Papers by Reuben Harrison
In this paper, we describe and evaluate some recently innovated coupling metrics for object-orien... more In this paper, we describe and evaluate some recently innovated coupling metrics for object-oriented OO design. The Coupling Between Objects CBO metric of Chidamber and Kemerer are evaluated empirically using ve OO systems, and compared with an alternative OO design metric called NAS, which measures the Number of Associations between a class and its peers. The NAS metric is directly collectible from design documents such as the Object Model of OMT. Results from all systems studied indicate a strong relationship between CBO and NAS, suggesting that they are not orthogonal. We h ypothesised that coupling would be related to understandability, the number of errors and error density. No relationships were found for any of the systems between class understandability and coupling. Only limited evidence was found to support our hypothesis linking increased coupling to increased error density. The work described in this paper is part of the`Metrics for OO Programming Systems' MOOPS project, which aims are to evaluate existing OO metrics, and to innovate and evaluate new OO analysis and design metrics, aimed speci cally at the early stages of development.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2007
We sought to determine whether circulating apoptotic markers are altered in acute liver failure (... more We sought to determine whether circulating apoptotic markers are altered in acute liver failure (ALF), differ with etiology, or predict clinical outcome in this condition. Methods: Serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-␣), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in 67 acute liver failure patients, as well as controls. In a subset of the groups, we measured serum M-30 antigen, an exposed neoepitope from caspase cleavage. We also assessed M-30 immunoreactivity in liver tissue of ALF patients and controls. Results: Median levels for TNF-␣, HGF, IL-6, and M-30 antigen were at least 10-fold greater in ALF than in hepatitis C virus or normal controls (P < .0001). Median day 1 sFas, day 3 sFas, and day 1 HGF levels varied according to etiology of acute liver failure (P ؍ .004, P ؍ .011, and P ؍ .019, respectively), with values for druginduced liver injury and acetaminophen-related ALF higher than other etiologies. Median M-30 antigen levels were significantly higher in patients who were transplanted and/or died (2183 U/L) than spontaneous survivors (1004 U/L) (P ؍ .026). M-30 immunoreactivity in liver tissue was significantly greater in ALF patients than HCV controls (P ؍ .004). Conclusions: TNF-␣, HGF, IL-6, and M-30 antigen were significantly elevated in ALF. High levels of sFas and HGF might help to confirm a diagnosis of druginduced liver injury or acetaminophen-related ALF. Higher levels of M-30 antigen are associated with poor clinical outcomes in ALF.
Various sets of OO metrics have recently been proposed as a way of identifying problem areas befo... more Various sets of OO metrics have recently been proposed as a way of identifying problem areas before they permeate to the latter development stages. However, these metrics are often only amenable to collection at the code level, often too late to prevent excessive maintenance costs being incurred. OO design metrics can be used to ease extraction of the design, thus facilitating reengineering. They also facilitate quantication of the extracted design, permitting reengineering decisions to be made more eectively. The OO metrics we ...
pete with other forage species. In the work reported here, we utilized a replacement series exper... more pete with other forage species. In the work reported here, we utilized a replacement series experiment to Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) (QG) is a troublesome study interspecific competition and compare the perfor- weed in row crop production but has some ideal forage characteristics for pastures. The competitive interactions of QG with other forage mance of quackgrass (target species) across
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 2000
The high-density lipoproteins LPI and LPII were isolated from the hemolymph of the crayfish Chera... more The high-density lipoproteins LPI and LPII were isolated from the hemolymph of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus by gradient ultracentrifugation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both lipoproteins contained a carotenoid moiety. LPI is comprised of a single polypeptide with an approximate molecular mass of 96 kDa. LPII was composed of two similar native components, LPIIa and LPIIb, both having polypeptides of 80 and 177 kDa. Both under natural conditions and after endocrine manipulations, LPI was present in males and in females, regardless of the female reproductive stage. LPII was present only in secondary-vitellogenic females, but not during the winter reproductive arrest period. LPII was also absent from young females that had received androgenic gland implants. LPII also appeared in the hemolymph of intersex individuals from which the androgenic gland had been removed. It is therefore suggested that LPII serves as a marker indicating the onset of secondary vitellogenesis in C. quadricarinatus females.
Virchows Archiv, 1988
Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG) in dogs has been employed as a model for human hereditary... more Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG) in dogs has been employed as a model for human hereditary nephritis (HN), since affected dogs and patients show splitting of glomerular capillary basement membranes by electron microscopy (EM) and absent staining of glomerular capillaries for Goodpasture antigen (GPA) by immunofluorescence (IF). EM and IF were used to examine basement membranes (BM) in skin, lung, choroid plexus, lens, retina, and inner ear in SHG. By EM, BM in these tissues appeared similar in affected male, carrier female, and unaffected dogs. By IF, GPA could be detected only in lens capsule, internal limiting membrane of retina and basilar membrane of inner ear of unaffected and carrier female dogs, but not in affected male dogs. However, eye abnormalities and hearing loss were not present in any dogs, in contrast to their frequent occurrence in human HN. Our findings on extra-renal BM in SHG suggest that GPA is not required to maintain normal vision or hearing in affected male dogs and permit a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of human HN.
Purpose: This study examines the direct and indirect relationships between individual components ... more Purpose: This study examines the direct and indirect relationships between individual components of nutritional risk and increased severity of disability among a large and diverse sample of homebound older adults. Design and Methods: Using routinely collected nutrition and function data, structural equation modeling of recursive and nonrecursive models examined the interrelationships of nutritional risk factors, indicators of nutritional risk, and disability severity among 1,010 home-delivered meals program participants in Wake County, NC. Results: The equally good fit for both the recursive and nonrecursive structural models revealed that specific nutritional risk factors were directly and indirectly associated with indicators of nutritional risk and increased severity of disability. The nonrecursive model also revealed significant reciprocal associations of increased disability with unintended weight change and medication use. Implications: The findings from this study acknowledge aspects of the complex direct and indirect relationships between nutrition and function among homebound older persons. This knowledge will help service providers with the development of effective elderly nutrition programs with nutritional and functional status outcomes.
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 2011
The authors describe the prevalence, formation, maintenance, and evaluation of student aging inte... more The authors describe the prevalence, formation, maintenance, and evaluation of student aging interest groups. They conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey of the 46 academic medical centers funded by the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation. To evaluate their group of approximately 50 students, the authors conducted an electronic pretest and posttest of attitudes toward interdisciplinary education and knowledge about aging. Twenty-nine of 32 responding institutions funded by the Reynolds Foundation conducted a group; only medical students participated in one half of these groups. Panel presentations were the most prevalent group activity. Evaluation of their group revealed that an interprofessional service learning experience had the greatest impact on student perceptions of the educational preparation and competency of other disciplines. At posttest, medical students in their group had significantly less positive perceptions of actual cooperation between disciplines than did physical therapy or pharmacy students. Aging interest groups conducted by institutions funded by the Reynolds Foundation did not have a high level of interdisciplinary participation. Intermittent exposure to other disciplines during a small number of group activities may be insufficient to overcome “disciplinary split” and achieve interprofessional team orientation without changes in the structure of medical education.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008
In paradigms in which participants state their ideal romantic-partner preferences or examine vign... more In paradigms in which participants state their ideal romantic-partner preferences or examine vignettes and photographs, men value physical attractiveness more than women do, and women value earning prospects more than men do. Yet it remains unclear if these preferences remain sex differentiated in predicting desire for real-life potential partners (i.e., individuals whom one has actually met). In the present study, the authors explored this possibility using speed dating and longitudinal follow-up procedures. Replicating previous research, participants exhibited traditional sex differences when stating the importance of physical attractiveness and earning prospects in an ideal partner and ideal speed date. However, data revealed no sex differences in the associations between participants' romantic interest in real-life potential partners (met during and outside of speed dating) and the attractiveness and earning prospects of those partners. Furthermore, participants' ideal preferences, assessed before the speed-dating event, failed to predict what inspired their actual desire at the event. Results are discussed within the context of R. E. Nisbett and T. D. seminal article: Even regarding such a consequential aspect of mental life as romantic-partner preferences, people may lack introspective awareness of what influences their judgments and behavior.
Psychiatric Quarterly, 1998
The relationship between creatine kinase (CK) and aggressive behavior was tested in 195 males con... more The relationship between creatine kinase (CK) and aggressive behavior was tested in 195 males consecutively admitted to a forensic hospital. Among patients receiving antipsychotic medication, the most violent patients had higher CK levels than less violent patients. This was not the case in patients who did not receive antipsychotic medication. CK levels were not influenced by age, ethnicity, or clinical diagnosis. CK levels were however influenced by prior assaul-tiveness and restraints. When these two factors were controlled for, CK levels remained strongly associated with subsequent violence. CK appears to be a potential predictor of violent behavior. It has the advantage of easy availability in comparison to other biological markers of aggression (e.g., 5-H1AA). Prospective studies are needed to confirm the validity of this biobehavioral association.
Uploads
Papers by Reuben Harrison