knowledge. These researches are to classify the element of services in the interior design and to evaluate the effectiveness of BIM usage in design process for the interior design industry. BIM is imperative for industry players to be the best construction by technologies implementation. Through this study, the number of sixty-three interior design firms was chosen and limit to surrounding in Klang Valley registered with Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM). The survey was conducted through the questionnaire survey and the data collection will be analysed to grant significant information in BIM adoption for interior design services.
Although Islam gives function and not form, Islam as a context has affects on forms and ornaments... more Although Islam gives function and not form, Islam as a context has affects on forms and ornaments in somewhat. The great role of geometry in Islamic architecture due to restriction of using natural figures is an example. In this research, the application of Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs), and suitability of their usage over architectural elements in terms of timescale accuracy and architectural-style matching is studied. A detailed survey of hundred wellsurviving buildings throughout the Muslim world of architecture has been conducted for this purpose and as a result, not only origin of patterns identified, but also radical artistic movements throughout the history of Islamic geometric ornaments revealed. Finally, this study sketches the evolution of IGPs through history, while regional diversities are also taken into account.
Reducing building evacuation time is a challenging research, which has been studied from any aspe... more Reducing building evacuation time is a challenging research, which has been studied from any aspects up to now. In many of these researches to evaluate the proposed method a simulation has been used. Simulating building evacuation is cost effective and very accessible to all. However, the reality of the results of the simulation environment is very important. Each agent in simulation must exactly do the same as a panic evacuee performs in the disaster time. Uncertainty is attached to human behavior and especially in panic time it shows increase. However, the parameter of uncertainty has not yet included in evacuee behavior for evacuation simulation. In this paper, using game theory, an agent-based model has been proposed where the value of uncertainty during the time will be decreased. The results of this study showed that the evacuation time by considering uncertainty is not the same without considering it. Based on different scenarios it can be more or less. Nevertheless, this sho...
Devotional and ritual observance by internal pilgrims to Hajj presents a constant journey towards... more Devotional and ritual observance by internal pilgrims to Hajj presents a constant journey towards fulfilling the fifth pillar of Islam. Although, internal pilgrims are within their geographical domain, the large number of pilgrims visiting Mina at a given time stimulates crowding perception. Internal pilgrims perform such rituals in Mina for a minimum of three days. The local authorities are constantly expected to provide adequate amenities which require constant assessment to enable internal pilgrims perform their rituals without the stress of feeling crowded. In the quest for sustainable best practices, this paper examines the effects of sustainable physical factors (coding and signage, disorientation cause, spatial anxiety, orientation strategies and routing strategies) on perceived crowding levels among internal group of pilgrims in Mina. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaire from 473 internal pilgrims to Hajj. The data was analysed using SPSS for descriptive an...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Apr 2, 2018
African pilgrimage to the Mecca date back to the early years of Islam through the Sahara desert. ... more African pilgrimage to the Mecca date back to the early years of Islam through the Sahara desert. The perception of this group of pilgrims as they embark on the sacred Mina prayer rituals directly translates to how they perceived crowding in Mina. Hajj rituals are carried out at Mina for a minimum of three days. The optimum provision and continuous improvements of the facilities for pilgrims determines how this group reacts to the crowded environment which invariably affects their psychology. This paper assesses the impacts of personal factors (control, expectation, mood and sociability) and social factors (interpersonal similarity, provision of information and activities) on crowding levels perception among pilgrim groups from African origins. A self-administered survey instrument was used in the collection of data from the African origin Hajj group totaling 156 in number. Data analysis was carried out utilizing SPSS on the descriptive data and AMOS for multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The survey instruments internal consistency, sample adequacy Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) found that the validity was within acceptable thresholds. The pilgrim groups from African origins measurement model revealed that sociability and interpersonal similarity had the highest correlation while level of perceived crowing and activities had the lowest correlation. Furthermore, for personal factors, sociability had the highest inverse impact and for social factors, interpersonal similarity. The authorities formulating policies to managing crowd levels and perception will invariably be affected by adapting these research findings to improve the Hajj experience. Subsequently, assessing several other factors, which effect Hajj pilgrims such as physical factors, provides an avenue for future research.
It is an open fact that building information modelling (BIM) have been and is still expanding its... more It is an open fact that building information modelling (BIM) have been and is still expanding its usefulness across professional specialization in the building industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a new way of doing things in the building industry and it is a system that is rapidly revolutionizing entire process therein. It is also apparent that most professionals in the building industry are aware and willing to embed the BIM culture but with absolute little to no knowledge about it workability. This is the major challenges, which is as a result of lack of BIM integration to education. This paper therefore seeks prominent works of researchers in BIM and the apparent benefits so far gained and still to be gained with BIM integration to higher education in Malaysia. Thus attempting to proffer an integration strategic that will facilitate an adequate smooth BIM adoption in the building industry, this will boost building project delivery and mitigate against shortcomings o...
International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability
Experiences are a part of our daily lives through our interactions with the environment around us... more Experiences are a part of our daily lives through our interactions with the environment around us. We live life through the realm of experiences, be it playing or working. As we encounter phenomena frequently, it is deduced that most of it comes from within the built environment, considering how most of our time is spent indoors. Hence, it is imperative that we understand the impact of the built environment on human physiology especially within the context of religious spaces which is largely attributed to phenomenological experiences. Despite the importance of understanding the impact of the built environment on human physiology, phenomenological studies that addresses this relationship are still lacking. This presents a gap which necessitates evidence to be provided in the form of phenomenological studies. Hence, this study attempts to address the gap by utilising evidential data with the utilisation of the portable electroencephalography (EEG) device. In doing so, the brainwave r...
This study gives a better understanding of the effect of crowding on pilgrims at the Hajj. It exp... more This study gives a better understanding of the effect of crowding on pilgrims at the Hajj. It explores the levels of perceived crowding of Southeastern Asian pilgrims and investigates the effects of gender on their perceived crowding. Questionnaire in both Bahasa Melayu and English languages were administered for data collections from randomly selected pilgrims, (n=128), from the Southeast Asia Hajj group at Mina for three days (10th, 11th and 12th of Dhul-Hijjah). Results revealed that pilgrims witness high levels of crowd perception within their stay at Mina. In addition also, differences between the overall perceived crowding, perceived human crowding and perceived spatial crowding among pilgrims were revealed. Perceived human crowding was found as an indicator to the overall perceived crowding at Mina. Future research could be carried out to assess the effects of other factors such as education and cultural backgrounds and these findings can help authorities in charge of formul...
Uploads
Papers by Rashid Embi