In this work, an algorithm for grading Diabetic Macular edema is projected for diagnosing the sev... more In this work, an algorithm for grading Diabetic Macular edema is projected for diagnosing the severity of disease. One of the major contributions is that, the algorithm is invariant to the rotation of retinal image. The projected research work includes the segmentation of Optic disk, localization of Macula, segmentation of exudates and Grading of Diabetic Macular Edema into Severe, moderate and No disease. Rotation Invariance and Less time complexity make the work more efficient. The projected method is highly precise with high precision, recall and F-Measure values. A set of NPDR (Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy) database is used for the proposed algorithm.
A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed o... more A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed of two inverted E-shaped monopole elements having symmetrically configuration, and uses of dumbbell shaped slot structure between central positions of two elements to achieve low mutual coupling. It has covered wide frequency bandwidth from 8.47 GHz to 26.76 GHz with higher isolation (more than 22 dB). The overall dimension of this antenna is 35mm × 40mm × 1.6mm. This simulated antenna is realized on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4.The ECC (envelope correlation coefficient) and diversity gain are also studied and calculated which provide satisfactory results over the entire operating band for the application of X-band, Ku-band and K-band.
2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), Oct 7, 2021
The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 3... more The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 35.72 GHz. The antenna is lightweight and compact-sized with dimensions 17.237 mm × 25.88 mm × 0.5 mm and rectangular which can be suitable for the devices where space is a constraint like communication devices as well as mini base stations. This paper gives procedures, techniques, aids, or tools for designing of the 2X2 MIMO antenna for applications of 5G.
2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), 2021
The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 3... more The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 35.72 GHz. The antenna is lightweight and compact-sized with dimensions 17.237 mm × 25.88 mm × 0.5 mm and rectangular which can be suitable for the devices where space is a constraint like communication devices as well as mini base stations. This paper gives procedures, techniques, aids, or tools for designing of the 2X2 MIMO antenna for applications of 5G.
2018 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2018
A planar monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and dual-band notching is proposed. The present... more A planar monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and dual-band notching is proposed. The presented UWB monopole antenna is consisting of modified square patch loaded with inverted U-slot to reject WLAN frequencies in the range of 5.15–5.35 and 5.725–5.825 GHz. The ground surface of designed antenna is made up of two L-shaped and two C-shaped slots for achieving wide impedance bandwidth. The rejection of the WiMAX frequencies operating at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz is realized by extruding a C-shaped stub from the modified ground surface. The radiating square plane of the proposed structure is also loaded with six small symmetric shaped square slots for making antenna operable in the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth band. The antenna structure proposed operates from 2.3 GHz to 19.4 GHz band by creating additional resonance even at upper frequencies. The optimization of designed antenna is conducted using FEM based tool Ansys HFSS and found simulated outcomes in a decent match with measured.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2018
The proposed design of an antenna is a novel microstrip antenna array composed of metamaterial st... more The proposed design of an antenna is a novel microstrip antenna array composed of metamaterial structures, in the form of closed ring, and unit cell resonators developed on FR4 epoxy (Dielectric constant = 4.2) substrate, which will operate in the Ku band useful for satellite communication purposes. The use of unit cell resonators allows us to operate at wavelengths of 2 cm or 20 mm, which is much larger than the diameter of the outer circle, which is 7 mm of the unit cell structure. The feed is directly connected to the four of the left-handed metamaterial structures’ circular ring resonators. The solution frequency has been set at 15 Ghz for optimum performance. The proposed antenna has a gain of 5.67 dB and the return loss of −26.33 dBi with a bandwidth of 1.2 GHz from 15 to 16.2 GHz. The design and the properties of this particular antenna have been studied and performed using the HFSS software, and the results have been compared with vertical array antennas placed at the center and the right side of the substrate.
2018 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2018
A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed o... more A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed of two inverted E-shaped monopole elements having symmetrically configuration, and uses of dumbbell shaped slot structure between central positions of two elements to achieve low mutual coupling. It has covered wide frequency bandwidth from 8.47 GHz to 26.76 GHz with higher isolation (more than 22 dB). The overall dimension of this antenna is 35mm × 40mm × 1.6mm. This simulated antenna is realized on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4.The ECC (envelope correlation coefficient) and diversity gain are also studied and calculated which provide satisfactory results over the entire operating band for the application of X-band, Ku-band and K-band.
2016 1st India International Conference on Information Processing (IICIP), 2016
This paper explains the performance of voice over LTE system using different voice codec. LTE is ... more This paper explains the performance of voice over LTE system using different voice codec. LTE is the third generation partnership program 3GPP communication system which is wireless in nature and is also the first IP based system. VoLTE (Voice over LTE) is expected to be deployed in the near future for providing voice services. It's ability to reach high throughput is promising in both downlink and uplink so for ensuring that a good QoS is experienced by user, an efficient end-to-end model is required. There is also an increasing need for much higher data capacity as a result of smartphone industry growth. In this paper a 10×10 square kilometer campus is taken and by using OPNET modeler software different voice codec scenarios are simulated and their influences are seen on the LTE parameters like throughput, average jitter, end to end delay and MOS values which in turn helps to obtain an efficient voice service over the LTE system with little or no hitch.
2017 2nd International Conference on Telecommunication and Networks (TEL-NET), 2017
A tri-band circular patch microstrip antenna with different shapes in DGS is presented in this pa... more A tri-band circular patch microstrip antenna with different shapes in DGS is presented in this paper. The circular patch radiating microstrip antenna DGS techniques are combined. The proposed antenna consists of two inverted U shaped slots and a CPW feed with three distinct DGS shapes that are E-shaped, F-shaped and U-shaped. Due to these DGS, it enhances performance of the various parameters of circular patch microstrip antenna such as return loss (−38.15 dB), gain (6.32 dB), VSWR (<=2), and bandwidth (19%). This simulated antenna is useful for satellite communication, terrestrial microwave communication and radar communication especially speed detector for traffic police.
2015 International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), 2015
This paper gives the prototype of a microstrip antenna with an inset feed, at two different frequ... more This paper gives the prototype of a microstrip antenna with an inset feed, at two different frequencies of 2.2 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The bandwidth of these antennas has been enhanced, by introducing slots in it; and has been made suitable for WLAN applications. On successful simulation of the antennas, the values of directivity and gain were observed. Gain and Directivity for the antennas operating at 2.2 GHz was found to be 7.699 dB and 8.480 dBi. The value of Gain and Directivity for the antenna operating at 5.2 GHz (Without Slots) was found to be 6.187 dB and 5.199 dBi. On introduction of slots in this antenna, the values achieved were 6.452 dB and 12.94 dBi. The results are analyzed and discussed in terms of return loss, gain, directivity. The simulation of the antennas is done on CST Microwave Studio.
2016 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology (CICT), 2016
This paper proposes a novel geometry of a dual substrate Defected Microstrip structure antenna th... more This paper proposes a novel geometry of a dual substrate Defected Microstrip structure antenna that improves the performance of dual substrate Microstrip patch antenna. Proposed antenna is designed to operate at dual band 7.4GHz and 9.1GHz. For the desired result, array of 6×6 hexagonal Frequency Selective Surface is sandwiched between the two substrates. The ground plane is made Defective ground surface by cutting hexagonal slots on PEC ground plane. The patch was also made defective Microstrip structure by cutting two hexagonal slots on it of equal dimensions. The proposed structure is fed by an inset feed. This type of miniaturized antenna with improved performance is very useful in mobile and satellite applications.
2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2019
With the advancement of technology in society, there is a crucial need of a system for vehicles w... more With the advancement of technology in society, there is a crucial need of a system for vehicles which could bring revolution in the transportation department. A system with self-localization alert, smart communication system and is economically feasible to most of the living society. This will not only revolutionize the transportation department, but also Emergency alert services and healthcare organizations. In this paper, a brief study of Trilateration method of locating objects id done. Internet of thing is one of the emerging technologies that helps in object to object communication. Applications and various pros and cons of the technology are observed. Eventually, an automobile system is proposed that could help is saving many life of people. Combining trilateration and Internet of Things, in a cost effective way, could bring revolution in Automobile industry.
In this work, an algorithm for grading Diabetic Macular edema is projected for diagnosing the sev... more In this work, an algorithm for grading Diabetic Macular edema is projected for diagnosing the severity of disease. One of the major contributions is that, the algorithm is invariant to the rotation of retinal image. The projected research work includes the segmentation of Optic disk, localization of Macula, segmentation of exudates and Grading of Diabetic Macular Edema into Severe, moderate and No disease. Rotation Invariance and Less time complexity make the work more efficient. The projected method is highly precise with high precision, recall and F-Measure values. A set of NPDR (Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy) database is used for the proposed algorithm.
A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed o... more A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed of two inverted E-shaped monopole elements having symmetrically configuration, and uses of dumbbell shaped slot structure between central positions of two elements to achieve low mutual coupling. It has covered wide frequency bandwidth from 8.47 GHz to 26.76 GHz with higher isolation (more than 22 dB). The overall dimension of this antenna is 35mm × 40mm × 1.6mm. This simulated antenna is realized on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4.The ECC (envelope correlation coefficient) and diversity gain are also studied and calculated which provide satisfactory results over the entire operating band for the application of X-band, Ku-band and K-band.
2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), Oct 7, 2021
The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 3... more The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 35.72 GHz. The antenna is lightweight and compact-sized with dimensions 17.237 mm × 25.88 mm × 0.5 mm and rectangular which can be suitable for the devices where space is a constraint like communication devices as well as mini base stations. This paper gives procedures, techniques, aids, or tools for designing of the 2X2 MIMO antenna for applications of 5G.
2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), 2021
The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 3... more The Novel proposed antenna provides an excellent gain of 9.747 dBi at a resonating frequency of 35.72 GHz. The antenna is lightweight and compact-sized with dimensions 17.237 mm × 25.88 mm × 0.5 mm and rectangular which can be suitable for the devices where space is a constraint like communication devices as well as mini base stations. This paper gives procedures, techniques, aids, or tools for designing of the 2X2 MIMO antenna for applications of 5G.
2018 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2018
A planar monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and dual-band notching is proposed. The present... more A planar monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and dual-band notching is proposed. The presented UWB monopole antenna is consisting of modified square patch loaded with inverted U-slot to reject WLAN frequencies in the range of 5.15–5.35 and 5.725–5.825 GHz. The ground surface of designed antenna is made up of two L-shaped and two C-shaped slots for achieving wide impedance bandwidth. The rejection of the WiMAX frequencies operating at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz is realized by extruding a C-shaped stub from the modified ground surface. The radiating square plane of the proposed structure is also loaded with six small symmetric shaped square slots for making antenna operable in the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth band. The antenna structure proposed operates from 2.3 GHz to 19.4 GHz band by creating additional resonance even at upper frequencies. The optimization of designed antenna is conducted using FEM based tool Ansys HFSS and found simulated outcomes in a decent match with measured.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2018
The proposed design of an antenna is a novel microstrip antenna array composed of metamaterial st... more The proposed design of an antenna is a novel microstrip antenna array composed of metamaterial structures, in the form of closed ring, and unit cell resonators developed on FR4 epoxy (Dielectric constant = 4.2) substrate, which will operate in the Ku band useful for satellite communication purposes. The use of unit cell resonators allows us to operate at wavelengths of 2 cm or 20 mm, which is much larger than the diameter of the outer circle, which is 7 mm of the unit cell structure. The feed is directly connected to the four of the left-handed metamaterial structures’ circular ring resonators. The solution frequency has been set at 15 Ghz for optimum performance. The proposed antenna has a gain of 5.67 dB and the return loss of −26.33 dBi with a bandwidth of 1.2 GHz from 15 to 16.2 GHz. The design and the properties of this particular antenna have been studied and performed using the HFSS software, and the results have been compared with vertical array antennas placed at the center and the right side of the substrate.
2018 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2018
A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed o... more A two-element wideband MIMO antenna is presented in this letter. This wideband MIMO is composed of two inverted E-shaped monopole elements having symmetrically configuration, and uses of dumbbell shaped slot structure between central positions of two elements to achieve low mutual coupling. It has covered wide frequency bandwidth from 8.47 GHz to 26.76 GHz with higher isolation (more than 22 dB). The overall dimension of this antenna is 35mm × 40mm × 1.6mm. This simulated antenna is realized on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4.The ECC (envelope correlation coefficient) and diversity gain are also studied and calculated which provide satisfactory results over the entire operating band for the application of X-band, Ku-band and K-band.
2016 1st India International Conference on Information Processing (IICIP), 2016
This paper explains the performance of voice over LTE system using different voice codec. LTE is ... more This paper explains the performance of voice over LTE system using different voice codec. LTE is the third generation partnership program 3GPP communication system which is wireless in nature and is also the first IP based system. VoLTE (Voice over LTE) is expected to be deployed in the near future for providing voice services. It's ability to reach high throughput is promising in both downlink and uplink so for ensuring that a good QoS is experienced by user, an efficient end-to-end model is required. There is also an increasing need for much higher data capacity as a result of smartphone industry growth. In this paper a 10×10 square kilometer campus is taken and by using OPNET modeler software different voice codec scenarios are simulated and their influences are seen on the LTE parameters like throughput, average jitter, end to end delay and MOS values which in turn helps to obtain an efficient voice service over the LTE system with little or no hitch.
2017 2nd International Conference on Telecommunication and Networks (TEL-NET), 2017
A tri-band circular patch microstrip antenna with different shapes in DGS is presented in this pa... more A tri-band circular patch microstrip antenna with different shapes in DGS is presented in this paper. The circular patch radiating microstrip antenna DGS techniques are combined. The proposed antenna consists of two inverted U shaped slots and a CPW feed with three distinct DGS shapes that are E-shaped, F-shaped and U-shaped. Due to these DGS, it enhances performance of the various parameters of circular patch microstrip antenna such as return loss (−38.15 dB), gain (6.32 dB), VSWR (<=2), and bandwidth (19%). This simulated antenna is useful for satellite communication, terrestrial microwave communication and radar communication especially speed detector for traffic police.
2015 International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), 2015
This paper gives the prototype of a microstrip antenna with an inset feed, at two different frequ... more This paper gives the prototype of a microstrip antenna with an inset feed, at two different frequencies of 2.2 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The bandwidth of these antennas has been enhanced, by introducing slots in it; and has been made suitable for WLAN applications. On successful simulation of the antennas, the values of directivity and gain were observed. Gain and Directivity for the antennas operating at 2.2 GHz was found to be 7.699 dB and 8.480 dBi. The value of Gain and Directivity for the antenna operating at 5.2 GHz (Without Slots) was found to be 6.187 dB and 5.199 dBi. On introduction of slots in this antenna, the values achieved were 6.452 dB and 12.94 dBi. The results are analyzed and discussed in terms of return loss, gain, directivity. The simulation of the antennas is done on CST Microwave Studio.
2016 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology (CICT), 2016
This paper proposes a novel geometry of a dual substrate Defected Microstrip structure antenna th... more This paper proposes a novel geometry of a dual substrate Defected Microstrip structure antenna that improves the performance of dual substrate Microstrip patch antenna. Proposed antenna is designed to operate at dual band 7.4GHz and 9.1GHz. For the desired result, array of 6×6 hexagonal Frequency Selective Surface is sandwiched between the two substrates. The ground plane is made Defective ground surface by cutting hexagonal slots on PEC ground plane. The patch was also made defective Microstrip structure by cutting two hexagonal slots on it of equal dimensions. The proposed structure is fed by an inset feed. This type of miniaturized antenna with improved performance is very useful in mobile and satellite applications.
2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2019
With the advancement of technology in society, there is a crucial need of a system for vehicles w... more With the advancement of technology in society, there is a crucial need of a system for vehicles which could bring revolution in the transportation department. A system with self-localization alert, smart communication system and is economically feasible to most of the living society. This will not only revolutionize the transportation department, but also Emergency alert services and healthcare organizations. In this paper, a brief study of Trilateration method of locating objects id done. Internet of thing is one of the emerging technologies that helps in object to object communication. Applications and various pros and cons of the technology are observed. Eventually, an automobile system is proposed that could help is saving many life of people. Combining trilateration and Internet of Things, in a cost effective way, could bring revolution in Automobile industry.
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Papers by Shalini Sah