Papers by SHAMS UR REHMAN
International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences, Jun 1, 2017
Gravity and time are necessarily related to each other. Gravity affects the measurement of time. ... more Gravity and time are necessarily related to each other. Gravity affects the measurement of time. In contrast time too affects the measurement of gravity. Our imagination about the gravity is like this much, that the gravitational constant G is a constant character. That is not quite right. Gravitational constant G is a relative character by all accounts. As we know that the measurement of time is affected both by motion (special relativity) as well as by gravity too (general relativity). Now the question may arise. Whether the measurement of gravity may also is affected by time? The answer is yes. Gravity too is affected by time (motion)as well. Gravity is the function of time.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
This study aims to examine the nexus between tourism, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions in Paki... more This study aims to examine the nexus between tourism, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions in Pakistan. We examined the asymmetric relationship between tourism, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions for the period 1991 to 2019. We applied NARDL technique, and Granger Causality to predict results. Moreover, we also employed ADF, PP unit root test, Zivot and Andrews test for structural breaks. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag is the most appropriate econometric estimator in the case if asymmetric association exists among the variables. The NARDL technique is capable to discover the dynamic association between economic growth, tourism, and CO 2 emissions. Our results confirmed the asymmetric nexus between tourism, GDP and CO 2 emissions in the context of Pakistan. The results reported that in the short run as well as long run positive and negative shocks of tourism and GDP affect CO 2 emissions. The outcomes also revealed unidirectional causality between tourism and CO 2 emission, while bi-directional causality between economic growth and CO 2 emissions. Likewise, a bi-directional causality has also been reported between tourism and economic growth. The results are very useful for the macro level policy makers in Pakistan, and hopefully will provide significant insight to the relevant stakeholders.
The Lancet
Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as ind... more Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. Findings In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.
Industria Textila
The study investigates the relationship between financial reporting quality and investment effici... more The study investigates the relationship between financial reporting quality and investment efficiency in Textile sector firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, due to the reason of being the highest-ranked sector with a maximum number of listed firms in Pakistan. We use financial reporting quality as an independent variable, investment efficiency as a dependent variable, and the firm’s annual cash, assets tangibility, and return on assets as control variables. We analyse 100 randomly selected firms for the period 2005 to 2019. The study applies various estimators, namely Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects to identify which model better predicts results. The results demonstrate that firm’s financial reporting quality and ROA have a positive significant effect on the investment efficiency of these selected firms in all three models, but Random Effects Model estimates better coefficients than the counterparts. While the firm’s annual cash predicts a positive insignifica...
Forests, 2021
Liriodendron hybrid (L. chinense × L. tulipifera), an essential medium-sized tree generally famou... more Liriodendron hybrid (L. chinense × L. tulipifera), an essential medium-sized tree generally famous for its timber, is also used as an ornamental and greenery tool in many places around the world. The Liriodendron hybrid (L. hybrid) tree goes through many hurdles to achieve its maximum strength and vigor, such as loss of habitat, vast genetic variation, and low seed setting rate. The establishment of an effective and well-organized somatic embryogenesis (S.E.) system could be used to overcome these obstacles, rather than the old-fashioned seed culture and organogenesis. This study is based on the impact of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and its role in the induction of S.E. on the callus of four genotypes of the L. hybrid. The optimal concentration of COS could enhance the momentum and effectiveness in S.E.’s mechanism, which further improves the growth rate of the L. hybrid tree’s plantlets. This study shows that COS has a prominent role in endogenous hormones like indole acetic aci...
Society and Politics of Jammu and Kashmir, 2020
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
One hundred and fifty varieties/lines were screened against wheat leaf rust. The natural environm... more One hundred and fifty varieties/lines were screened against wheat leaf rust. The natural environmental conditions of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad were favorable for the development of leaf rust disease of wheat. Out of 150lines/cultivars which were screened against brown/leaf rust, 29 lines/cultivars were immune, the resistance was showed by 57 varieties and remaining all was susceptible. Values of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all varieties were calculated. Also from the virulence and avirulence formula studied show that 57 varieties of leaf rust were avirulent and 49 varieties were virulent by leaf rust fungi, respectively. Environmental factors had great effect on the progress of leaf rusts diseases of wheat. Correlation between disease severity and environmental factors was also determined. Maximum varieties/lines showed comprehensible response to environmental factors. Four environmental factors (Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and ...
Earth Systems and Environment, 2021
Nepal is located on the southern slope of the Central Himalayas and has experienced frequent drou... more Nepal is located on the southern slope of the Central Himalayas and has experienced frequent droughts in the past. In this study, we used an ensemble of 13 biased corrected models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to assess the future drought conditions over Nepal under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585) using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at annual timescale. The monthly correlation between observed and CMIP6-simulated historical SPEI is 0.23 (p < 0.01), which indicates the CMIP6 model ensemble can simulate the drought characteristics over Nepal. In the future period (2020-2100), the duration and severity of droughts are projected to increase with higher emission scenarios, especially for SSP585. Our results indicate enhanced drought intensity under SSP126, whereas, under SSP245, the drought frequency will be slightly higher. The drought frequency is projected to increase in the early future (2020-2060), decreasing in the late future (2061-2100) under all SSP scenarios. The results further indicate more prolonged and severe droughts in the early future under SSP585 as compared to SSP126 and SSP245. The findings of the present study can help drought mitigation as well as long-term adaptation strategies over Nepal.
The Professional Medical Journal, 2018
Objective: To assess the radiological and functional outcome of external fixator inthe treatment ... more Objective: To assess the radiological and functional outcome of external fixator inthe treatment of intar-articular fractures of distal radius. Study design: Descriptive case series.Place and duration of study: Orthopaedic unit District Headquarter Hospital Temargarha LowerDir from March 2013 to March 2014. Material and methods: Twenty five patients of intra-articularfracture distal radius fulfilling the inclusion criteria were treated with AO external fixator byligamentotaxis. Preoperative and postoperative radiograph measurements were taken of radialinclination, radial tilt, and radial length, and fractures were classified according to the AO system.The fixator was removed after 6-8 week and functional assessment was done using Gartland andWerely point system at monthly interval for six months. Results: Eighteen male (72%) and 7(28%)females mean age 43.1 years with intra-articular distal radius fractures were treated with externalfixator. Preoperative mean radial inclination(10.5 ...
European Polymer Journal, 2020
Abstract Poly(β-amino ester)s (PβAE)s are considered as the most potent alternative to viral vect... more Abstract Poly(β-amino ester)s (PβAE)s are considered as the most potent alternative to viral vectors, which has been increasingly proposed for targeting gene delivery, because of their excellent transfection performance. The self-assembled nanoparticles formed from interaction with nucleic acids showed good biodegradable and hydrophilic nature, which make PβAE superior over other polycationic polymers. PβAEs exhibit different kinetic profiles and tunable charge density, which can be fabricated using a diverse library of building blocks and binding various conjugates to improve transfection efficiency. The rational designing of PβAE is a critical step to achieve various requirements of gene delivery, anticancer and antimicrobial drug delivery, and nanochaperones. This review presents a revised recapitulation of the synthesis protocols, formulation aspects, and biomedical applications of PβAEs. Within each of these titles, a critical analysis of the design principles and strategies along with examples, opportunities, and challenges are discussed.
International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, 2020
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the input parameters mostly used in surface and... more The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the input parameters mostly used in surface andunderground designs. A literature review revealed that most of the empirical equations between UCS and Schmidthammer rebound number (N) are not satisfactory because of the low coefficient of correlation. In most of the cases, asingle formula is used for all types of rocks. In this study, a relationship UCS with N, slake durability, moisture content,and specific gravity has been developed for a particular limestone and marble deposit. These equations help todetermine the strength of these deposits directly using N value and other properties. The UCS value increased withincreasing N value, specific gravity, and slake durability. While the UCS value decreased with increasing moisturecontent. A relation between slaking cycles and slake durability index is also developed. In this study, the slakedurability value decreased with increasing slaking cycles for both limestone and marble. The UCS s...
International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, 2020
Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan is highly vulnerable and hazard-prone area according to National Disas... more Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan is highly vulnerable and hazard-prone area according to National DisasterManagerment Authority, based on frequency of avalanches, landslides, glacier lake outburst floods, rockfall and flashfloods. These hazards have been quite frequent since 2010, potentially due to changing climatic conditions and uniquetectonic setting resulting in massive destruction, economic loss and human migration. In this study, geospatial techniques(GIS/RS) were used to identify landslide hazard with elements at risk. The resultant maps will be used for betterplanning and resilience of local communities. Landslide area has been marked based on field observations (GPS data).Risk category is ranked high, medium and low based on field observations, geological setting and historical landslidedata. There are six offshoots of MKT crossing parallel to each other along KKH from Chalt to Ahmadabad. Chalt fault iscrossing nearby the Mayoon landslide, which may affect the entire valley. Thi...
Volume V Issue I, 2020
Advertising appeals play an important role in the effectiveness of advertising to attract or gras... more Advertising appeals play an important role in the effectiveness of advertising to attract or grasp consumer buying intention. This study is based on the differential effect of advertising appeals on consumers buying intentions. The results of the study show that advertising appeals have strong impact on consumers buying intention. All the hypothesis of the study was positive and significant. The results of this study are helpful in decision making for the corporate sector to develop and effectively use the ideas of advertising appeals for the promotion of a particular brand
Applied Sciences, 2020
High Blood Pressure (BP) is a vital factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases worldwid... more High Blood Pressure (BP) is a vital factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. For more than a decade now, patients search for quality and easy-to-read Online Health Information (OHI) for symptoms, preventions, therapy and other medical conditions. In this paper, we evaluate the quality and readability of OHI about high BP. In order that the first 20 clicks of three top-rated search engines have been used to collect the pertinent data. Using the exclusion criteria, 25 unique websites are selected for evaluation. The quality of all included links is evaluated through DISCERN checklist, a questionnaire for assessing the quality of written information for a health problem. To enhance the reliability of evaluation, all links are separately assessed by two different groups—a group of Health Professional (HPs) and a group of Lay Subjects (LS). A readability test is performed using Flesch-Kincaid tool. Fleiss’ kappa has been calculated before considering average value ...
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2018
International Review of Management and Marketing, 2020
The purpose of this research study is to identify and analyze the methods for increasing the mark... more The purpose of this research study is to identify and analyze the methods for increasing the market share of the Pakistan Textile industry in the world. This paper discusses the macro economic factors responsible for advancement and development of the textile industry in leading textile producing countries. The approaches adopted in this study are: firstly, developing a set of key success factors by studying the market leaders in the world i.e., China, India and USA; secondly, problems are being identified in the Pakistan Textile industry by comparing those key success factors with the situations in Pakistan. The problems found in Pakistan textile are further investigated and verified through primary research based on qualitative data. Finally, a set of recommendations is developed for the solution of problems found in Pakistan textile industry to increase its market share in the world. This paper proposes suggestions for solving problems found in Pakistan textile industry. Proper implementation of the guidelines given in this study greatly improves the chances of the Pakistan textile industry realizing its full potentials and ultimately increases its world market share.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 3, 2017
Industrialization and urbanization have posed serious threats to the environment. Excessive relea... more Industrialization and urbanization have posed serious threats to the environment. Excessive release of heavy metals from industrial effluents and overuse of pesticides in modern agriculture are limiting crop production by polluting environment and deteriorating food quality. Sustaining food quality under heavy metals and pesticide stress is crucial to meet the increasing demands for food. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL), a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants. This review sums up the potential role of EBL in ameliorating heavy metals and pesticide toxicity in plants extensively. EBL application increases plant's overall growth, biomass accumulation and photosynthetic efficiency by the modulation of numerous biochemical and physiological processes under heavy metals and pesticide stress. In addition, EBL scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) by triggering the production of antioxidant enzymes such as...
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2016
This current study aimed to investigate the impact of religion on entrepreneurial intentions of t... more This current study aimed to investigate the impact of religion on entrepreneurial intentions of the final year business students in private higher educational institutes of Pakistan. Data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire; a total number of 290 responses were collected from the students studying in private higher educational institute. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed and data were analysed using SmartPLS version 2 software. The empirical results of the study reveal that, religion has a highly significant impact on Entrepreneurial Intention (beta=0.316 t=5.1125). Government should consult the Islamic scholars and religious leaders to consolidate an entrepreneurial model; this could help in promoting the entrepreneurship which will ultimately help in poverty alleviation.
Patients are the key stakeholders in health care providers and it is extremely important to incre... more Patients are the key stakeholders in health care providers and it is extremely important to increase their satisfaction level. Patient satisfaction is a subject of great interest to the health care providers and researchers alike. As there are a lot of factors related to health care providers that causes patient selection and rejection. Since competition has increased in recent years, this exerts more pressure on health care providers to render more improved service quality in addition to build trust and gain high reputation. Improved quality of service has now become an important aspect of patient satisfaction, building trust is now a crucial milestone and gaining high reputation is considered the key for any health care provider. In practice and theory it has been proven that service quality dimensions, trust and reputation is related to patient satisfaction. For this, we took 5Q model of the service quality combine with trust and reputation, and how it affects patient satisfaction is the main theme of the study. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate that how 5Q model of the service quality, trust and reputation can effect patient satisfaction in health care sectors, for this study we researched Umeå hospital. This research is focused towards exploring the perceptions of patients who consume or undertook Umeå hospital services. It also provides an effective model for health care organization in practice and the study also contribute to literature from educational point of view. Method: In this study hypothesis developed to investigate how 5Q model of the service quality, trust and reputation can effect patient satisfaction. For service quality 5Q model was used while several attributes were taken for trust and reputation to investigate the patient perception. Quantitative research strategy was adopted and convenience sampling technique was used to collect quantitative data from patients of Umeå hospital to get their satisfaction levels. Hypotheses were tested by using multiple regression analysis to the obtained data in SPSS. Findings: The study revealed interesting results for patient satisfaction regarding the 5Q model of the service quality, trust and reputation. Meanwhile 5Q model was used for service quality, which composes quality of object, quality of process, quality of infrastructure, quality of interaction and quality of atmosphere. Out of five dimensions, two gave positive effect and three gave no effect result by the patient for their satisfaction from the Umeå hospital. Trust gave no effect result, whereas reputation gave positive effect result by the patient for their satisfaction from the Umeå hospital. Implication/Contribution: The findings imply that 5Q model of the service quality is not the only factor that could lead to patient satisfaction in health care sectors but trust and reputation are also factors of great importance. Organizations need to improve every dimension of service quality, creating trust and achieve high reputation to gain high level of patient satisfaction. This study contributes to existing theories by confirming or adding value that have positive effect on patient satisfaction. 5Q model is a comprehensive model and it needs to be implemented in health care sector but with additional factors i.e. trust and reputation.
Journal of Business & Tourism, 2021
Sports marketing being a new and under researched area is highly dependent on mass media treatmen... more Sports marketing being a new and under researched area is highly dependent on mass media treatment. The purpose of this study is twofold: First to examine the impact of team identification on fans trust after the involvement of a player in a negative incident, and second to examine the impact of media (fans’ perceived content informativeness, content credibility and source credibility of TV cricket talk shows) on this relationship. Data is collected via convenience sampling from a total of 399 respondents belonging to three universities, local markets, and friends from Islamabad and Rawal Pindi twin cities of Pakistan. Simple and moderated multiple regression analysis reveals that team identification positively affects fans’ trust after negative incident. Perceived source credibility, content credibility and informativeness of cricket talk shows on TV (mass media) moderates the relationship of team identification and fans’ trust after negative incident in such a way that the relatio...
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Papers by SHAMS UR REHMAN