iqbal khan

The efferent projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat: APhaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study. II. Descending projections

Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995

The descending projections of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) have been studied in the rat using th... more The descending projections of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) have been studied in the rat using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. The tracer was injected into the dorsolateral or ventrolateral subdivisions of the PAG at rostral or caudal sites. It was found that the patterns of the descending projections of the rostral and caudal parts of the dorsolateral PAG were the same and that the patterns of the descending projections of the rostral and caudal parts of the ventrolateral PAG were the same. However, the patterns of projections of the dorsolateral and ventrolateral PAG subregions were substantially different. These results suggest that the dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts of the PAG are organized into longitudinal columns that extend throughout the length of the PAG. The axons of PAG neurons descended through the pons and medulla via two routes. A small fiber bundle was present in the periaqueductal gray and in the periventricular area. This bundle distributed fibers and terminals locally within the periaqueductal gray and in the locus coeruleus and Barrington's nucleus. A larger bundle had a diffuse arrangement in the pontine reticular formation, however, and it had a more restricted distribution in the medulla, where it occupied a position dorsolateral to the pyramid. This bundle supplied structures in the pontine and medullary tegmentum. The dorsolateral column preferentially supplied the locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus, the gigantocellular nucleus pars alpha, the rostral part of the paragigantocellular nucleus, and the region of the A5 noradrenergic cell group. The ventrolateral column preferentially supplied the nucleus raphe magnus, the caudal part of the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, and the rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus. © 1995 Willy-Liss, Inc.

Download

The efferent projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat: APhaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study. II. Descending projections

Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995

The descending projections of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) have been studied in the rat using th... more The descending projections of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) have been studied in the rat using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. The tracer was injected into the dorsolateral or ventrolateral subdivisions of the PAG at rostral or caudal sites. It was found that the patterns of the descending projections of the rostral and caudal parts of the dorsolateral PAG were the same and that the patterns of the descending projections of the rostral and caudal parts of the ventrolateral PAG were the same. However, the patterns of projections of the dorsolateral and ventrolateral PAG subregions were substantially different. These results suggest that the dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts of the PAG are organized into longitudinal columns that extend throughout the length of the PAG. The axons of PAG neurons descended through the pons and medulla via two routes. A small fiber bundle was present in the periaqueductal gray and in the periventricular area. This bundle distributed fibers and terminals locally within the periaqueductal gray and in the locus coeruleus and Barrington's nucleus. A larger bundle had a diffuse arrangement in the pontine reticular formation, however, and it had a more restricted distribution in the medulla, where it occupied a position dorsolateral to the pyramid. This bundle supplied structures in the pontine and medullary tegmentum. The dorsolateral column preferentially supplied the locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus, the gigantocellular nucleus pars alpha, the rostral part of the paragigantocellular nucleus, and the region of the A5 noradrenergic cell group. The ventrolateral column preferentially supplied the nucleus raphe magnus, the caudal part of the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, and the rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus. © 1995 Willy-Liss, Inc.

Download

The efferent projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat: APhaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study. I. Ascending projections

Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995

This study has examined the ascending projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. Injectio... more This study has examined the ascending projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. Injections of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin were placed in the dorsolateral or ventrolateral subregions, at rostral or caudal sites. From either region, fibers ascended via two bundles. The periventricular bundle ascended in the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter. At the posterior commissure level, this bundle divided into a dorsal component that terminated in the intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei, and a ventral component that supplied the hypothalamus. The ventral bundle formed in the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and supplied the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, and the retrorubral field. The remaining fibers were incorporated into the medial forebrain bundle. These supplied the lateral hypothalamus and forebrain structures, including the preoptic area, the nuclei of the diagonal band, and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.The dorsolateral subregion preferentially innervated the centrolateral and paraventricular thalamic nuclei and the anterior hypothalamic area. The ventrolateral subregion preferentially innervated the parafascicular and central medial thalamic nuclei, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Although the dorsolateral and ventrolateral subregions gave rise to differential projections, the projections from both the rostral and caudal parts of either subregion were similar. This suggests that the dorsolateral and ventrolateral subregions are organized into longitudinal columns that extend throughout the length of the periaqueductal gray. These columns may correspond to those demonstrated in recent physiological studies. © 1995 Willy-Liss, Inc.

Download

The efferent projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat: APhaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study. I. Ascending projections

Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995

This study has examined the ascending projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. Injectio... more This study has examined the ascending projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. Injections of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin were placed in the dorsolateral or ventrolateral subregions, at rostral or caudal sites. From either region, fibers ascended via two bundles. The periventricular bundle ascended in the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter. At the posterior commissure level, this bundle divided into a dorsal component that terminated in the intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei, and a ventral component that supplied the hypothalamus. The ventral bundle formed in the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and supplied the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, and the retrorubral field. The remaining fibers were incorporated into the medial forebrain bundle. These supplied the lateral hypothalamus and forebrain structures, including the preoptic area, the nuclei of the diagonal band, and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.The dorsolateral subregion preferentially innervated the centrolateral and paraventricular thalamic nuclei and the anterior hypothalamic area. The ventrolateral subregion preferentially innervated the parafascicular and central medial thalamic nuclei, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Although the dorsolateral and ventrolateral subregions gave rise to differential projections, the projections from both the rostral and caudal parts of either subregion were similar. This suggests that the dorsolateral and ventrolateral subregions are organized into longitudinal columns that extend throughout the length of the periaqueductal gray. These columns may correspond to those demonstrated in recent physiological studies. © 1995 Willy-Liss, Inc.

Download

Simple first-order translinear-C current-mode all-pass sections

International Journal of Electronics, 2003

Page 1. INT. J. ELECTRONICS, 2003, VOL. 90, NO. 2, 7985 Simple first-order translinear-C current... more

A NOVEL IDEAL FLOATING INDUCTOR USING TRANSLINEAR CONVEYORS

Active and Passive Electronic Components, 2003

An ideal floating inductor circuit using translinear conveyors is introduced. The floating induct... more An ideal floating inductor circuit using translinear conveyors is introduced. The floating inductor simulator uses two translinear conveyors and a single capacitor in its realization. The circuit provides the current controlled ideal floating inductance without any component matching constraints. Simulation results on the floating inductor simulator verify the theory.

Download

Multifunctional translinear-C current-mode filter

International Journal of Electronics, 2000

INT. J. ELECTRONICS, 2000, VOL. 87, NO. 9, 1047±1051 Multifunctional translinear-C current-mode ®... more

Paternal somatic and germ-line mosaicism for a sex-determining region on Y (SRY) missense mutation leading to recurrent 46,XY sex reversal

Fertility and Sterility, 1997

Download

Teaching contraception: An interactive presentation using Managing Contraception

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2004

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether an interactive medical student contraceptive teac... more Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether an interactive medical student contraceptive teaching session results in improved knowledge gain or satisfaction when compared with a standard, didactic lecture. Study design: An interactive lecture was compared with a standard lecture among third-year medical students at Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine and Medical College of Georgia. Knowledge gain was assessed by comparing correct responses to a posttest with the students' own responses to the same questions given as a pretest before the lecture. Satisfaction with the lecture was assessed on a visual analog scale. Scores and satisfaction ratings were compared within and between lecture groups. Results: A total of 150 students participated. There was a significant increase in test scores within both the interactive and standard groups (P ! .0001 for both groups). The change in scores did not differ significantly between the groups (P = .087). Although overall satisfaction was significantly greater with the standard lecture (P = .004), it was high with both lectures. Conclusion: Knowledge gain with the interactive lecture was equivalent to that with the standard lecture. Satisfaction with both learning formats was high. Ó 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Download

Render Allied Securecare Pvt Ltd

Download

Uploads

Papers by iqbal khan

Log In