Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of... more Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of global climate change. To date, there seems to be a strong consensus among scientists about continuing and remarkable changes in the global climate over the past 150 years. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007), the global average surface temperature has increased by almost 1°C in the past 100 years. In general, climatologists and other experts agree that this global warming is partially attributable to the combustion of fossil fuels by humans. Other physical evidence pointing in the direction of global climate change is the global average sea level, which rose by approximately 17 cm during the 20th century. Thermal expansion of sea water and loss of land ice are the main causes of this effect. The IPCC (2007) further predicts that global warming will continue owing to ever-increasing human energy consumption and economic growth. Global average surface temperature will increase by another 2° to 4°C, and the sea level is projected to rise by another 20 to 60 cm during the 21st century.
Abstract: The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reach... more Abstract: The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reaching consequences for low-lying countries such as the Netherlands. Sensitivity to warnings about river flooding is crucial in order to deal with climate change risks adequately and to motivate people to cope with such risks. Our focus is on the role of prior experience with river floods on cognitive/affective responses to future flooding risks as well as residents intentions to cope with these risks. In a survey among 516 households living near the rivers Rhine and Meuse, households with different river flooding experiences were compared: being (a) flooded and evacuated, (b) flooded, (c) evacuated, (d), threatened, and (e) controls. As predicted, results showed that households with past flooding experience had higher threat appraisal and a stronger intention to protect one's property by using flood-defense devices (e.g., sandbags) in the future than did controls. Households that were flooded and evacuated also showed a stronger intention to evacuate furniture and self compared to controls and households that were flooded in the past. Structural equation modeling with multiple groups was used to predict the intention to take different risk coping strategies from cognitive risk evaluations and negative affect. Consistent with Protection Motivation Theory, path analyses showed that the simultaneous effects of threat and coping appraisal predicted the different coping strategies across groups. Importantly, the affective/cognitive model of persuasion explained less variance in the different coping strategies for residents with disaster experience compared to controls. It is suggested that a differential approach in persuasive risk communication should be developed for residents with disaster experience.
Delta areas are threatened by global climate change. The general aims of our research were (1) to... more Delta areas are threatened by global climate change. The general aims of our research were (1) to increase our understanding of climate and flood risk perceptions and the factors that influence these judgments, and (2) to seek for interventions that can contribute to a ...
Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf ... more Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Based on the assumption that facial mimicry is a key factor in emotional empathy, and clinical ob... more Based on the assumption that facial mimicry is a key factor in emotional empathy, and clinical observations that children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are weak empathizers, the present study explored whether DBD boys are less facially responsive to facial expressions of emotions than normal controls. Facial electromyographic (EMG) activity in the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscle regions, and heart rate activity were studied in 22 clinically referred 8-12-year-old DBD boys and 22 age-matched normal controls during exposure to dynamic happy and angry expressions. Dispositional emotional empathy was assessed by a self-report questionnaire for children. The happy and angry facial expressions evoked distinct facial EMG response patterns, with increased zygomaticus muscle activity to happy expressions and increased corrugator muscle activity to angry expressions. The corrugator (but not the zygomaticus) muscle response pattern was less pronounced for DBD boys than the normal controls. Attending to the emotional expressions was associated with equivalent cardiac deceleration in both groups, reflecting a similar orienting/attention response. Lower empathy scores were obtained for DBD boys than for normal controls. In conclusion, facial mimicry responses to angry facial expressions were subnormal in DBD boys, which may be a sign of a deficient early component in the process of emotional empathy, and thus play a role in impaired empathic responding.
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of t... more DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, wh... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this paper sustainable consumption is conceptualized as the result of various types of interac... more In this paper sustainable consumption is conceptualized as the result of various types of interactions between users and systems. We review attempts to promote sustainable behavior and discuss contributions by using persuasive technology. In particular, we focus on the appraisal of climate risks and interactive approaches to influence energy consumption in households.
The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reaching conseq... more The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reaching consequences for low-lying countries such as the Netherlands. Sensitivity to warnings is crucial in order to deal with climate change risks adequately and to motivate people to cope with these risks. Our focus is on the role of prior experience with floods on the processing of warnings. In a survey among 516 households living near the rivers Rhine and Meuse, households with different flooding experiences were compared: being (a) flooded and evacuated, (b) flooded, (c) evacuated, (d), threatened, and (e) controls. Structural equation modeling with multiple groups was used to predict different coping strategies, such as property protection and evacuation, from cognitive risk evaluations and affect. Consistent with Protection Motivation Theory, path analyses showed that the simultaneous effects of threat and coping appraisal were indispensable predictors of the different coping strategies across groups. Importantly, the affective/cognitive model of persuasion explained less variance in the different coping strategies for residents with disaster experience compared to controls. A differential approach in persuasive risk communication should be developed for residents with disaster experience.
Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, ... more Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, rather low. Our research objective was to investigate whether coping responses to flooding risks could be enhanced in a virtual environment (VE). A laboratory experiment was conducted in which participants were exposed to a simulated dike breach and consequent flooding of their virtual residence. We tested the hypothesis that an interactive 3D flood simulation facilitates coping responses compared to noninteractive film and slide simulations. Our results showed that information search, the motivation to evacuate, and the motivation to buy flood insurance increased after exposure to the 3D flood simulation compared to the film and slide simulations. Mediation analyses revealed that some of these presentation mode effects were mediated by a greater sense of being present in the VE. Implications to use high-end flood simulations in a VE to communicate real-world flooding risks and coping responses to threatened residents will be discussed.
This study investigates the processes that mediate the effects of framing flood risks on people&#... more This study investigates the processes that mediate the effects of framing flood risks on people's information needs. Insight into the effects of risk frames is important for developing balanced risk communication that explains both risks and benefits of living near water. The research was inspired by the risk information seeking and processing model and related models. In a web‐based survey, respondents (n = 1,457) were randomly assigned to one of three communication frames or a control frame (experimental conditions). Each frame identically explained flood risk and additionally refined the message by emphasizing climate change, the quality of flood risk management, or the amenities of living near water. We tested the extent to which risk perceptions, trust, and affective responses mediate the framing effects on information need. As expected, the frames on average resulted in higher information need than the control frame. Attempts to lower fear appeal by stressing safety or ame...
and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study pu... more and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of... more Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of global climate change. To date, there seems to be a strong consensus among scientists about continuing and remarkable changes in the global climate over the past 150 years. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007), the global average surface temperature has increased by almost 1°C in the past 100 years. In general, climatologists and other experts agree that this global warming is partially attributable to the combustion of fossil fuels by humans. Other physical evidence pointing in the direction of global climate change is the global average sea level, which rose by approximately 17 cm during the 20th century. Thermal expansion of sea water and loss of land ice are the main causes of this effect. The IPCC (2007) further predicts that global warming will continue owing to ever-increasing human energy consumption and economic growth. Global average surface t...
This study explores relationships between export performance and international business competenc... more This study explores relationships between export performance and international business competencies (international orientation, export market orientation and international entrepreneurial orientation), and interactions between the competencies. Data from on‐site structured interviews with 159 owners and managers of exporting firms from different economic sectors show direct relationships between the competencies and export performance. However, analyses of the effects of interactions between the competencies and export performance show mixed results. The findings suggest developing the identified competencies to increase export performance, but if this would be exclusively based on the direct relationships between the competencies and export performance, results may be suboptimal.
Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of... more Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of global climate change. To date, there seems to be a strong consensus among scientists about continuing and remarkable changes in the global climate over the past 150 years. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007), the global average surface temperature has increased by almost 1°C in the past 100 years. In general, climatologists and other experts agree that this global warming is partially attributable to the combustion of fossil fuels by humans. Other physical evidence pointing in the direction of global climate change is the global average sea level, which rose by approximately 17 cm during the 20th century. Thermal expansion of sea water and loss of land ice are the main causes of this effect. The IPCC (2007) further predicts that global warming will continue owing to ever-increasing human energy consumption and economic growth. Global average surface temperature will increase by another 2° to 4°C, and the sea level is projected to rise by another 20 to 60 cm during the 21st century.
Abstract: The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reach... more Abstract: The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reaching consequences for low-lying countries such as the Netherlands. Sensitivity to warnings about river flooding is crucial in order to deal with climate change risks adequately and to motivate people to cope with such risks. Our focus is on the role of prior experience with river floods on cognitive/affective responses to future flooding risks as well as residents intentions to cope with these risks. In a survey among 516 households living near the rivers Rhine and Meuse, households with different river flooding experiences were compared: being (a) flooded and evacuated, (b) flooded, (c) evacuated, (d), threatened, and (e) controls. As predicted, results showed that households with past flooding experience had higher threat appraisal and a stronger intention to protect one's property by using flood-defense devices (e.g., sandbags) in the future than did controls. Households that were flooded and evacuated also showed a stronger intention to evacuate furniture and self compared to controls and households that were flooded in the past. Structural equation modeling with multiple groups was used to predict the intention to take different risk coping strategies from cognitive risk evaluations and negative affect. Consistent with Protection Motivation Theory, path analyses showed that the simultaneous effects of threat and coping appraisal predicted the different coping strategies across groups. Importantly, the affective/cognitive model of persuasion explained less variance in the different coping strategies for residents with disaster experience compared to controls. It is suggested that a differential approach in persuasive risk communication should be developed for residents with disaster experience.
Delta areas are threatened by global climate change. The general aims of our research were (1) to... more Delta areas are threatened by global climate change. The general aims of our research were (1) to increase our understanding of climate and flood risk perceptions and the factors that influence these judgments, and (2) to seek for interventions that can contribute to a ...
Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf ... more Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Based on the assumption that facial mimicry is a key factor in emotional empathy, and clinical ob... more Based on the assumption that facial mimicry is a key factor in emotional empathy, and clinical observations that children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are weak empathizers, the present study explored whether DBD boys are less facially responsive to facial expressions of emotions than normal controls. Facial electromyographic (EMG) activity in the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscle regions, and heart rate activity were studied in 22 clinically referred 8-12-year-old DBD boys and 22 age-matched normal controls during exposure to dynamic happy and angry expressions. Dispositional emotional empathy was assessed by a self-report questionnaire for children. The happy and angry facial expressions evoked distinct facial EMG response patterns, with increased zygomaticus muscle activity to happy expressions and increased corrugator muscle activity to angry expressions. The corrugator (but not the zygomaticus) muscle response pattern was less pronounced for DBD boys than the normal controls. Attending to the emotional expressions was associated with equivalent cardiac deceleration in both groups, reflecting a similar orienting/attention response. Lower empathy scores were obtained for DBD boys than for normal controls. In conclusion, facial mimicry responses to angry facial expressions were subnormal in DBD boys, which may be a sign of a deficient early component in the process of emotional empathy, and thus play a role in impaired empathic responding.
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of t... more DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, wh... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this paper sustainable consumption is conceptualized as the result of various types of interac... more In this paper sustainable consumption is conceptualized as the result of various types of interactions between users and systems. We review attempts to promote sustainable behavior and discuss contributions by using persuasive technology. In particular, we focus on the appraisal of climate risks and interactive approaches to influence energy consumption in households.
The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reaching conseq... more The earth's climate has changed rapidly in recent decades. This will have far-reaching consequences for low-lying countries such as the Netherlands. Sensitivity to warnings is crucial in order to deal with climate change risks adequately and to motivate people to cope with these risks. Our focus is on the role of prior experience with floods on the processing of warnings. In a survey among 516 households living near the rivers Rhine and Meuse, households with different flooding experiences were compared: being (a) flooded and evacuated, (b) flooded, (c) evacuated, (d), threatened, and (e) controls. Structural equation modeling with multiple groups was used to predict different coping strategies, such as property protection and evacuation, from cognitive risk evaluations and affect. Consistent with Protection Motivation Theory, path analyses showed that the simultaneous effects of threat and coping appraisal were indispensable predictors of the different coping strategies across groups. Importantly, the affective/cognitive model of persuasion explained less variance in the different coping strategies for residents with disaster experience compared to controls. A differential approach in persuasive risk communication should be developed for residents with disaster experience.
Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, ... more Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, rather low. Our research objective was to investigate whether coping responses to flooding risks could be enhanced in a virtual environment (VE). A laboratory experiment was conducted in which participants were exposed to a simulated dike breach and consequent flooding of their virtual residence. We tested the hypothesis that an interactive 3D flood simulation facilitates coping responses compared to noninteractive film and slide simulations. Our results showed that information search, the motivation to evacuate, and the motivation to buy flood insurance increased after exposure to the 3D flood simulation compared to the film and slide simulations. Mediation analyses revealed that some of these presentation mode effects were mediated by a greater sense of being present in the VE. Implications to use high-end flood simulations in a VE to communicate real-world flooding risks and coping responses to threatened residents will be discussed.
This study investigates the processes that mediate the effects of framing flood risks on people&#... more This study investigates the processes that mediate the effects of framing flood risks on people's information needs. Insight into the effects of risk frames is important for developing balanced risk communication that explains both risks and benefits of living near water. The research was inspired by the risk information seeking and processing model and related models. In a web‐based survey, respondents (n = 1,457) were randomly assigned to one of three communication frames or a control frame (experimental conditions). Each frame identically explained flood risk and additionally refined the message by emphasizing climate change, the quality of flood risk management, or the amenities of living near water. We tested the extent to which risk perceptions, trust, and affective responses mediate the framing effects on information need. As expected, the frames on average resulted in higher information need than the control frame. Attempts to lower fear appeal by stressing safety or ame...
and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study pu... more and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of... more Since the early 1970s scientists have been debating heatedly about the causes and consequences of global climate change. To date, there seems to be a strong consensus among scientists about continuing and remarkable changes in the global climate over the past 150 years. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007), the global average surface temperature has increased by almost 1°C in the past 100 years. In general, climatologists and other experts agree that this global warming is partially attributable to the combustion of fossil fuels by humans. Other physical evidence pointing in the direction of global climate change is the global average sea level, which rose by approximately 17 cm during the 20th century. Thermal expansion of sea water and loss of land ice are the main causes of this effect. The IPCC (2007) further predicts that global warming will continue owing to ever-increasing human energy consumption and economic growth. Global average surface t...
This study explores relationships between export performance and international business competenc... more This study explores relationships between export performance and international business competencies (international orientation, export market orientation and international entrepreneurial orientation), and interactions between the competencies. Data from on‐site structured interviews with 159 owners and managers of exporting firms from different economic sectors show direct relationships between the competencies and export performance. However, analyses of the effects of interactions between the competencies and export performance show mixed results. The findings suggest developing the identified competencies to increase export performance, but if this would be exclusively based on the direct relationships between the competencies and export performance, results may be suboptimal.
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