First published May 5, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00175.2011.— The purpose of this study was ... more First published May 5, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00175.2011.— The purpose of this study was to determine if PKB signaling is decreased and contractile protein degradation is increased in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles from middle-aged (MA) and aged (AG) mice. We also examined the effect of age on atrogene expression in quadriceps muscle. PKB activity, as assessed by Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation, was significantly higher in EDL and SOL muscles from AG than MA mice. The age-related increase in PKB activity appears to be due to an increase in expression of the kinase, as PKB- and PKB- levels were significantly higher in EDL and SOL muscles from AG than MA mice. The phosphory-lation of forkhead box 3a (FOXO3a) on Thr32, a PKB target, was significantly higher in EDL muscles from AG than MA mice. The rate of contractile protein degradation was similar in EDL and SOL muscles from AG and MA mice. Atrogin-1 and muscle-specific RING
This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Mrs. Hattie Brown. As I reflect, from preschool to g... more This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Mrs. Hattie Brown. As I reflect, from preschool to graduate school, you have always been there, whether it was to hold my hand or offer encouraging words. Thank you for your support, motherly wisdom, prayers, and unconditional love. Whenever I need inspiration, I am strengthened knowing that you are always praying for me. Thank you for being the best mother that a young woman can ask for, I love you. v Acknowledgements To my Almighty Heavenly Father: God, I thank you for giving me everything that I need to complete my educational journey. Without you, I know that I would not be where I am today. I always find strength in your Holy word and am continuously empowered knowing that I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Philippians 4:13 Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths. Proverbs 3: 5-6 To my family: Thank you for your continuous support. I know that you all are always there to provide inspiration and encouragement. Specifically, to my grandmother, Aunt Lula, and Aunt Mary, thank you for your prayers, wisdom, and inspiration. I know that no matter what, the three of you are always there for me. To Dr. Edward Delgado-Romero: You have been the BEST advisor that a student can ask for. Throughout this journey, you provided me with knowledge, support, and mentorship. I am extremely grateful to have you as an advisor. I am sure that in twenty years, I will be saying, "My advisor said…" Thank you for all your guidance and support. To Dr. Rosemary Phelps: Thank you for being my mentor and UGA mom. Throughout the years, I am thankful for the smiles, hugs, and encouraging words that you have given me. To my UGA cohort and peers: Thank you for your continuous support and laughs. From working diligently in class to wonderful potluck dinners, I am thankful for your motivational words and inspiration. I do not like to call names, however, I must specifically thank Jokae Ingram and Cassaundra Govan. Jokae, you are a wonderful friend. You have truly been there for me each and every time I needed a friend. Thank you for the laughs and support. I miss you buddy. Cassaundra, you are a wonderful mentor. You were never too busy to help me. Thank you for giving me guidance throughout this program. To my internship cohort: Thank you for making me laugh and loosen up. I am so happy that we were able to share the internship journey together. To Barbara James, thank you for taking the time to help me each and every time that I asked. You are truly a wonderful friend.
Young people in care have been found to have a higher incidence of self-harming behaviours. Howev... more Young people in care have been found to have a higher incidence of self-harming behaviours. However, despite research findings that managing self-harm can be stressful for carers, there has been a dearth of literature which has specifically examined residential carers’ experiences of this. Therefore, the current study used an interpretative phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of residential carers in relation to self-harm. Three superordinate themes emerged from the study, each with a number of subordinate themes. ‘Surviving’ illustrated how managing self-harm can be a difficult experience for residential carers and therefore they need a number of coping strategies to draw upon to manage. ‘We’re out here alone’ represented participants’ feelings around being held individually responsible for managing acts of self-harm and also feeling as though outside agencies were inadequate or slow to respond to the young people’s needs. ‘Losing control’ reflected when coping str...
Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2008
Three groups of healthy dogs with low antibody titers to Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine p... more Three groups of healthy dogs with low antibody titers to Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine parainfluenza virus (CPI), and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) were used in this study. One group was vaccinated with a single dose of monovalent attenuated Bb vaccine and one group with a trivalent vaccine containing attenuated Bb, CPI, and CAV-2; dogs were vaccinated intranasally with a single dose of the respective vaccines. The third group served as unvaccinated controls. All vaccinated dogs subsequently developed serum antibody titers to Bb that persisted for at least 1 year. Following Bb challenge 1 year after vaccination, all vaccinated dogs, regardless of group, showed significantly fewer clinical signs and shed significantly fewer challenge organisms than unvaccinated controls. These results demonstrate that intranasal administration of a single dose of monovalent attenuated Bb vaccine or trivalent vaccine containing attenuated Bb, CPI, and CAV-2 provides 1 year of protection ag...
Abstract: Dichelesthium oblongum belongs to the family Dichelesthiidae, within the Suborder Sipho... more Abstract: Dichelesthium oblongum belongs to the family Dichelesthiidae, within the Suborder Siphonostomatoida, subclass Copepoda (Kabata 1979; Huys and Boxshall 1991). A description of the life cycle and the morphology of its developmental stages is described ...
The clinical work of GPs and physiotherapists frequently involves the assessment of patient pain.... more The clinical work of GPs and physiotherapists frequently involves the assessment of patient pain. In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation of patient- and clinician-assessment of severity of pain through quantitative analysis of patient- and clinician-assessed pain scores collected at metropolitan general practice and physiotherapy clinics. Prior to a consultation, 30 patients were asked to complete a short general health survey within which they answered questions regarding current pain and, if in pain, the severity of that pain on the visual analogue scale. Following the consultation, their clinicians were asked questions on their observation of the patients, including whether they observed that their patients were in pain and, if so, how severe on the visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis of these data showed that although there was a correlation between the physiotherapist- and patient-assessed pain scores, there was no correlation between the GP- and patient-a...
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Sachet water is one of the primary sources of drinking water in rapidly growing countries. A stud... more Sachet water is one of the primary sources of drinking water in rapidly growing countries. A study to assess the microbiological quality of sachet water in 21 different brands was conducted in Ghana. Culturable total coliform was positive in 87% of the samples collected, where Escherichia coli colonies were absent. The analysis of quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated the presence of E. coli genes in 44.6% of the samples, with the highest concentration up to 3,166 CCE/100 ml. Microbial source tracking analyses showed that the source of E. coli genes did not originate from sewage contamination because the human-associated HF183 marker was not detected. Of the 175 samples tested, 71% did not mention any water treatment before filling the packages. These results suggest non-human sources of contamination, such as biofilm formation in the pipelines used to fill these packages due to poor disinfection. Our study shows an urgent need for increased regulation and standar...
The effect of solvents has been found as a crucial factor in determining the regioselectivity of ... more The effect of solvents has been found as a crucial factor in determining the regioselectivity of the hydroxyalkylation of indole with trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetals. The appropriate selection of the solvent ensured to achieve absolute N1 or C3 regio/chemoselectivity of the reaction depending on the polarity and dielectric constant of the medium. Reaction conditions were optimized considering the effect of solvent, including temperature, time, and molar ratio of reactants to base. In order to rationalize this effect, density functional theory has been employed in which implicit as well as explicit role of solvent was studied, which were further validated with in situ 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments. The comparison of transition states derived from the implicit calculations revealed that the lowest energy path of the reaction in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to product formation with N-selectivity. Further DFT calculations on explicit interactions of indole with DMSO indicated enhanced nucleophilicity on the N atom compared to that of C3 atom, which is evident from the calculated electrostatic potential (ESP) fit charges of these complexes. These findings appear to support the experimental data and explain the N-selectivity in DMSO.
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic apicomplexa-protozoan pathogen that causes gastroenteritis a... more Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic apicomplexa-protozoan pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in mammals worldwide. The organism is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts, which are shed in faeces, and completes its lifecycle in a single host.^1^ C. parvum is ubiquitous on dairy operations worldwide and is one of the leading causes of diarrhoea in calves on these farms.^2,3^ Here, for the first time, we describe the antibody response in a large group of cows to a recombinant C. parvum oocyst surface protein (rCP15/60) vaccine and the antibody response in calves fed rCP15/60-immune colostrum produced by these vaccinated cows. Results of recent genotype surveys indicate that calves are the only major reservoir for C. parvum infections in humans.^4^ Human C. parvum infections are particularly prevalent and often fatal in neonates in developing countries and to immunocompromised people, such as AIDs patients.^4^ Drug therapy against cryptosporidiosis is limited and not whol...
Different binding modes of the reactant on different catalysts determine the hydrodeoxygenation s... more Different binding modes of the reactant on different catalysts determine the hydrodeoxygenation selectivity.
use of alternative medicines, specifically melatonin and ω-3 fatty acid supplements, which are pr... more use of alternative medicines, specifically melatonin and ω-3 fatty acid supplements, which are promoted as having cognitive and sleep benefits for patients with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder,6 is particularly noteworthy given that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs, which are frequently used in older children and adolescents, are also associated with serious cardiovascular effects.7
we inhABit An iLLusive spAce, wheRe theRe is an ongoing struggle to find the missing pieces of se... more we inhABit An iLLusive spAce, wheRe theRe is an ongoing struggle to find the missing pieces of self. We are all on the journey to be accepted and to feel a sense of belonging. My work is about mimicry – what it means to mimic, the implications of employing this tool in the process of constructing postcolonial Caribbean identity, and the significance of this idea in a twenty-first-century art context. We are all aware of the narratives surrounding the issues regarding the influence of colonialism, mass media, pop culture, Western trends and their impact on the formation of identity, but who is telling the story and from what point of view? I would like to tell a story . . . e act of copying or imitating a dominant culture is evident in the formation of subcultures resulting from class distortions associated with colonialism. With this in mind, I create works surrounding this duality that plays a vital role in the formation of cultural identity, a product that is constantly changing and not fixed. ere is an obsession with the need for acceptance and belonging, and I use my works to add to the ongoing dialogue on the subject of cultural identity and representation. Objects such as collars, hair, pearls, spoons, lace and cane are recurring in the works, and act as signifiers of control, restriction and royalty/high society. ese motifs are juxtaposed with figures to highlight the tension regarding class struggles in society. I make reference to Dutch sixteenthto-seventeenth-century portraiture, appropriating and re-contextualising its representation. I use the idea of portraiture as a tool that imitates the model, incorporating both traditional and contemporary painting languages to create a ‘story’ within the works. ARTIST’S VOICE
First published May 5, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00175.2011.— The purpose of this study was ... more First published May 5, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00175.2011.— The purpose of this study was to determine if PKB signaling is decreased and contractile protein degradation is increased in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles from middle-aged (MA) and aged (AG) mice. We also examined the effect of age on atrogene expression in quadriceps muscle. PKB activity, as assessed by Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation, was significantly higher in EDL and SOL muscles from AG than MA mice. The age-related increase in PKB activity appears to be due to an increase in expression of the kinase, as PKB- and PKB- levels were significantly higher in EDL and SOL muscles from AG than MA mice. The phosphory-lation of forkhead box 3a (FOXO3a) on Thr32, a PKB target, was significantly higher in EDL muscles from AG than MA mice. The rate of contractile protein degradation was similar in EDL and SOL muscles from AG and MA mice. Atrogin-1 and muscle-specific RING
This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Mrs. Hattie Brown. As I reflect, from preschool to g... more This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Mrs. Hattie Brown. As I reflect, from preschool to graduate school, you have always been there, whether it was to hold my hand or offer encouraging words. Thank you for your support, motherly wisdom, prayers, and unconditional love. Whenever I need inspiration, I am strengthened knowing that you are always praying for me. Thank you for being the best mother that a young woman can ask for, I love you. v Acknowledgements To my Almighty Heavenly Father: God, I thank you for giving me everything that I need to complete my educational journey. Without you, I know that I would not be where I am today. I always find strength in your Holy word and am continuously empowered knowing that I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Philippians 4:13 Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths. Proverbs 3: 5-6 To my family: Thank you for your continuous support. I know that you all are always there to provide inspiration and encouragement. Specifically, to my grandmother, Aunt Lula, and Aunt Mary, thank you for your prayers, wisdom, and inspiration. I know that no matter what, the three of you are always there for me. To Dr. Edward Delgado-Romero: You have been the BEST advisor that a student can ask for. Throughout this journey, you provided me with knowledge, support, and mentorship. I am extremely grateful to have you as an advisor. I am sure that in twenty years, I will be saying, "My advisor said…" Thank you for all your guidance and support. To Dr. Rosemary Phelps: Thank you for being my mentor and UGA mom. Throughout the years, I am thankful for the smiles, hugs, and encouraging words that you have given me. To my UGA cohort and peers: Thank you for your continuous support and laughs. From working diligently in class to wonderful potluck dinners, I am thankful for your motivational words and inspiration. I do not like to call names, however, I must specifically thank Jokae Ingram and Cassaundra Govan. Jokae, you are a wonderful friend. You have truly been there for me each and every time I needed a friend. Thank you for the laughs and support. I miss you buddy. Cassaundra, you are a wonderful mentor. You were never too busy to help me. Thank you for giving me guidance throughout this program. To my internship cohort: Thank you for making me laugh and loosen up. I am so happy that we were able to share the internship journey together. To Barbara James, thank you for taking the time to help me each and every time that I asked. You are truly a wonderful friend.
Young people in care have been found to have a higher incidence of self-harming behaviours. Howev... more Young people in care have been found to have a higher incidence of self-harming behaviours. However, despite research findings that managing self-harm can be stressful for carers, there has been a dearth of literature which has specifically examined residential carers’ experiences of this. Therefore, the current study used an interpretative phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of residential carers in relation to self-harm. Three superordinate themes emerged from the study, each with a number of subordinate themes. ‘Surviving’ illustrated how managing self-harm can be a difficult experience for residential carers and therefore they need a number of coping strategies to draw upon to manage. ‘We’re out here alone’ represented participants’ feelings around being held individually responsible for managing acts of self-harm and also feeling as though outside agencies were inadequate or slow to respond to the young people’s needs. ‘Losing control’ reflected when coping str...
Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2008
Three groups of healthy dogs with low antibody titers to Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine p... more Three groups of healthy dogs with low antibody titers to Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine parainfluenza virus (CPI), and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) were used in this study. One group was vaccinated with a single dose of monovalent attenuated Bb vaccine and one group with a trivalent vaccine containing attenuated Bb, CPI, and CAV-2; dogs were vaccinated intranasally with a single dose of the respective vaccines. The third group served as unvaccinated controls. All vaccinated dogs subsequently developed serum antibody titers to Bb that persisted for at least 1 year. Following Bb challenge 1 year after vaccination, all vaccinated dogs, regardless of group, showed significantly fewer clinical signs and shed significantly fewer challenge organisms than unvaccinated controls. These results demonstrate that intranasal administration of a single dose of monovalent attenuated Bb vaccine or trivalent vaccine containing attenuated Bb, CPI, and CAV-2 provides 1 year of protection ag...
Abstract: Dichelesthium oblongum belongs to the family Dichelesthiidae, within the Suborder Sipho... more Abstract: Dichelesthium oblongum belongs to the family Dichelesthiidae, within the Suborder Siphonostomatoida, subclass Copepoda (Kabata 1979; Huys and Boxshall 1991). A description of the life cycle and the morphology of its developmental stages is described ...
The clinical work of GPs and physiotherapists frequently involves the assessment of patient pain.... more The clinical work of GPs and physiotherapists frequently involves the assessment of patient pain. In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation of patient- and clinician-assessment of severity of pain through quantitative analysis of patient- and clinician-assessed pain scores collected at metropolitan general practice and physiotherapy clinics. Prior to a consultation, 30 patients were asked to complete a short general health survey within which they answered questions regarding current pain and, if in pain, the severity of that pain on the visual analogue scale. Following the consultation, their clinicians were asked questions on their observation of the patients, including whether they observed that their patients were in pain and, if so, how severe on the visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis of these data showed that although there was a correlation between the physiotherapist- and patient-assessed pain scores, there was no correlation between the GP- and patient-a...
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Sachet water is one of the primary sources of drinking water in rapidly growing countries. A stud... more Sachet water is one of the primary sources of drinking water in rapidly growing countries. A study to assess the microbiological quality of sachet water in 21 different brands was conducted in Ghana. Culturable total coliform was positive in 87% of the samples collected, where Escherichia coli colonies were absent. The analysis of quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated the presence of E. coli genes in 44.6% of the samples, with the highest concentration up to 3,166 CCE/100 ml. Microbial source tracking analyses showed that the source of E. coli genes did not originate from sewage contamination because the human-associated HF183 marker was not detected. Of the 175 samples tested, 71% did not mention any water treatment before filling the packages. These results suggest non-human sources of contamination, such as biofilm formation in the pipelines used to fill these packages due to poor disinfection. Our study shows an urgent need for increased regulation and standar...
The effect of solvents has been found as a crucial factor in determining the regioselectivity of ... more The effect of solvents has been found as a crucial factor in determining the regioselectivity of the hydroxyalkylation of indole with trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetals. The appropriate selection of the solvent ensured to achieve absolute N1 or C3 regio/chemoselectivity of the reaction depending on the polarity and dielectric constant of the medium. Reaction conditions were optimized considering the effect of solvent, including temperature, time, and molar ratio of reactants to base. In order to rationalize this effect, density functional theory has been employed in which implicit as well as explicit role of solvent was studied, which were further validated with in situ 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments. The comparison of transition states derived from the implicit calculations revealed that the lowest energy path of the reaction in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to product formation with N-selectivity. Further DFT calculations on explicit interactions of indole with DMSO indicated enhanced nucleophilicity on the N atom compared to that of C3 atom, which is evident from the calculated electrostatic potential (ESP) fit charges of these complexes. These findings appear to support the experimental data and explain the N-selectivity in DMSO.
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic apicomplexa-protozoan pathogen that causes gastroenteritis a... more Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic apicomplexa-protozoan pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in mammals worldwide. The organism is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts, which are shed in faeces, and completes its lifecycle in a single host.^1^ C. parvum is ubiquitous on dairy operations worldwide and is one of the leading causes of diarrhoea in calves on these farms.^2,3^ Here, for the first time, we describe the antibody response in a large group of cows to a recombinant C. parvum oocyst surface protein (rCP15/60) vaccine and the antibody response in calves fed rCP15/60-immune colostrum produced by these vaccinated cows. Results of recent genotype surveys indicate that calves are the only major reservoir for C. parvum infections in humans.^4^ Human C. parvum infections are particularly prevalent and often fatal in neonates in developing countries and to immunocompromised people, such as AIDs patients.^4^ Drug therapy against cryptosporidiosis is limited and not whol...
Different binding modes of the reactant on different catalysts determine the hydrodeoxygenation s... more Different binding modes of the reactant on different catalysts determine the hydrodeoxygenation selectivity.
use of alternative medicines, specifically melatonin and ω-3 fatty acid supplements, which are pr... more use of alternative medicines, specifically melatonin and ω-3 fatty acid supplements, which are promoted as having cognitive and sleep benefits for patients with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder,6 is particularly noteworthy given that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs, which are frequently used in older children and adolescents, are also associated with serious cardiovascular effects.7
we inhABit An iLLusive spAce, wheRe theRe is an ongoing struggle to find the missing pieces of se... more we inhABit An iLLusive spAce, wheRe theRe is an ongoing struggle to find the missing pieces of self. We are all on the journey to be accepted and to feel a sense of belonging. My work is about mimicry – what it means to mimic, the implications of employing this tool in the process of constructing postcolonial Caribbean identity, and the significance of this idea in a twenty-first-century art context. We are all aware of the narratives surrounding the issues regarding the influence of colonialism, mass media, pop culture, Western trends and their impact on the formation of identity, but who is telling the story and from what point of view? I would like to tell a story . . . e act of copying or imitating a dominant culture is evident in the formation of subcultures resulting from class distortions associated with colonialism. With this in mind, I create works surrounding this duality that plays a vital role in the formation of cultural identity, a product that is constantly changing and not fixed. ere is an obsession with the need for acceptance and belonging, and I use my works to add to the ongoing dialogue on the subject of cultural identity and representation. Objects such as collars, hair, pearls, spoons, lace and cane are recurring in the works, and act as signifiers of control, restriction and royalty/high society. ese motifs are juxtaposed with figures to highlight the tension regarding class struggles in society. I make reference to Dutch sixteenthto-seventeenth-century portraiture, appropriating and re-contextualising its representation. I use the idea of portraiture as a tool that imitates the model, incorporating both traditional and contemporary painting languages to create a ‘story’ within the works. ARTIST’S VOICE
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