Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Patient record keeping plays a vital role in diagnoses and cures. Due to a shortage of time, most... more Patient record keeping plays a vital role in diagnoses and cures. Due to a shortage of time, most doctors write prescriptions manually in Pakistan. At times, it becomes difficult for pharmacists to read prescriptions properly. As a result, they may dispense the wrong medicine. This might cause risky and deadly effects on the patient’s health. This paper proposes an online handwritten medical prescription recognition system that lets doctors write prescriptions on a tablet using a stylus and automatically recognizes the medicine. We use signature verification techniques to recognize the doctor’s handwriting to overcome the problem of misinterpretation of the medicine name by the pharmacist. The proposed system stores different features like the pen coordinates, time, and several pen-ups and pen-downs. Besides using features already proposed in the literature for signature verification, we propose some new features that greatly enhance recognition accuracy. We built a dataset of 24 me...
Legionella pneumophila is found in the natural aquatic environment and can resist a wide range of... more Legionella pneumophila is found in the natural aquatic environment and can resist a wide range of environmental conditions. There are around fifty species of Legionella, at least twenty-four of which are directly linked to infections in humans. L. pneumophila is the cause of Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially lethal form of pneumonia. By blocking phagosome-lysosome fusion, L. pneumophila lives and proliferates inside macrophages. For this disease, there is presently no authorized multiepitope vaccine available. For the multi-epitope-based vaccine (MEBV), the best antigenic candidates were identified using immunoinformatics and subtractive proteomic techniques. Several immunoinformatics methods were utilized to predict B and T cell epitopes from vaccine candidate proteins. To construct an in silico vaccine, epitopes (07 CTL, 03 HTL, and 07 LBL) were carefully selected and docked with MHC molecules (MHC-I and MHC-II) and human TLR4 molecules. To increase the immunological response, ...
2019 International Symposium on Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering (RAEE)
The recent advancements in the field of image processing has led to giving the importance of kins... more The recent advancements in the field of image processing has led to giving the importance of kinship verification. In this paper, we propose methodology based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for the blood relation identification of human faces in the images. We examined the best parameters for every feature extraction technique such as: Grey-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Completed Joint Scale Local Binary Pattern (CJLBP), Alexnet, Resnet on KinFace-I And KinFace-II datasets. The method is made up of two basic stages which are; (1) Feature Extraction (2) Classification. In the proposed method we adopted Alexnet for the process of feature extraction, and the classifier used is support vector machine (SVM). The results obtained using proposed approach gives better results in comparison to many other approaches that were used previously.
Leukemia is a form of blood cancer that develops when the human body’s bone marrow contains too m... more Leukemia is a form of blood cancer that develops when the human body’s bone marrow contains too many white blood cells. This medical condition affects adults and is considered a prevalent form of cancer in children. Treatment for leukaemia is determined by the type and the extent to which cancer has developed across the body. It is crucial to diagnose leukaemia early in order to provide adequate care and to cure patients. Researchers have been working on advanced diagnostics systems based on Machine Learning (ML) approaches to diagnose leukaemia early. In this research, we employ deep learning (DL) based convolutional neural network (CNN) and hybridized two individual blocks of CNN named CNN-1 and CNN-2 to detect acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and multiple myeloma (MM). The proposed model detects malignant leukaemia cells using microscopic blood smear images. We construct a dataset of about 4150 images from a public directory. The main challenges...
Security and privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT) other significant challenges, primarily beca... more Security and privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT) other significant challenges, primarily because of the vast scale and deployment of IoT networks. Blockchain-based solutions support decentralized protection and privacy. In this study, a private blockchain-based smart home network architecture for estimating intrusion detection empowered with a Fused Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine (RTS-DELM) system model is proposed. This study investigates the methodology of RTS-DELM implemented in blockchain-based smart homes to detect any malicious activity. The approach of data fusion and the decision level fusion technique are also implemented to achieve enhanced accuracy. This study examines the numerous key components and features of the smart home network framework more extensively. The Fused RTS-DELM technique achieves a very significant level of stability with a low error rate for any intrusion activity in smart home networks. The simulation findings indicate that th...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a notable health care load that imposes a serious impact on th... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a notable health care load that imposes a serious impact on the quality of life of patients. The small amount of reported data and multiple spectra of pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM make it a challenging task and serious economic burden in health care management. Abrus precatorius L. is a slender, perennial, deciduous, and woody twining plant used in various regions of Asia to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes mellitus. Various in vitro studies revealed the therapeutic significance of A. precatorius against diabetes. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclarified. In the present study, a network pharmacology technique was employed to uncover the active ingredients, their potential targets, and signaling pathways in A. precatorius for the treatment of T2DM. In the framework of this study, we explored the active ingredient–target–pathway network and figured out that abrectorin, abrusin, abrisapogenol J, sophoradiol, c...
Businesses are overgrowing worldwide; people struggle for their businesses and startups in almost... more Businesses are overgrowing worldwide; people struggle for their businesses and startups in almost every field of life, whether industrial or academic. The businesses or services have multiple income streams with which they generate revenue. Most companies use different marketing and advertisement strategies to engage their customers and spread their services worldwide. Service recommendation systems are gaining popularity to recommend the best services and products to customers. In recent years, the development of service-oriented computing has had a significant impact on the growth of businesses. Knowledge graphs are commonly used data structures to describe the relations among data entities in recommendation systems. Domain-oriented user and service interaction knowledge graph (DUSKG) is a framework for keyword extraction in recommendation systems. This paper proposes a novel method of chunking-based keyword extractions for hybrid recommendations to extract domain-specific keyword...
Background: The future perception of students is affected by a series of events happening through... more Background: The future perception of students is affected by a series of events happening throughout their course of studies. The objective of this study is to measure the Future time perspective (FTP) and Future intolerance (FI) among medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study done from January 15, 2020 to July 20, 2020 among MBBS students of Rawalpindi Medical University. The questionnaire consisted of 1) Socio-demographic details, 2) Future Time Perspective scale, and 3) Frustration Discomfort scale. An online survey was done using Google Forms. An ANOVA was run to check for differences in FTP and FI between the classes. Bivariate analysis for continuous variables was applied. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.23.0 (IBM, Armonk, US). Results: Mean age of participants was 21.8 (SD=1.66) with majority females 331(58.4%). The mean FTP score and mean FI scores were 50....
The duration between the onset of myocardial infarction and first intervention plays a pivotal ro... more The duration between the onset of myocardial infarction and first intervention plays a pivotal role in saving the life of the patients. Objective: To determine the frequency of various pre-hospital factors causing delay among patients presenting with STEMI in the emergency department of a teaching hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study conducted at the Cardiology Department, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology (RIC), Rawalpindi from March to August 2019. A total of 142 patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to the Emergency Department (ED) of RIC were enrolled. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed for confirmation of STEMI and find the type of MI. Echo-cardiography was done to find out the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle. Type of reperfusion therapy either thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), time of symptom onset, and time of presentation in ED of RIC were noted. Patients were di...
In this paper, we define (n, k) triple factorial and extend the definition up to a finite number ... more In this paper, we define (n, k) triple factorial and extend the definition up to a finite number of multi-factorials of the said type. We express the Pochhammer's symbol and hypergeometric functions involving these factorials. Also, we express some elementary functions in the form of (n, k)! r satisfying the classical results.
Background: In recent times, the incidence of stress has increased dramatically, and it is now be... more Background: In recent times, the incidence of stress has increased dramatically, and it is now becoming prevalent in students as well. This study aims to identify different coping strategies and leisure-time physical activity in medical students, and their association with academic performance throughout the stressful event of professional examinations using the brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory.Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional correlational study done during August 2019 to November 2019. Students enrolled in Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) studying at Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan participated in this research during their professional examinations. Independent sample t-tests were used to identify differences between the two academic groups (high and low achievers) by coping strategies, like approach coping and avoidant coping. The Spearman’s rho test was applied to find correlation between leisure time activi...
The present preliminary study is based on the results of the research work carried out in Qilla S... more The present preliminary study is based on the results of the research work carried out in Qilla Saifullah Tehsil, District Qilla Saifullah, Balochistan, Pakistan, during 2016. The area was surveyed and collection of hydrophytes and marshland plants was made from 10 sites of various aquatic habitats. The collected materials were identified with the help of available literature, and internet and by comparing with herbarium specimens. Data inventory consists of botanical name, family, availability, distribution. In this study 30 plant species belonging to 16 families were identified. Poaceae was the largest family that contributed 07 species (23.33%), followed by Typhaceae with 03 species (10%) each, next 6 families, Asteraceae, Brassicaeae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Rnunculaceae with 02 species (06.66 %) each; while the last 08 families contributed 1 species (3.33%) each. Detailed account of the semi aquatic and marshland angiosperms of Qilla Saifullah is not available. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to highlight such angiospermic plant species. Hence more work is needed to be done in this regard.
Introduction The prolonged fluoroscopic time during coronary angiography results in a higher radi... more Introduction The prolonged fluoroscopic time during coronary angiography results in a higher radiation dose delivered to patients. Similarly, a higher contrast volume used is associated with higher rates of contrast-induced nephropathy. This study was designed to identify the better technique in terms of lesser fluoroscopic time and volume of contrast used during the procedure. Objective To compare mean fluoroscopic time and mean contrast volume used in patients undergoing coronary angiography through the transfemoral versus transradial route. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at the department of cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad between June 2017 and December 2017. Ninety (n=90) patients planned for coronary angiography between 30 and 70 years of age were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to Group A (transfemoral route group) and Group B (transradial route group). Fluoroscopic time (minutes) and contrast volume (mi...
Pakistan’s is often described as week polity because of its poor democratic credentials. Civil so... more Pakistan’s is often described as week polity because of its poor democratic credentials. Civil society in Pakistan is divided along modern-secular and traditional-religious lines. The conflict between the two segments of civil society manifests itself in many shapes and directions because of their opposing ideologies, campaigns and world-views. This conflict is deeply rooted in socio-political history of Pakistan and continues to grow multifold. This study is an attempt to root-out the origins and causes of this conflict and to show the dynamism of Pakistan’s civil society as it evolved. State has increased its power at the expense of civil society and the non-representative power centers control the reins of society and politics. Conditions required to create and sustain a Western kind of civil society are either missing or very different in Pakistan’s case, therefore the Western expectations of creation of democracy, pluralism and openness remain unfulfilled. I propose in this stu...
Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2 Department of Statistics,... more Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2 Department of Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4 Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan E-mail: abdurrehman2007@hotmail.com, rabi.asma6@gmail.com, saba.siddiq112@gmail.com , smjhanda@gmail.com ABSTRACT. In this note, we define some new probability distributions involving a new parameter > 0, named as probability -distributions. We prove some properties of these -distributions which generalize the classical results. Here, we present the moment generating functions of said distributions and establishes the results in terms of Pochhammer -symbol. Also, the authors prove some results showing the link between these distributions.
Background Changes in hematological parameters, such as neutrophils, leukocytes, neutrophil-lymph... more Background Changes in hematological parameters, such as neutrophils, leukocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume, have been observed during laparoscopic surgeries. Objectives The objectives of this research were to assess the changes in hematological parameters and liver enzymes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods This prospective observational study included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Patients with comorbidities, including hepatitis, diabetes, and where laparoscopic cholecystectomy was converted to open cholecystectomy, were excluded. Preoperative and postoperative baseline hematological parameters and liver function tests (LFTs) were recorded. Characteristics like age, gender, body mass index (BMI), indication for surgery, duration of surgery, the pressure of pneumoperitoneum, and the duration of hospital stay were noted. A paired sample t-test was applied to assess...
Klebsiella aerogenes is a Gram-negative bacterium which has gained considerable importance in rec... more Klebsiella aerogenes is a Gram-negative bacterium which has gained considerable importance in recent years. It is involved in 10% of nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections and 12% of hospital-acquired pneumonia. This organism has an intrinsic ability to produce inducible chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases, which confer high resistance. The drug resistance in K. aerogenes has been reported in China, Israel, Poland, Italy and the United States, with a high mortality rate (~50%). This study aims to combine immunological approaches with molecular docking approaches for three highly antigenic proteins to design vaccines against K. aerogenes. The synthesis of the B-cell, T-cell (CTL and HTL) and IFN-γ epitopes of the targeted proteins was performed and most conserved epitopes were chosen for future research studies. The vaccine was predicted by connecting the respective epitopes, i.e., B cells, CTL and HTL with KK, AAY and GPGPG linkers and all these were connected with ...
International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Due to the speedy increase in population, the solid waste management issues are becoming a challe... more Due to the speedy increase in population, the solid waste management issues are becoming a challenge for the developing countries. Unhealthy collection, improper transportation and open dumping of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is causing a serious threat to the environment and the people residing in the surroundings. In Pakistan, unsustainable way of solid waste management, lack of the authorities to deal with effectively with the MSW and least vision of the society towards the emerging issues of the solid waste is depicting the worst situation in the country. To highlight the significant Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) issues in the developing countries of the world, Peshawar city has been selected as a case study. Peshawar city is experiencing serious environmental issues due to speedy urbanization pace, rapid industrialization, deficiency of the authorities to manage the solid waste issues properly and lack of public awareness towards the challenging issue. Open dumping...
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Patient record keeping plays a vital role in diagnoses and cures. Due to a shortage of time, most... more Patient record keeping plays a vital role in diagnoses and cures. Due to a shortage of time, most doctors write prescriptions manually in Pakistan. At times, it becomes difficult for pharmacists to read prescriptions properly. As a result, they may dispense the wrong medicine. This might cause risky and deadly effects on the patient’s health. This paper proposes an online handwritten medical prescription recognition system that lets doctors write prescriptions on a tablet using a stylus and automatically recognizes the medicine. We use signature verification techniques to recognize the doctor’s handwriting to overcome the problem of misinterpretation of the medicine name by the pharmacist. The proposed system stores different features like the pen coordinates, time, and several pen-ups and pen-downs. Besides using features already proposed in the literature for signature verification, we propose some new features that greatly enhance recognition accuracy. We built a dataset of 24 me...
Legionella pneumophila is found in the natural aquatic environment and can resist a wide range of... more Legionella pneumophila is found in the natural aquatic environment and can resist a wide range of environmental conditions. There are around fifty species of Legionella, at least twenty-four of which are directly linked to infections in humans. L. pneumophila is the cause of Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially lethal form of pneumonia. By blocking phagosome-lysosome fusion, L. pneumophila lives and proliferates inside macrophages. For this disease, there is presently no authorized multiepitope vaccine available. For the multi-epitope-based vaccine (MEBV), the best antigenic candidates were identified using immunoinformatics and subtractive proteomic techniques. Several immunoinformatics methods were utilized to predict B and T cell epitopes from vaccine candidate proteins. To construct an in silico vaccine, epitopes (07 CTL, 03 HTL, and 07 LBL) were carefully selected and docked with MHC molecules (MHC-I and MHC-II) and human TLR4 molecules. To increase the immunological response, ...
2019 International Symposium on Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering (RAEE)
The recent advancements in the field of image processing has led to giving the importance of kins... more The recent advancements in the field of image processing has led to giving the importance of kinship verification. In this paper, we propose methodology based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for the blood relation identification of human faces in the images. We examined the best parameters for every feature extraction technique such as: Grey-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Completed Joint Scale Local Binary Pattern (CJLBP), Alexnet, Resnet on KinFace-I And KinFace-II datasets. The method is made up of two basic stages which are; (1) Feature Extraction (2) Classification. In the proposed method we adopted Alexnet for the process of feature extraction, and the classifier used is support vector machine (SVM). The results obtained using proposed approach gives better results in comparison to many other approaches that were used previously.
Leukemia is a form of blood cancer that develops when the human body’s bone marrow contains too m... more Leukemia is a form of blood cancer that develops when the human body’s bone marrow contains too many white blood cells. This medical condition affects adults and is considered a prevalent form of cancer in children. Treatment for leukaemia is determined by the type and the extent to which cancer has developed across the body. It is crucial to diagnose leukaemia early in order to provide adequate care and to cure patients. Researchers have been working on advanced diagnostics systems based on Machine Learning (ML) approaches to diagnose leukaemia early. In this research, we employ deep learning (DL) based convolutional neural network (CNN) and hybridized two individual blocks of CNN named CNN-1 and CNN-2 to detect acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and multiple myeloma (MM). The proposed model detects malignant leukaemia cells using microscopic blood smear images. We construct a dataset of about 4150 images from a public directory. The main challenges...
Security and privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT) other significant challenges, primarily beca... more Security and privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT) other significant challenges, primarily because of the vast scale and deployment of IoT networks. Blockchain-based solutions support decentralized protection and privacy. In this study, a private blockchain-based smart home network architecture for estimating intrusion detection empowered with a Fused Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine (RTS-DELM) system model is proposed. This study investigates the methodology of RTS-DELM implemented in blockchain-based smart homes to detect any malicious activity. The approach of data fusion and the decision level fusion technique are also implemented to achieve enhanced accuracy. This study examines the numerous key components and features of the smart home network framework more extensively. The Fused RTS-DELM technique achieves a very significant level of stability with a low error rate for any intrusion activity in smart home networks. The simulation findings indicate that th...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a notable health care load that imposes a serious impact on th... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a notable health care load that imposes a serious impact on the quality of life of patients. The small amount of reported data and multiple spectra of pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM make it a challenging task and serious economic burden in health care management. Abrus precatorius L. is a slender, perennial, deciduous, and woody twining plant used in various regions of Asia to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes mellitus. Various in vitro studies revealed the therapeutic significance of A. precatorius against diabetes. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclarified. In the present study, a network pharmacology technique was employed to uncover the active ingredients, their potential targets, and signaling pathways in A. precatorius for the treatment of T2DM. In the framework of this study, we explored the active ingredient–target–pathway network and figured out that abrectorin, abrusin, abrisapogenol J, sophoradiol, c...
Businesses are overgrowing worldwide; people struggle for their businesses and startups in almost... more Businesses are overgrowing worldwide; people struggle for their businesses and startups in almost every field of life, whether industrial or academic. The businesses or services have multiple income streams with which they generate revenue. Most companies use different marketing and advertisement strategies to engage their customers and spread their services worldwide. Service recommendation systems are gaining popularity to recommend the best services and products to customers. In recent years, the development of service-oriented computing has had a significant impact on the growth of businesses. Knowledge graphs are commonly used data structures to describe the relations among data entities in recommendation systems. Domain-oriented user and service interaction knowledge graph (DUSKG) is a framework for keyword extraction in recommendation systems. This paper proposes a novel method of chunking-based keyword extractions for hybrid recommendations to extract domain-specific keyword...
Background: The future perception of students is affected by a series of events happening through... more Background: The future perception of students is affected by a series of events happening throughout their course of studies. The objective of this study is to measure the Future time perspective (FTP) and Future intolerance (FI) among medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study done from January 15, 2020 to July 20, 2020 among MBBS students of Rawalpindi Medical University. The questionnaire consisted of 1) Socio-demographic details, 2) Future Time Perspective scale, and 3) Frustration Discomfort scale. An online survey was done using Google Forms. An ANOVA was run to check for differences in FTP and FI between the classes. Bivariate analysis for continuous variables was applied. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.23.0 (IBM, Armonk, US). Results: Mean age of participants was 21.8 (SD=1.66) with majority females 331(58.4%). The mean FTP score and mean FI scores were 50....
The duration between the onset of myocardial infarction and first intervention plays a pivotal ro... more The duration between the onset of myocardial infarction and first intervention plays a pivotal role in saving the life of the patients. Objective: To determine the frequency of various pre-hospital factors causing delay among patients presenting with STEMI in the emergency department of a teaching hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study conducted at the Cardiology Department, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology (RIC), Rawalpindi from March to August 2019. A total of 142 patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to the Emergency Department (ED) of RIC were enrolled. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed for confirmation of STEMI and find the type of MI. Echo-cardiography was done to find out the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle. Type of reperfusion therapy either thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), time of symptom onset, and time of presentation in ED of RIC were noted. Patients were di...
In this paper, we define (n, k) triple factorial and extend the definition up to a finite number ... more In this paper, we define (n, k) triple factorial and extend the definition up to a finite number of multi-factorials of the said type. We express the Pochhammer's symbol and hypergeometric functions involving these factorials. Also, we express some elementary functions in the form of (n, k)! r satisfying the classical results.
Background: In recent times, the incidence of stress has increased dramatically, and it is now be... more Background: In recent times, the incidence of stress has increased dramatically, and it is now becoming prevalent in students as well. This study aims to identify different coping strategies and leisure-time physical activity in medical students, and their association with academic performance throughout the stressful event of professional examinations using the brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory.Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional correlational study done during August 2019 to November 2019. Students enrolled in Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) studying at Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan participated in this research during their professional examinations. Independent sample t-tests were used to identify differences between the two academic groups (high and low achievers) by coping strategies, like approach coping and avoidant coping. The Spearman’s rho test was applied to find correlation between leisure time activi...
The present preliminary study is based on the results of the research work carried out in Qilla S... more The present preliminary study is based on the results of the research work carried out in Qilla Saifullah Tehsil, District Qilla Saifullah, Balochistan, Pakistan, during 2016. The area was surveyed and collection of hydrophytes and marshland plants was made from 10 sites of various aquatic habitats. The collected materials were identified with the help of available literature, and internet and by comparing with herbarium specimens. Data inventory consists of botanical name, family, availability, distribution. In this study 30 plant species belonging to 16 families were identified. Poaceae was the largest family that contributed 07 species (23.33%), followed by Typhaceae with 03 species (10%) each, next 6 families, Asteraceae, Brassicaeae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Rnunculaceae with 02 species (06.66 %) each; while the last 08 families contributed 1 species (3.33%) each. Detailed account of the semi aquatic and marshland angiosperms of Qilla Saifullah is not available. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to highlight such angiospermic plant species. Hence more work is needed to be done in this regard.
Introduction The prolonged fluoroscopic time during coronary angiography results in a higher radi... more Introduction The prolonged fluoroscopic time during coronary angiography results in a higher radiation dose delivered to patients. Similarly, a higher contrast volume used is associated with higher rates of contrast-induced nephropathy. This study was designed to identify the better technique in terms of lesser fluoroscopic time and volume of contrast used during the procedure. Objective To compare mean fluoroscopic time and mean contrast volume used in patients undergoing coronary angiography through the transfemoral versus transradial route. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at the department of cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad between June 2017 and December 2017. Ninety (n=90) patients planned for coronary angiography between 30 and 70 years of age were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to Group A (transfemoral route group) and Group B (transradial route group). Fluoroscopic time (minutes) and contrast volume (mi...
Pakistan’s is often described as week polity because of its poor democratic credentials. Civil so... more Pakistan’s is often described as week polity because of its poor democratic credentials. Civil society in Pakistan is divided along modern-secular and traditional-religious lines. The conflict between the two segments of civil society manifests itself in many shapes and directions because of their opposing ideologies, campaigns and world-views. This conflict is deeply rooted in socio-political history of Pakistan and continues to grow multifold. This study is an attempt to root-out the origins and causes of this conflict and to show the dynamism of Pakistan’s civil society as it evolved. State has increased its power at the expense of civil society and the non-representative power centers control the reins of society and politics. Conditions required to create and sustain a Western kind of civil society are either missing or very different in Pakistan’s case, therefore the Western expectations of creation of democracy, pluralism and openness remain unfulfilled. I propose in this stu...
Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2 Department of Statistics,... more Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2 Department of Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4 Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan E-mail: abdurrehman2007@hotmail.com, rabi.asma6@gmail.com, saba.siddiq112@gmail.com , smjhanda@gmail.com ABSTRACT. In this note, we define some new probability distributions involving a new parameter > 0, named as probability -distributions. We prove some properties of these -distributions which generalize the classical results. Here, we present the moment generating functions of said distributions and establishes the results in terms of Pochhammer -symbol. Also, the authors prove some results showing the link between these distributions.
Background Changes in hematological parameters, such as neutrophils, leukocytes, neutrophil-lymph... more Background Changes in hematological parameters, such as neutrophils, leukocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume, have been observed during laparoscopic surgeries. Objectives The objectives of this research were to assess the changes in hematological parameters and liver enzymes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods This prospective observational study included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Patients with comorbidities, including hepatitis, diabetes, and where laparoscopic cholecystectomy was converted to open cholecystectomy, were excluded. Preoperative and postoperative baseline hematological parameters and liver function tests (LFTs) were recorded. Characteristics like age, gender, body mass index (BMI), indication for surgery, duration of surgery, the pressure of pneumoperitoneum, and the duration of hospital stay were noted. A paired sample t-test was applied to assess...
Klebsiella aerogenes is a Gram-negative bacterium which has gained considerable importance in rec... more Klebsiella aerogenes is a Gram-negative bacterium which has gained considerable importance in recent years. It is involved in 10% of nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections and 12% of hospital-acquired pneumonia. This organism has an intrinsic ability to produce inducible chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases, which confer high resistance. The drug resistance in K. aerogenes has been reported in China, Israel, Poland, Italy and the United States, with a high mortality rate (~50%). This study aims to combine immunological approaches with molecular docking approaches for three highly antigenic proteins to design vaccines against K. aerogenes. The synthesis of the B-cell, T-cell (CTL and HTL) and IFN-γ epitopes of the targeted proteins was performed and most conserved epitopes were chosen for future research studies. The vaccine was predicted by connecting the respective epitopes, i.e., B cells, CTL and HTL with KK, AAY and GPGPG linkers and all these were connected with ...
International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Due to the speedy increase in population, the solid waste management issues are becoming a challe... more Due to the speedy increase in population, the solid waste management issues are becoming a challenge for the developing countries. Unhealthy collection, improper transportation and open dumping of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is causing a serious threat to the environment and the people residing in the surroundings. In Pakistan, unsustainable way of solid waste management, lack of the authorities to deal with effectively with the MSW and least vision of the society towards the emerging issues of the solid waste is depicting the worst situation in the country. To highlight the significant Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) issues in the developing countries of the world, Peshawar city has been selected as a case study. Peshawar city is experiencing serious environmental issues due to speedy urbanization pace, rapid industrialization, deficiency of the authorities to manage the solid waste issues properly and lack of public awareness towards the challenging issue. Open dumping...
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Papers by abdur rehman