To evaluate anxiolytic effect of stem bark ethanol and chloroform extracts of Erythrina mysorensi... more To evaluate anxiolytic effect of stem bark ethanol and chloroform extracts of Erythrina mysorensis in mice. The anxiolytic activity was examined by using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT), and motor coordination by rotarod test (RRT). Twenty four Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1 received vehicle (normal saline); group 2 received diazepam (1 mg/kg); groups 3 and 4 received ethanolic and chloroform extract of Erythrina mysorensis, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Mice treated with diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant (P < 0.001) increase ini the percentage of open arms entries and time spent whereas, in closed arm the number of entries and time spent were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Oral administration of chloroform and ethanol extract of E. mysorensis exhibited significant (P < 0.05) increase in the number of open arm entries and time spent with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in number of entries and time spent in the closed arm as compared to group 1. Chloroform and ethanol extracts treated mice also produced significant increase in the number of rearings (P < 0.05), assisted rearings and number of squares crossed (P < 0.01). Rotarod test showed significant (P < 0.01) reduction in motor activity at 45 min with diazepam and E. mysorensis extracts (400 mg/kg) as compared to groups 3 and 1. Erythrina mysorensis possess significant anxiolytic activity in the mice. It can be a promising anxiolytic agent.
The housefly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genuine danger to human and creature w... more The housefly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genuine danger to human and creature wellbeing. Houseflies are vectors of in excess of 100 human and creature intestinal maladies. They are fit for communicating parasites that cause illnesses, for example, typhoid fever, cholera, bacillary looseness of the bowels, juvenile the runs, tuberculosis, plague, sickness, yaws, samonellosis, trachoma, and Bacillus anthracis. Creature wellbeing concerns incorporate the transmission of pinkeye. If we want to quell this insect pest the humans using insecticides and repellents but due to chronic use of these chemical compounds will create insecticide resistance in these domestic insect pests. There are numerous proteins/enzymes responsible for degradation of the chemicals used to get rid of these pests, but due to the action of some of the proteins/enzymes namely Ache gene(considering in the current study) will be rigorously involved in degradation of chemical compounds results in expr...
Validation of the ethnotherapeutic claim of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. was investigated to eval... more Validation of the ethnotherapeutic claim of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. was investigated to evaluate its wound-healing potency in experimental rats. For topical application, 4% (w/w) ointment cream bases of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts were prepared and assessed for their effect on excision, incision and dead space wound models. Significant wound healing was observed in animals treated with chloroform and ethanol extracts, similar to the reference standard drug Nitrofurazone. It was evaluated by increased area of epithelialization, followed by an increase in wound contraction, skin breaking strength and tissue granulation dry weight. Histopathological studies of the granulation tissue also indicated that there was an increase in collagen formation in those rats treated with chloroform and ethanol extract compared to the control and petroleum ether extract treated animals. The chloroform and ethanol extract showed significant (P < 0.01) results compared with t...
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
3 ABSTRACT: Tomato cultivar Arkavikas were transformed with Ace-AMP1 gene, regenerated plants wer... more 3 ABSTRACT: Tomato cultivar Arkavikas were transformed with Ace-AMP1 gene, regenerated plants were screened for the presence of gene and T1 transgenic leaves were used for detached leaf bioassay evaluations. Three different stages of transgenic tomato leaves were evaluated for resistance to early blight caused by the fungus Alternariasolani. Evaluations were conducted in three replications in growth chambers using detached leaves under controlled conditions. Leaf samples were plated on sterile blotting paper with 3 mm fungal plug along with respective control. Percentage of lesion diameter were calculated and compared with control for disease resistances. Forty day old leaf developed chlorotic lesions in 3 days and were more susceptible to disease when compared to 60 and 90 day old leaves and the correct age for detached leaf bioassay evaluation is 90 day old leaf. Transgenic line 10-7 was highly resistant towards Alternariasolani and moderate levels of resistance were observed in 7...
Insecticides are playing as pivotal role in agriculture worldwide towards protecting the crops fr... more Insecticides are playing as pivotal role in agriculture worldwide towards protecting the crops from insect pests, their efficacy has been limited by the development of resistance in many major pests, including some that became pests only as a result of chronic and unscientific insecticide practice. Insecticide resistance is both an interesting example of the adaptability of insect pests, and also in the design of resistance management programmes. Resistance may be demarcated as ‘a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the labeled recommendation for that pest species. This current study throws a light in understanding the mechanism of Insecticide resistance by considering 2 lepidopteran insect pests namely-Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella treated with organophosphate chemical, Dichlorvos collected from Dodaballapura of Bangalore rural district. Th...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Orchids are widely used the economically important ornamental plant. Conventionally, t... more Objective: Orchids are widely used the economically important ornamental plant. Conventionally, they were also used for the treatment of several diseases. In the present study, five species of medicinal Orchids from South India were selected to evaluate their antioxidant potential.Methods: The selected species were extracted by Soxhlet method using 70% ethanol. The extracts obtained were analyzed for various quantitative and antioxidant assays followed by correlation analysis in between quantitative and antioxidant activity.Results: Antioxidant data revealed that among the extracts of five orchids, Coelogyne breviscapa was proved to be superior in terms of antioxidant activities, followed by Aerides maculosum, Dendrobium macrostachyum, Pholidota pallida, and Vanda testacea. Correlation analysis was performed, and the results proved simple positive correlation and highest average value of “r” (correlation coefficient) for antioxidant activities with quantitative were the total antiox...
Aim Deformity in the cellular homeostatic event associated with cell survival and apoptosis are c... more Aim Deformity in the cellular homeostatic event associated with cell survival and apoptosis are committing factors for carcinogenesis. Interventions of these events by pharmacologically active agent gain predominance in cancer treatment. In current investigation Solanidine, a steroidal alkaloid was evaluated on tumorigenesis by targeting death signal using multiple tumor cells and model systems. Anti-proliferative effect was evaluated using cytotoxic studies. Prolonged cytotoxic effect of Solanidine was examined by colony formation assay. Exhibition of apoptotic hallmark induced by Solanidine was examined using FACS analysis, Annexin-V staining, Acridine orange staining, TUNEL assay. Altered gene expression was evaluated using Immunoblot, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry technique. In-vitro results were revalidated in EAC solid tumor and CAM xenograft model. Solanidine exerts its potential effect in a target specific manner. The cytotoxic/anticlonogenic activity was due t...
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017
Thevetia peruviana is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of external wounds, infected area, ... more Thevetia peruviana is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of external wounds, infected area, ring worms, tumours etc. in traditional system of medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing potentials of T. peruviana leaves hexane (LH) and fruit rind (FW) water extracts and to prove the folkloric claims. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials could be important strategies in defining potent wound healing drug. Based on these approaches the current study was designed using incision, excision and dead space wound models with the biochemical, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory marker analysis. The fruit rind water extract showed highest WBS of 1133 ± 111.4 g. The extracts in excision model retrieved the excised wound i.e. complete healing of wound at day 14. The hydroxyproline content of FW and LH treated dry granuloma tissue was increased to 65.73 ± 3.2 mg/g and 53.66 ± 0.38 mg/g, accompanied by elevations of hexosamine and hexauronic acid with upregulation of GSH, catalase, SOD, peroxidase and the down regulation of the inflammatory marker (NO) and oxidative stress marker (LPO) in wet granulation tissue was documented. Conclusively, both the extracts showed enhanced WBS, rate of wound contraction, skin collagen tissue development, and early epithelisation. Therapeutic wound healing effect was further proven by reduced free radicals and inflammatory makers associated with enhanced antioxidants and connective tissue with histological evidence of more collagen formation. The present research could establish T. peruviana as potential source of effective wound healing drugs.
Hypoxia is an important module in all solid tumours to promote angiogenesis, invasion and metasta... more Hypoxia is an important module in all solid tumours to promote angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Stabilization and subsequent nuclear localization of HIF-1α subunits result in the activation of tumour promoting target genes such as VEGF, MMPs, Flt-1, Ang-1 etc. which plays a pivotal role in adaptation of tumour cells to hypoxia. Increased HIF-α and its nuclear translocation have been correlated with pronounced angiogenesis, aggressive tumour growth and poor patient prognosis leading to current interest in HIF-1α as an anticancer drug target. Benzophenone-1B ([4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl]-(4-methoxyphenyl) methanone, or BP-1B) is a new antineoplastic agent with potential angiopreventive effects. Current investigation reports the cellular biochemical modulation underlying BP-1B cytotoxic/antiangiogenic effects. Experimental evidences postulate that BP-1B exhibits the tumour specific cytotoxic actions against various cancer types with prolonged action. Moreover BP-1B efficiently counteracts endothelial cell capillary formation in in-vitro, in-vivo non-tumour and tumour angiogenic systems. Molecular signaling studies reveal that BP-1B arrests nuclear translocation of HIF-1α devoid of p42/44 pathway under CoCl induced hypoxic conditions in various cancer cells thereby leading to abrogated HIF-1α dependent activation of VEGF-A, Flt-1, MMP-2, MMP -9 and Ang-1 angiogenic factors resulting in retarded cell migration and invasions. The in-vitro results were reproducible in the reliable in-vivo solid tumour model. Taken together, we conclude that BP-1B impairs angiogenesis by blocking nuclear localization of HIF-1α which can be translated into a potent HIF-1α inhibitor.
ABSTRACT The genus Streptococcus has most diverse and important human pathogens causing infective... more ABSTRACT The genus Streptococcus has most diverse and important human pathogens causing infective endocardites (IE), rheumatic heart disease (RHD), meningitis, peritonitis etc. The present study employs synteny based comparative analysis of Mitis group of Streptococcus whose genomes are completed to yield an improved understanding of horizontally-transferred genes coding for pathogenic protein repeats. Comparison revealed the presence of proteins having pathogenic importance like ankyrin repeats (ANKs) within S. sanguinis. Later, the ankyrin repeats thus found were blasted for the search of orthologs. The ankyrin repeats were subjected to PositionSpecific Iterative Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (PSI-BLAST). The profile generated has clearly suggested the presence of ANKs in the bacteria which have attained pathogenicity and these are generally found to be air borne in nature. Thus, this study for the first time reports the presence of ANKs in S. sanguinis. Furthermore, the fine analysis of the ANKs using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) showed that the repeats are having leucine and alanine as well conserved residues in most of the resultant pathogens. The importance of these conserved residues specifically in the pathogens has to be further probed to establish the relationship between the conserved residues and pathogenicity.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: Solanum (L) is the most representative genus of Solanaceae, Solanum species are a rich... more Objective: Solanum (L) is the most representative genus of Solanaceae, Solanum species are a rich source of bioactive compounds which are known to possess a variety of biological activities. Solanum pubescens is a wild plant growing abundantly as weed in forest and the hills of SouthEastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh. This study purposed to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in different extracts of Solanum pubescens. Methods: Solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, were used to isolate the bioactive compounds from fruit and stem bark. Fluorescence analyses of the plant powder and of different successive extracts were carried out under normal light and UV light. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of fruit and stem bark has revealed that oils & fats, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, coumarins and phenolics are present in different extracts. Interestingly, alkaloids are present only in the ethanol extract. The quantitat...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Thevetia peruviana (S) (yellow oleander) is a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree that is in t... more Thevetia peruviana (S) (yellow oleander) is a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree that is in the Apocynaceae family as and closely related to Nerium oleander, is mainly known for its cardiac glycosides, which was traditionally used as antipyretic [10], as emetics, diuretics and tonics [12].In addition, its extensive use reported for antitumor therapy [11] and therefore it has important medicinal values. Objective: The present investigation deals with thorough phytochemical analysis of leaf and fruit rind of Thevetia peruviana (S). This study represents a first report of quantitative and qualitative determination of phytochemicals of T. peruviana (S). Methods: Plant leaves and fruit rind material extracted by using solvents of increasing polarity and the quantity of crude extracts obtained. The ethanol extract has shown highest percentage of yield in both the samples followed by water in fruit rind, than hexane and chloroform extracts. Furthermore, pilot solubility tests performed...
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a phloem-feeding, economicall... more The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a phloem-feeding, economically important pest of crops worldwide. In addition to direct damage, it also vectors a number of plant viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae. Its populations differ biologically with respect to insecticide resistance, virus transmission and host range. Therefore, understanding genetic variation among populations is important for management. We sequenced 850 bp of the mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) gene from B. tabaci populations surveyed across India. BLAST analysis of the mtCOI sequences generated in this study with sequences from the mtCOI dataset showed the presence of one invasive group, MEAM1, and eight other groups of B. tabaci in India. mtCOI sequence analyses showed
The current reach of genomics extends facilitated identification of microbial virulence factors, ... more The current reach of genomics extends facilitated identification of microbial virulence factors, a primary objective for antimicrobial drug and vaccine design. Many putative proteins are yet to be identified which can act as potent drug targets. There is lack and limitation of methods which appropriately combine several omics ways for putative and new drug target identification. The study emphasizes a combined bioinformatic and theoretical method of screening unique and putative drug targets, lacking similarity with experimentally reported essential genes and drug targets. Synteny based comparison was carried out with 11 streptococci considering S. gordonii as reference genome. It revealed 534 non-homologous genes of which 334 were putative. Similarity search against host proteome, metabolic pathway annotation and subcellular localization predication identified 16 potent drug targets. This is a first attempt of several combinational approaches of similarity search with target protei...
Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 2014
Article Information At the time of infection, many of the gene products of completely sequenced o... more Article Information At the time of infection, many of the gene products of completely sequenced organisms yet remain 'hypothetical' meaning they remain unsimilar to any previously characterized and may disguise some true virulent factors. Domain scanning provides a means of understanding functional information in these cases, extending facilitated identification of their virulence factors, proceeding for antimicrobial drug and vaccine design. In developing countries, mortality rate due to Infective endocarditis is accelerating along with retardation in efficiency of pathogen specific drugs. We have re-annotated at domain level and predicted cellular localization of 200 unique and hypothetical proteins obtained by syntenic comparison of Streptococcus gordonii among other strains of similar species for similar infection. The study resulted into 200 unique and hypothetical proteins, of which, domains of 85 proteins are predictable, representing 15 with no similarity with human proteome. Later, 9 proteins with 8 domains predicted to be antimicrobial targets. Further, these can be experimentally validated for drug and vaccine target ability.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2014
The development of multi drug resistance in human and plant pathogens, reconsidering the traditio... more The development of multi drug resistance in human and plant pathogens, reconsidering the traditional medicines as antibacterial source and presence of promising phytochemicals in leaf and fruit rind of T. peruviana (S) (Nazneen et al., 2014) prompted the authors to take up the antibacterial evaluation of different extracts. Antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of various extracts of T. peruviana (S) were measured using methods of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) spectrophotometric determination of active extracts has found that the MICs of all the active extracts lies between the range of 250 μg to 1250 μg and bactericidal concentration in a range of 500 to 1250 μg. The percentage of inhibition was analysed, where in among all the extracts tested against B. subtilis and E. coli, fruit upper liquid (...
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
The pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involves both genetic and environme... more The pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involves both genetic and environmental factors. Previously, we have carried out gene and protein expression profiling of ESCC using DNA microarrays and mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, respectively. These studies resulted in identification of several potential biomarkers of ESCC, some with known reports of differential expression in the scientific literature and others that were novel observations from our studies. We report systematic validation of selected markers from our studies on a larger cohort of cancer tissue sections by immunohistochemical labeling of tissue microarrays. We have validated expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), inhibin beta A (INHBA) and four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1). Immunohistochemical labeling with anti-stanniocalcin 2 antibody demonstrated its overexpression in 132/140 (94%) cases, IGFBP7 showed overexpression in 12...
To evaluate anxiolytic effect of stem bark ethanol and chloroform extracts of Erythrina mysorensi... more To evaluate anxiolytic effect of stem bark ethanol and chloroform extracts of Erythrina mysorensis in mice. The anxiolytic activity was examined by using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT), and motor coordination by rotarod test (RRT). Twenty four Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1 received vehicle (normal saline); group 2 received diazepam (1 mg/kg); groups 3 and 4 received ethanolic and chloroform extract of Erythrina mysorensis, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Mice treated with diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) increase ini the percentage of open arms entries and time spent whereas, in closed arm the number of entries and time spent were significantly (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) decreased. Oral administration of chloroform and ethanol extract of E. mysorensis exhibited significant (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) increase in the number of open arm entries and time spent with significant (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) reduction in number of entries and time spent in the closed arm as compared to group 1. Chloroform and ethanol extracts treated mice also produced significant increase in the number of rearings (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), assisted rearings and number of squares crossed (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Rotarod test showed significant (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) reduction in motor activity at 45 min with diazepam and E. mysorensis extracts (400 mg/kg) as compared to groups 3 and 1. Erythrina mysorensis possess significant anxiolytic activity in the mice. It can be a promising anxiolytic agent.
The housefly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genuine danger to human and creature w... more The housefly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genuine danger to human and creature wellbeing. Houseflies are vectors of in excess of 100 human and creature intestinal maladies. They are fit for communicating parasites that cause illnesses, for example, typhoid fever, cholera, bacillary looseness of the bowels, juvenile the runs, tuberculosis, plague, sickness, yaws, samonellosis, trachoma, and Bacillus anthracis. Creature wellbeing concerns incorporate the transmission of pinkeye. If we want to quell this insect pest the humans using insecticides and repellents but due to chronic use of these chemical compounds will create insecticide resistance in these domestic insect pests. There are numerous proteins/enzymes responsible for degradation of the chemicals used to get rid of these pests, but due to the action of some of the proteins/enzymes namely Ache gene(considering in the current study) will be rigorously involved in degradation of chemical compounds results in expr...
Validation of the ethnotherapeutic claim of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. was investigated to eval... more Validation of the ethnotherapeutic claim of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. was investigated to evaluate its wound-healing potency in experimental rats. For topical application, 4% (w/w) ointment cream bases of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts were prepared and assessed for their effect on excision, incision and dead space wound models. Significant wound healing was observed in animals treated with chloroform and ethanol extracts, similar to the reference standard drug Nitrofurazone. It was evaluated by increased area of epithelialization, followed by an increase in wound contraction, skin breaking strength and tissue granulation dry weight. Histopathological studies of the granulation tissue also indicated that there was an increase in collagen formation in those rats treated with chloroform and ethanol extract compared to the control and petroleum ether extract treated animals. The chloroform and ethanol extract showed significant (P < 0.01) results compared with t...
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
3 ABSTRACT: Tomato cultivar Arkavikas were transformed with Ace-AMP1 gene, regenerated plants wer... more 3 ABSTRACT: Tomato cultivar Arkavikas were transformed with Ace-AMP1 gene, regenerated plants were screened for the presence of gene and T1 transgenic leaves were used for detached leaf bioassay evaluations. Three different stages of transgenic tomato leaves were evaluated for resistance to early blight caused by the fungus Alternariasolani. Evaluations were conducted in three replications in growth chambers using detached leaves under controlled conditions. Leaf samples were plated on sterile blotting paper with 3 mm fungal plug along with respective control. Percentage of lesion diameter were calculated and compared with control for disease resistances. Forty day old leaf developed chlorotic lesions in 3 days and were more susceptible to disease when compared to 60 and 90 day old leaves and the correct age for detached leaf bioassay evaluation is 90 day old leaf. Transgenic line 10-7 was highly resistant towards Alternariasolani and moderate levels of resistance were observed in 7...
Insecticides are playing as pivotal role in agriculture worldwide towards protecting the crops fr... more Insecticides are playing as pivotal role in agriculture worldwide towards protecting the crops from insect pests, their efficacy has been limited by the development of resistance in many major pests, including some that became pests only as a result of chronic and unscientific insecticide practice. Insecticide resistance is both an interesting example of the adaptability of insect pests, and also in the design of resistance management programmes. Resistance may be demarcated as ‘a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the labeled recommendation for that pest species. This current study throws a light in understanding the mechanism of Insecticide resistance by considering 2 lepidopteran insect pests namely-Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella treated with organophosphate chemical, Dichlorvos collected from Dodaballapura of Bangalore rural district. Th...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Orchids are widely used the economically important ornamental plant. Conventionally, t... more Objective: Orchids are widely used the economically important ornamental plant. Conventionally, they were also used for the treatment of several diseases. In the present study, five species of medicinal Orchids from South India were selected to evaluate their antioxidant potential.Methods: The selected species were extracted by Soxhlet method using 70% ethanol. The extracts obtained were analyzed for various quantitative and antioxidant assays followed by correlation analysis in between quantitative and antioxidant activity.Results: Antioxidant data revealed that among the extracts of five orchids, Coelogyne breviscapa was proved to be superior in terms of antioxidant activities, followed by Aerides maculosum, Dendrobium macrostachyum, Pholidota pallida, and Vanda testacea. Correlation analysis was performed, and the results proved simple positive correlation and highest average value of “r” (correlation coefficient) for antioxidant activities with quantitative were the total antiox...
Aim Deformity in the cellular homeostatic event associated with cell survival and apoptosis are c... more Aim Deformity in the cellular homeostatic event associated with cell survival and apoptosis are committing factors for carcinogenesis. Interventions of these events by pharmacologically active agent gain predominance in cancer treatment. In current investigation Solanidine, a steroidal alkaloid was evaluated on tumorigenesis by targeting death signal using multiple tumor cells and model systems. Anti-proliferative effect was evaluated using cytotoxic studies. Prolonged cytotoxic effect of Solanidine was examined by colony formation assay. Exhibition of apoptotic hallmark induced by Solanidine was examined using FACS analysis, Annexin-V staining, Acridine orange staining, TUNEL assay. Altered gene expression was evaluated using Immunoblot, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry technique. In-vitro results were revalidated in EAC solid tumor and CAM xenograft model. Solanidine exerts its potential effect in a target specific manner. The cytotoxic/anticlonogenic activity was due t...
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017
Thevetia peruviana is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of external wounds, infected area, ... more Thevetia peruviana is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of external wounds, infected area, ring worms, tumours etc. in traditional system of medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing potentials of T. peruviana leaves hexane (LH) and fruit rind (FW) water extracts and to prove the folkloric claims. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials could be important strategies in defining potent wound healing drug. Based on these approaches the current study was designed using incision, excision and dead space wound models with the biochemical, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory marker analysis. The fruit rind water extract showed highest WBS of 1133 ± 111.4 g. The extracts in excision model retrieved the excised wound i.e. complete healing of wound at day 14. The hydroxyproline content of FW and LH treated dry granuloma tissue was increased to 65.73 ± 3.2 mg/g and 53.66 ± 0.38 mg/g, accompanied by elevations of hexosamine and hexauronic acid with upregulation of GSH, catalase, SOD, peroxidase and the down regulation of the inflammatory marker (NO) and oxidative stress marker (LPO) in wet granulation tissue was documented. Conclusively, both the extracts showed enhanced WBS, rate of wound contraction, skin collagen tissue development, and early epithelisation. Therapeutic wound healing effect was further proven by reduced free radicals and inflammatory makers associated with enhanced antioxidants and connective tissue with histological evidence of more collagen formation. The present research could establish T. peruviana as potential source of effective wound healing drugs.
Hypoxia is an important module in all solid tumours to promote angiogenesis, invasion and metasta... more Hypoxia is an important module in all solid tumours to promote angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Stabilization and subsequent nuclear localization of HIF-1α subunits result in the activation of tumour promoting target genes such as VEGF, MMPs, Flt-1, Ang-1 etc. which plays a pivotal role in adaptation of tumour cells to hypoxia. Increased HIF-α and its nuclear translocation have been correlated with pronounced angiogenesis, aggressive tumour growth and poor patient prognosis leading to current interest in HIF-1α as an anticancer drug target. Benzophenone-1B ([4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl]-(4-methoxyphenyl) methanone, or BP-1B) is a new antineoplastic agent with potential angiopreventive effects. Current investigation reports the cellular biochemical modulation underlying BP-1B cytotoxic/antiangiogenic effects. Experimental evidences postulate that BP-1B exhibits the tumour specific cytotoxic actions against various cancer types with prolonged action. Moreover BP-1B efficiently counteracts endothelial cell capillary formation in in-vitro, in-vivo non-tumour and tumour angiogenic systems. Molecular signaling studies reveal that BP-1B arrests nuclear translocation of HIF-1α devoid of p42/44 pathway under CoCl induced hypoxic conditions in various cancer cells thereby leading to abrogated HIF-1α dependent activation of VEGF-A, Flt-1, MMP-2, MMP -9 and Ang-1 angiogenic factors resulting in retarded cell migration and invasions. The in-vitro results were reproducible in the reliable in-vivo solid tumour model. Taken together, we conclude that BP-1B impairs angiogenesis by blocking nuclear localization of HIF-1α which can be translated into a potent HIF-1α inhibitor.
ABSTRACT The genus Streptococcus has most diverse and important human pathogens causing infective... more ABSTRACT The genus Streptococcus has most diverse and important human pathogens causing infective endocardites (IE), rheumatic heart disease (RHD), meningitis, peritonitis etc. The present study employs synteny based comparative analysis of Mitis group of Streptococcus whose genomes are completed to yield an improved understanding of horizontally-transferred genes coding for pathogenic protein repeats. Comparison revealed the presence of proteins having pathogenic importance like ankyrin repeats (ANKs) within S. sanguinis. Later, the ankyrin repeats thus found were blasted for the search of orthologs. The ankyrin repeats were subjected to PositionSpecific Iterative Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (PSI-BLAST). The profile generated has clearly suggested the presence of ANKs in the bacteria which have attained pathogenicity and these are generally found to be air borne in nature. Thus, this study for the first time reports the presence of ANKs in S. sanguinis. Furthermore, the fine analysis of the ANKs using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) showed that the repeats are having leucine and alanine as well conserved residues in most of the resultant pathogens. The importance of these conserved residues specifically in the pathogens has to be further probed to establish the relationship between the conserved residues and pathogenicity.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: Solanum (L) is the most representative genus of Solanaceae, Solanum species are a rich... more Objective: Solanum (L) is the most representative genus of Solanaceae, Solanum species are a rich source of bioactive compounds which are known to possess a variety of biological activities. Solanum pubescens is a wild plant growing abundantly as weed in forest and the hills of SouthEastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh. This study purposed to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in different extracts of Solanum pubescens. Methods: Solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, were used to isolate the bioactive compounds from fruit and stem bark. Fluorescence analyses of the plant powder and of different successive extracts were carried out under normal light and UV light. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of fruit and stem bark has revealed that oils & fats, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, coumarins and phenolics are present in different extracts. Interestingly, alkaloids are present only in the ethanol extract. The quantitat...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Thevetia peruviana (S) (yellow oleander) is a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree that is in t... more Thevetia peruviana (S) (yellow oleander) is a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree that is in the Apocynaceae family as and closely related to Nerium oleander, is mainly known for its cardiac glycosides, which was traditionally used as antipyretic [10], as emetics, diuretics and tonics [12].In addition, its extensive use reported for antitumor therapy [11] and therefore it has important medicinal values. Objective: The present investigation deals with thorough phytochemical analysis of leaf and fruit rind of Thevetia peruviana (S). This study represents a first report of quantitative and qualitative determination of phytochemicals of T. peruviana (S). Methods: Plant leaves and fruit rind material extracted by using solvents of increasing polarity and the quantity of crude extracts obtained. The ethanol extract has shown highest percentage of yield in both the samples followed by water in fruit rind, than hexane and chloroform extracts. Furthermore, pilot solubility tests performed...
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a phloem-feeding, economicall... more The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a phloem-feeding, economically important pest of crops worldwide. In addition to direct damage, it also vectors a number of plant viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae. Its populations differ biologically with respect to insecticide resistance, virus transmission and host range. Therefore, understanding genetic variation among populations is important for management. We sequenced 850 bp of the mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) gene from B. tabaci populations surveyed across India. BLAST analysis of the mtCOI sequences generated in this study with sequences from the mtCOI dataset showed the presence of one invasive group, MEAM1, and eight other groups of B. tabaci in India. mtCOI sequence analyses showed
The current reach of genomics extends facilitated identification of microbial virulence factors, ... more The current reach of genomics extends facilitated identification of microbial virulence factors, a primary objective for antimicrobial drug and vaccine design. Many putative proteins are yet to be identified which can act as potent drug targets. There is lack and limitation of methods which appropriately combine several omics ways for putative and new drug target identification. The study emphasizes a combined bioinformatic and theoretical method of screening unique and putative drug targets, lacking similarity with experimentally reported essential genes and drug targets. Synteny based comparison was carried out with 11 streptococci considering S. gordonii as reference genome. It revealed 534 non-homologous genes of which 334 were putative. Similarity search against host proteome, metabolic pathway annotation and subcellular localization predication identified 16 potent drug targets. This is a first attempt of several combinational approaches of similarity search with target protei...
Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 2014
Article Information At the time of infection, many of the gene products of completely sequenced o... more Article Information At the time of infection, many of the gene products of completely sequenced organisms yet remain 'hypothetical' meaning they remain unsimilar to any previously characterized and may disguise some true virulent factors. Domain scanning provides a means of understanding functional information in these cases, extending facilitated identification of their virulence factors, proceeding for antimicrobial drug and vaccine design. In developing countries, mortality rate due to Infective endocarditis is accelerating along with retardation in efficiency of pathogen specific drugs. We have re-annotated at domain level and predicted cellular localization of 200 unique and hypothetical proteins obtained by syntenic comparison of Streptococcus gordonii among other strains of similar species for similar infection. The study resulted into 200 unique and hypothetical proteins, of which, domains of 85 proteins are predictable, representing 15 with no similarity with human proteome. Later, 9 proteins with 8 domains predicted to be antimicrobial targets. Further, these can be experimentally validated for drug and vaccine target ability.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2014
The development of multi drug resistance in human and plant pathogens, reconsidering the traditio... more The development of multi drug resistance in human and plant pathogens, reconsidering the traditional medicines as antibacterial source and presence of promising phytochemicals in leaf and fruit rind of T. peruviana (S) (Nazneen et al., 2014) prompted the authors to take up the antibacterial evaluation of different extracts. Antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of various extracts of T. peruviana (S) were measured using methods of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) spectrophotometric determination of active extracts has found that the MICs of all the active extracts lies between the range of 250 μg to 1250 μg and bactericidal concentration in a range of 500 to 1250 μg. The percentage of inhibition was analysed, where in among all the extracts tested against B. subtilis and E. coli, fruit upper liquid (...
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
The pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involves both genetic and environme... more The pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involves both genetic and environmental factors. Previously, we have carried out gene and protein expression profiling of ESCC using DNA microarrays and mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, respectively. These studies resulted in identification of several potential biomarkers of ESCC, some with known reports of differential expression in the scientific literature and others that were novel observations from our studies. We report systematic validation of selected markers from our studies on a larger cohort of cancer tissue sections by immunohistochemical labeling of tissue microarrays. We have validated expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), inhibin beta A (INHBA) and four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1). Immunohistochemical labeling with anti-stanniocalcin 2 antibody demonstrated its overexpression in 132/140 (94%) cases, IGFBP7 showed overexpression in 12...
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Papers by Riaz Mahmood