Papers by Shumaila Yousafzai
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Dec 6, 2023
Women face unique challenges in their quest to achieve business success relative to men. Applying... more Women face unique challenges in their quest to achieve business success relative to men. Applying the theories of epistemic injustice and intersectionality, this study collectively analyzes the overlapping impacts of identities that complement gender at multiple levels in the context of the oppressive, interconnected power structures of occupation and patriarchy. Our findings explain how the impact of institutional oppressors, through structural and normative discrimination, may cause some Palestinian women entrepreneurs to internalize and accept injustice while others tap into available resources to engage in epistemic resistance.
Human Relations
What exactly is gaslighting and how does it play out in the gendered context of women’s entrepren... more What exactly is gaslighting and how does it play out in the gendered context of women’s entrepreneurship? We contribute to Stern’s three-stage model of gaslighting by presenting a contextualised perspective through a ‘twisted path’ of gaslighting that maps out gaslighting interactions and consequences, reflecting how our findings coincide with, depart from and enrich this model; meanwhile identifying primary and subsequent (secondary and tertiary) gaslighting interactions. By examining gaslighting through the lens of epistemic injustice and testimonial injustice, we explain why some women entrepreneurs succumb to gaslighting, while others strategically employ testimonial smothering and infrapolitics as an empowered agential strategy rather than a disenfranchised consequence. Considering the lack of research on gaslighting in entrepreneurship, our geopolitical context emphasises the role of spatial position and identity within multiple systems of injustice, such as occupation and pat...
Routledge eBooks, May 13, 2021
For the modern man the patriarchal relation of status is by no means the dominant feature of life... more For the modern man the patriarchal relation of status is by no means the dominant feature of life; but for the women on the other hand, and for the upper-middle class women especially, confined as they are by prescription and by economic circumstances to their "domestic sphere", this relation is the most real and most formative factor of life'. (Veblen 1899, 324 as quoted in Van Staveren and Odebode 2007, 903)
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Jan 24, 2018
This study develops and validates a model that evaluates the effect of trust on individual moneta... more This study develops and validates a model that evaluates the effect of trust on individual monetary donations to charitable organizations (COs). Data were collected in Saudi Arabia using a two-stage approach and were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Data on psychosocial variables were collected in the first stage, and data on behavior were collected in the second stage, 4 weeks later. The findings confirm the study's novel multidimensional perspective of trust in the context of individual monetary donations to COs in Saudi Arabia. The results validate the view that trust is present only when the individuals concerned are disposed to trust others and when they believe that the COs can conduct their charitable mission, are honest in the use of their donations, and prioritize beneficiaries' rights. Individuals' trust in COs affects both the intention to donate and future monetary donation behavior.
Routledge eBooks, Mar 19, 2018
Journal of Promotion Management, Feb 17, 2017
Spain's financial sector is not in a healthy state, and the problems that some financial institut... more Spain's financial sector is not in a healthy state, and the problems that some financial institutions currently face perpetuate the widespread perception of risk across the entire sector. Moreover, the online social networks (OSN) that emerged a decade ago are suddenly at the very heart of digital society. In this study we develop a predictive model to determine that the motivational factors that influence Spanish users' intention to use OSN to communicate with financial institutions are quality management, availability of information, external conditions, trust, perceived compatibility, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intention. Data were collected from 335 Spanish OSN users through an online survey. The results suggest that quality management has a highly significant and positive effect on perceived usefulness and that perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on the intention to use social networks to communicate with financial institutions.
Social Science Research Network, 2021
Despite institutional constraints female entrepreneurs in Iran experience their entrepreneurial a... more Despite institutional constraints female entrepreneurs in Iran experience their entrepreneurial activities as a source of value for themselves and other stakeholders, especially their family. Drawing upon the narrative reports of female entrepreneurs in Bandarabbas, the capital city of Hormozgan province in the south of Iran, Based on the notion that the authors put forward the argument that beyond economic values, female entrepreneurs in Iran create immense values for the family including positive Intra-family dynamics, the positive impact of female income on the family members, and change of attitudes towards females, who may now be perceived as an agent of change. The authors also suggest that ethics of care and enact supportive role for all family members in females can enhance desired family value such as respect, love, and empathy. In other words, these female entrepreneurs’ trait creates a favorable family atmosphere around female entrepreneurs that finally lead to deeper positive emotions in the family.
Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer and management book series, Oct 15, 2012
With slight variations mainly over the technological nature of the medium, m-commerce has been de... more With slight variations mainly over the technological nature of the medium, m-commerce has been defined by a number of scholars as the trading of goods and services over mobile Internet devices. In their article, Wu and Hisa
Research Handbook of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Value Creation, 2022
Entrepreneurship is a multi-faceted concept in which several factors, including the entrepreneuri... more Entrepreneurship is a multi-faceted concept in which several factors, including the entrepreneurial context, the individual entrepreneur, the entrepreneurial environment, and the entrepreneurial product or service, combine to create the outcomes of the entrepreneurial process. Entrepreneurial outcomes have been mostly studied in terms of financial performance, wealth creation, firm survival, improvement in the quality of life (McMullen and Warnick, 2015), and promotion of economic growth in developed and developing economies and across industries (Audretsch et al., 2006; Baumol, 1986). Although evaluation of entrepreneurial activity in these terms is important, it often results in a one-sided analysis in which entrepreneurship is evaluated and appraised solely in monetary terms, without reference to its social impact (Zahra et al., 2009), that is, without mention of other kinds of value that come from it. Although, the focus on financial outcomes excludes social entrepreneurship, which is based primarily on fulfilling a community's unmet needs and creating social value. Nevertheless, restricting the discussion of non-monetary value creation in entrepreneurship to social entrepreneurs further limits the full scope of value created by all entrepreneurs, not just social entrepreneurs. It also limits the contribution of entrepreneurial activity that is initiated by disadvantaged and marginalized groups like women, ethnic minorities, the disabled, and youth (Welter, 2011), even though these groups often create significant value beyond financial value. Such value takes multiple forms and occurs at various levels, so it must be documented if the full contribution that entrepreneurs make to the economy and society is to be recognized. This edited volume aims to present a collection of studies that would further explore, rethink, and recognize the value created through women's entrepreneurship and will co-create useful knowledge and expertise that can feed joint learning, innovative practices and evidence-based policy-making for successful women's entrepreneurship promotion and gender-just inclusive growth around the globe. Such studies would highlight the importance of women as agents of change for society and the economy and would have important implications for policy-making in that they would direct attention to and provide evidence for the positive contribution of women entrepreneurs to the economy, regardless of their businesses' size and formal status, thus, acknowledging women entrepreneurs' efforts and supporting their value-creation activities. Through these studies, we hope that the researchers
Responding to calls for research into the drivers of environmental or system trust this study exa... more Responding to calls for research into the drivers of environmental or system trust this study examines and identifies factors that foster consumer trust in the environment within which the UK financial services industry operates against the background of the 2008 financial crisis and other scandals that have affected the industry. The findings suggest that consumers hold a generally positive perception of both statutory and self-regulation and draw considerable reassurance from regulations related to the industry itself and wider data protection regulation. Consumers are also shown to hold expectations concerning both the attire and condition of the business premises of financial advisers which if not met can adversely affect the formation of trust and disrupt transactions. A finding not suggested in the existing academic literature links consumer needs for privacy, confidentiality and data security to premises design and indicates that consumers also hold considerable expectations ...
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 2018
This study develops and validates a model that evaluates the effect of trust on individual moneta... more This study develops and validates a model that evaluates the effect of trust on individual monetary donations to charitable organizations (COs). Data were collected in Saudi Arabia using a two-stage approach and were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Data on psychosocial variables were collected in the first stage, and data on behavior were collected in the second stage, 4 weeks later. The findings confirm the study’s novel multidimensional perspective of trust in the context of individual monetary donations to COs in Saudi Arabia. The results validate the view that trust is present only when the individuals concerned are disposed to trust others and when they believe that the COs can conduct their charitable mission, are honest in the use of their donations, and prioritize beneficiaries’ rights. Individuals’ trust in COs affects both the intention to donate and future monetary donation behavior.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, May 1, 2010
The theory of reasoned action originally introduced in the field of Social Psychology has been wi... more The theory of reasoned action originally introduced in the field of Social Psychology has been widely used to explain individuals' behaviour. The theory postulates that individuals' behaviour is influenced by their attitude and subjective norm. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influence an individual's intention to use a technology based on the theory of reasoned action. We used Internet banking as the target technology and Malaysian subjects as the sampling frame. A principal component analysis was used to validate the constructs and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. As expected, the results supported the theory's proposition as that an individuals' behavioural intention to use Internet banking is influenced by their attitude and subjective norm. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications were offered.
Service Industries Journal, May 1, 2009
Trust has been identified as the key to e-commerce because it is crucial wherever uncertainty and... more Trust has been identified as the key to e-commerce because it is crucial wherever uncertainty and interdependence exist. The strong association between a high level of trust and the banking sector has not yet been fully translated in the electronic world. The aim of this article is to develop and validate a multi-dimensional model of trust for Internet banking. The data are collected through 441 Internet banking users of Halifax Bank of Scotland. Findings suggest that trust and perceived risk are direct antecedents of intention, and trust is a multi-dimensional construct with three antecedents: perceived trustworthiness, perceived security, and perceived privacy.
Internet and MMORPGs provide a means of unrestricted social interaction, an outlet for emotional ... more Internet and MMORPGs provide a means of unrestricted social interaction, an outlet for emotional or psychological troubles, relieve stress generated in daily activities, and are fun to play. However excessive involvement in MMORPGs may make the player psychologically dependent and thereby develop an addiction to them. Previous studies report inconsistent relationships between the influences and negative outcomes of PIU and MMORP addiction. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study proposes a theoretical model which integrates four psychosocial variables (depression, social anxiety, personality, and locus of control) as predictors of PIU and MMORPG addiction, and three negative outcomes of engaging into these behaviors (physical and psychological and academic wellbeing and real-life interpersonal relationships). The model provides direction of empirical testing for future research.
Journal of Business Ethics, Oct 4, 2012
Online gambling companies claim that they are ethical providers. They seem committed to corporate... more Online gambling companies claim that they are ethical providers. They seem committed to corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that are aimed at preventing or minimising the harm associated with their activities. Our empirical research employed a sample of 209 university student online gamblers, who took part in an online survey. Our findings suggest that the extent of online problem gambling is substantial and that it adversely impacts on the gambler's mental and physical health, social relationships and academic performance. Online problem gambling seems to be related to the time spent on the Internet and gambling online, parental/peer gambling and binge drinking. As our findings show that there are harmful repercussions associated with online gambling, we argue that companies in this controversial sector cannot reach the higher level of CSR achieved by other industries. Nevertheless, they can gain legitimacy on the basis of their CSR engagement at a transactional level, and so, by meeting their legal and ethical commitments and behaving with transparency and fairness, the integrity of the company can be ensured. We also argue that current failures in the implementation and control of CSR policies, the reliance on revenue from problem gamblers' losses, and controversial marketing activities appear to constitute the main obstacles in the prevention or minimisation of harm related to online gambling. As online gambling companies must be responsible for the harm related to their activities, we suggest that CSR policies should be fully implemented, monitored and clearly reported; all forms of advertising should be reduced substantially; and unfair or misleading promotional techniques should be banned. The industry should not rely on revenue from problem gamblers, nor should their behaviour be reinforced by marketing activities (i.e. rewards). We realise, however, that it is unrealistic to expect the online gambling industry to prioritise harm prevention over revenue maximisation. Policy makers and regulators, therefore, would need to become involved if the actions suggested above are to be undertaken. CSR is paramount to minimise harm and provide a healthier user experience in this business sector, but it also poses marketing dilemmas. We support a global collaborative approach for the online gambling industry, as harm related to gambling is a public health issue.
The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual model that determines how intenti... more The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual model that determines how intentions towards the use of internet banking are formed and to what extent they are related to the actual use of internet banking. The thesis also examines the role of customers' trust in internet banking acceptance and the perceptual differences among customers on the basis of their technology readiness and demographic characteristics of gender and age. The thesis integrates variables associated with behavioural and environmental uncertainty( ...
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Papers by Shumaila Yousafzai