Statement of the problem: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and other oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are rep... more Statement of the problem: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and other oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are reported to have the potential of malignant transformation and dysplastic changes, turning into oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the world health organization (WHO) has classified OLP as a precancerous lesion of the oral cavity, there is still much debate among researchers about its risks and malignancy potential. Purpose: The present study aimed to determine malignant transformation in OLP and OLL and understand related risk factors. Materials and method: This retrospective study was performed on 356 patients of the Oral Medicine Department of Dental School of Kerman Medical University from 1998 to 2020. All patients' records were gathered. In addition, patients were followed up routinely. Second biopsy was taken as needed. The samples, previously taken from the patients, were re-evaluated according to WHO histopathologic criteria for diagnosing OLP, OLL, dysplasia, and SCC by an experienced pathologist and compared with first reports. Results: Dysplastic changes were observed in 6.2% of the patients. In more than half of the patients, dysplastic changes were present right from the start and 2.20% of the patients had experienced dysplastic changes averagely within 2.05 years of the onset of lesions. Multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of dysplasia increases with aging (p= 0.013), smoking (p= 0.0001), and thyroid disorders (p= 0.008). Conclusion: Given the rather high prevalence of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, further research appears to be needed to determine the etiology of these lesions, malignant transformations, and the factors affecting this probability. Considering the findings, it is imperative to meticulously record the information of all patients with oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions in the initial examinations as well as close follow-ups and employ diagnostic tools such as toluidine blue staining or even repeat biopsy when necessary.
Introduction: This study was carried out to estimate toothache prevalence among adult residents i... more Introduction: This study was carried out to estimate toothache prevalence among adult residents in Kerman. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among individuals aged over 18 years (n=1800). The relevant data on the prevalence of toothache and associated factors were collected by interviewing the individuals in their homes and filling out a questionnaire designed by the examiners. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors that patients recalled previous to their interview were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Nine hundred ninety-one individuals (55.1%) reported toothache during the 6 months before the interview. The participants who flossed daily, had regular dental visits, and had higher education showed a significantly lower prevalence of toothache (P<0.05), whereas regular tooth brushing and economic level of residency had no significant effect on the prevalence of toothache. Individuals between the ages of 26 and 45 [odds ratio (OR)=2.0], with a family size of more than 4 (OR=1.5), not using dental floss (OR=1.5), or having a mental or psychological illness (OR=1.5) were more likely to have a history of toothache. Conclusion: High prevalence of toothache (more than half) among residents of Kerman shows a serious and major public health problem. Toothache prevalence in middle aged adults, lower education, bigger family size, lower dental hygiene habit and/or those having mental or psychological illness were more common in the city of Kerman.
To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral healt... more To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral health survey in Iran and to investigate the possibility of ecological fallacy in aggregate data analysis. Materials and Methods: Existing data were from second national oral health survey that was carried out in 2004, which including 8725 6 years old participants. The association of mother's literacy with caries occurrence (DMF (Decayed, Missing, Filling) total score >0) of her child was assessed using individual data by logistic regression model. Then the association of the percentages of mother's literacy and the percentages of decayed teeth in each 30 provinces of Iran was assessed using aggregated data retrieved from the data of second national oral health survey of Iran and alternatively from census of "Statistical Center of Iran" using linear regression model. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all analysis. Results: Individual data analysis showed a statistically significant association between mother's literacy and decayed teeth of children (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 0.83). There were not statistical significant association between mother's literacy and child dental caries in aggregate data analysis of oral health survey (P = 0.79, B = 0.03) and census of "Statistical Center of Statistics" (P = 0.60, B = 0.14). Conclusion: Literate mothers have a preventive effect on occurring dental caries of children. According to the high percentage of illiterate parents in Iran, it's logical to consider suitable methods of oral health education which do not need reading or writing. Aggregate data analysis and individual data analysis had completely different results in this study.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Jul 15, 2015
Background and purpose: To organize oral health promotion programs in Iran, assessing the knowled... more Background and purpose: To organize oral health promotion programs in Iran, assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of students is important.The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive and validate questionnaire on KAP of oral health in 12-year old children in Iran. This cross-sectional study included 1554 children aged 12 years old who were selected from 5 provinces in Iran. First, an Internet search of the major databases of medical articles published between 2003 and 2013 was performed. After a systematic review of literature, a questionnaire was prepared in English, and was translated and back-translated using standard methods. Then the face and construct validity of Persian version of the questionnaire were assessed. Internal consistency was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients for reliability testing. The final Persian version of the questionnaire was included the most important issues in the field of knowledge (influencing factors, and the effect of carbohydrates on dental caries), attitude (fear of dentist and dental care) and practice (how to brush, diet and dental appointments). The Persian version was consistent with the English version. Participation rate of 92% was reported. Construct validity was assessed using known groups approach, internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis which was found to be in an acceptable level. The Cronbach's alpha for questions, knowledge, attitude and practice, were 0.88%, 0.86%, 0.87% and 0.78%, respectively, indicating an acceptable consistency of the questionnaire. The Persian version of the questionnaire is a precise, valid and reliable instrument for assessing KAP of oral health in 12-year old children.
S t atement of Problems: The knowledge regarding risk factors and primary signs of oral cancer in... more S t atement of Problems: The knowledge regarding risk factors and primary signs of oral cancer in general population can help them to avoid the risk factors of cancer and their timely referral to physicians. Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the adult knowledge about the risk factors and signs of oral cancer in Kerman city in 2007. Materials and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 723 adults who referred to Kerman Dental School and clinics were enrolled. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and t- test. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean knowledge about the risk factors and signs of oral cancer were (6.04±2.31 from 15) and (2±1.3 from 6), respectively. There was only a significant difference between knowledge about risk factory of oral cancer and the education of the participants. Conclusion: Low level of knowledge of adult people regarding both risk factors and signs of oral cancer stresses the need to more efforts made about the above-mentioned issues by media. Key words : Knowledge, Risk factors, Signs, Oral cancer
The oral cavity is an environment for the appearance of many types of complications. The geograph... more The oral cavity is an environment for the appearance of many types of complications. The geographic tongue is one of the most prevalence oral lesions. In many studies, the effects of hereditary and environmental factors and effective infections on this lesion have been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristic of geographic tongue. Also, the relation between this lesion with age, sex and some type of diseases were studied. For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 837 students were studied at Kerman medical university. Data were collected by completing the related forms and clinical examination, and were analyzed by statistical program SPSS 11.5, using T-test and χ² test. Results: It was found that, 104 out of 837 students had geopraphic tongue. Most lesions (74%) manifested a typical appearance consisting of a central atrophic area bounded by a raised white circinate line; the remaining lesions were characterized as solely atrophic patches.The most observed lesions were in the lateral borders of tongue in 85 cases (81.7%). The relation between fissure tongue with geographic tongue was significant (p<0.05). The prevalence and clinical appearance of studied geographic tongue in many students is in consistent with the results of other reasearches in different parts of the world.The present study shows a significant relation between fissured and geographic tongue.
Oral and general health status depends on several factors such as the individual's personal attri... more Oral and general health status depends on several factors such as the individual's personal attributes, behaviors, and perceptions. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the oral health-related behaviors in 12-year-old children. This cross-sectional study was based on the data obtained from 1554 students being 12 years old and from five provinces in Iran. The data were collected with a culturally adapted questionnaire about the students' demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP). Path analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of these factors on oral health-related behaviors in urban and rural areas. Results: Based on the findings, 61.1% of the samples resided in urban and 38.9% in rural areas. The mean scores were relatively good for knowledge (74.1±21.1%) and attitudes (72.6±21.1%), but unsatisfactory for oral health practice (51.8±12%). Having measured the correlation between the independent variables and oral health-related behaviors, the province of residence and the parents' education and job had the most significant correlations. Behavioral biases were seen in all dimensions of practice such as brushing habits, dental visits, and diet. In urban areas, 30% and in rural areas 49% of oral health behaviors were directly related to knowledge and attitudes. All of the calculated effects exhibited significant differences from zero (p< 0.0001). Path analysis identified some direct and indirect factors influencing the children's oral health-related behaviors. Factors included in this model could only justify a part of oral health behaviors. Thus, other educational models should be considered based on the psychology or social learning theories.
Statement of Problem: Appropriate diagnosis in oral medicine requires expertise, experience and t... more Statement of Problem: Appropriate diagnosis in oral medicine requires expertise, experience and the use of several other related fields. One of the important fields in this domain is oral pathology. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the consistency of clinical diagnosis and pathological reports of oral lesions in patients referring to oral pathological department of Kerman dentistry school during 1995- 2004. Materials and Method: The present research is a descriptive- analytic and retrospective study in which all of the samples referred to the pathology department in Kerman dental school during 1995 to 2004 were considered. The corresponding data were analyzed by Chi-Squire and T tests using SPSS 13.5 program for statistical analysis. Results: The histopathologic finding and clinical diagnosis were in the same line in 432 cases (64.87%) The highest percentage of proper diagnosis was found in the eight decade with the location in gingival lesions .The lowest perce...
The presence of clinical features, symptoms, treatment and prevalence of oral lesions in children... more The presence of clinical features, symptoms, treatment and prevalence of oral lesions in children and adolescents may be different from that of adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of inflammatory/reactive oral lesions in children and adolescents from 1996 to 2013. Patient records of the Department of Oral Pathology of Kerman dental school, Iran during 17 years were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical diagnosis and histopathologic features were retrieved. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 soft ware. Chi-square or t-test was used for groups comparison. Significant level was set at 0.05. Out of 1561 records, 241(14.59%) were between 0 and 18 year- old and 102 (42.32%) cases of inflammatory/reactive lesions were seen. The most common lesion was pyogenic granuloma. Most of the lesions were located in the maxilla (p=0.028).There was significant differences between age and frequency of lesions (p=0.008). In 63.2%of cases clinical feature...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of oral health education is to prevent oral diseases. Literature revi... more BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of oral health education is to prevent oral diseases. Literature review indicates that oral hygiene is poor in children with hearing impairment. Different methods have been used to teach oral health to children with hearing impairment. This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different methods of oral health education to improve oral health in children with hearing impairment. METHODS: Two independent researchers searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases without language restrictions, and a time limit of up to December 2016. Articles were imported to EndNote software and duplicate articles were removed. Relevant and proper articles were selected after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was carried out, and articles with a score of more than 5 were selected for analysis in the review. RESULTS: Of 453 articles found, 12 were assessed for eligibility based on defined...
To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral healt... more To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral health survey in Iran and to investigate the possibility of ecological fallacy in aggregate data analysis. Materials and Methods: Existing data were from second national oral health survey that was carried out in 2004, which including 8725 6 years old participants. The association of mother's literacy with caries occurrence (DMF (Decayed, Missing, Filling) total score >0) of her child was assessed using individual data by logistic regression model. Then the association of the percentages of mother's literacy and the percentages of decayed teeth in each 30 provinces of Iran was assessed using aggregated data retrieved from the data of second national oral health survey of Iran and alternatively from census of "Statistical Center of Iran" using linear regression model. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all analysis. Results: Individual data analysis showed a statistically significant association between mother's literacy and decayed teeth of children (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 0.83). There were not statistical significant association between mother's literacy and child dental caries in aggregate data analysis of oral health survey (P = 0.79, B = 0.03) and census of "Statistical Center of Statistics" (P = 0.60, B = 0.14). Conclusion: Literate mothers have a preventive effect on occurring dental caries of children. According to the high percentage of illiterate parents in Iran, it's logical to consider suitable methods of oral health education which do not need reading or writing. Aggregate data analysis and individual data analysis had completely different results in this study.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
The predictors of missing data when parents fill out questionnaire about their children's die... more The predictors of missing data when parents fill out questionnaire about their children's diet are not defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors which affect unresponsiveness to diet questions based on " Oral Health Situation of Iranian Children" Survey carried out in 1998. A dummy variable was created as dependent variable according to responding eight questions relating to diet. Then predictors of missing data were defined using multivariable logistic regression and classification tree method. To evaluate goodness of fit of logistic regression model, sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Classification tree analysis was done by Quest growing method. Significance level was set at 0.05 in logistic regression analysis. "Missing data" variable was marked as missing in 616 (7.2%) of questionnaires. In logistic regression model revealed that, gender, mother's education level and father's education level didn't affect "missing...
The number of scientific papers is a conventional metric for the measurement of a country's resea... more The number of scientific papers is a conventional metric for the measurement of a country's research performance in a particular area. Objective: To evaluate the trend in Iranian publications of dental research results in peerreviewed international scientific journals over the period 1999-2009, using national and international databases, and to compare the results with other countries. Methods: The search process was performed by two independent persons in PubMed and Iranian Medline (IranMedex). Data extraction included the year of publication, total number of dental papers in each year, total number of Iranian dental papers in each year and number of papers with a high level of evidence; these were compared with those in other Asian countries. Results: The total number of dental articles indexed in PubMed during the studied period was 207,689, with 671 being written by researchers who stated their affiliation as Iran. Although the proportion of Iranian dental articles to all published dental articles was 0.01% in 1990, this increased to 1.4% in 2009. Of all clinical trials indexed in PubMed from 1990 to 2009, only 0.62% had an author from Iran. The collaboration rate of authors ranged between 1 and 10. Turkey and Iran had a larger number of dental research publications compared with other Asian countries assessed in this study. Conclusion: During the last two decades, there has been a considerable increase in the number of dental papers by Iranian researchers indexed in the PubMed database.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2015
Objective: The knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) studies play an important role in promotion of... more Objective: The knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) studies play an important role in promotion of oral health. The aim of this study was to assess oral health KAP in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study on 1554 students aged 12 years from the rural and urban areas of five provinces, KAP of subjects was assessed using a culturally adapted questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared test, t-test, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: In general, the scores of students in knowledge, attitude, and practice were 74.1 ± 21.1%, 72.6 ± 21.1%, and 51.8 ± 12%, respectively. Urban students had significantly higher scores in KAP (P = 0.0001). Female students got higher scores in all the three dimensions, but the difference was significant only in brushing practice (P = 0.006). Students in Tehran (the capital city) had significantly higher scores in all fields (P = 0.0001). Parents' education and mothers' job had a significant relationship with KAP of children. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 12-year-old schoolchildren in Iran had good knowledge and positive attitude. But oral health practice was not satisfactory.
Introduction: Maxillary sinuses have variable sizes. Knowledge of anatomic correlation between ma... more Introduction: Maxillary sinuses have variable sizes. Knowledge of anatomic correlation between maxillary molars and sinus floor is essential for preoperative assessment in maxillary essment of posterior teeth. Aim: To assess maxillary sinus floor topography and root position of maxillary impacted third molar position using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the 1080 CBCT images of the upper jaw of patients admitted to Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, from March 2015 to December 2018. Among these, CBCT images that had atleast one maxillary impacted third molar were evaluated for the position, number and shape of roots and distance from the sinus floor. Data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: In the present study, of 1080 CBCT, 100 (9.26%) showed atleast one maxil...
BACKGROUND AND AIM : Protective equipment, such as lead aprons and thyroid shields, is effective ... more BACKGROUND AND AIM : Protective equipment, such as lead aprons and thyroid shields, is effective in reducing patient radiation. This study was conducted for evaluation the use of thyroid shields and lead aprons in dental offices, in Kerman, Iran, in June 2014. METHODS : In this descriptive-analytical study, 106 dental offices with active X-ray machines were evaluated in Kerman. The information was recorded on a data sheet consisting of eight questions in three fields of the rate of the use of lead aprons, thyroid shields and taking part in radiation protection courses. Data were evaluated using frequency distribution and chi-squared test. RESULTS : In this study, 12.3% of clinics were equipped with lead aprons but only 5.7% used them for all the patients. Only 10.4% of Kerman Dental Clinics had thyroid shields. Approximately, 9.7% of Kerman dentists had participated in continuous retraining courses on radiation protection. There was a significant relationship between clinics equippe...
Background and Objective: Different mechanisms may lead to the development of soft tissue tumor-l... more Background and Objective: Different mechanisms may lead to the development of soft tissue tumor-like lesions in the oral cavity. Many of these lesions can be identified as specific entities on the basis of their histopathological features and are divided into fibrous, vascular, and giant cell types. The purpose of this study was to establish the relative prevalence of the different histopathological aspects of biopsies of oral soft tissue tumor-like lesions at School of Dentistry, Kerman Univ. Med. Sci. Materials and Methods: Documents and records of 260 patients with localized lesions of oral tissues diagnosed from March 1996 to March 2004 were reviewed. The lesions were classified into either fibrous or soft hemorrhagic lesions. Clinical data regarding age, gender, location, and treatment of lesions were obtained for each case. Data included in the present retrospective study were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (13.5) using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: A total of 260 surgical specimens of lesions of the oral cavity presented clinically were studied; 143 cases (55%) had fibrous lesions and 117 cases (45%) had soft hemorrhagic lesions. The fibrous lesions included 91 cases (63.6%) of gingival lesions, whereas 98 cases (83.76%) of the soft hemorrhagic lesions had gingival lesions. The patients were simultaneously treated by excisional biopsy and elimination of the chronic irritant. Conclusion: Oral lesions are often detected by dental professionals, surgeons and ENT specialists. Knowledge of the frequency and presentation of the most common oral lesions is beneficial in developing a clinical impression of such lesions encountered in practice.
Statement of the problem: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and other oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are rep... more Statement of the problem: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and other oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are reported to have the potential of malignant transformation and dysplastic changes, turning into oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the world health organization (WHO) has classified OLP as a precancerous lesion of the oral cavity, there is still much debate among researchers about its risks and malignancy potential. Purpose: The present study aimed to determine malignant transformation in OLP and OLL and understand related risk factors. Materials and method: This retrospective study was performed on 356 patients of the Oral Medicine Department of Dental School of Kerman Medical University from 1998 to 2020. All patients' records were gathered. In addition, patients were followed up routinely. Second biopsy was taken as needed. The samples, previously taken from the patients, were re-evaluated according to WHO histopathologic criteria for diagnosing OLP, OLL, dysplasia, and SCC by an experienced pathologist and compared with first reports. Results: Dysplastic changes were observed in 6.2% of the patients. In more than half of the patients, dysplastic changes were present right from the start and 2.20% of the patients had experienced dysplastic changes averagely within 2.05 years of the onset of lesions. Multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of dysplasia increases with aging (p= 0.013), smoking (p= 0.0001), and thyroid disorders (p= 0.008). Conclusion: Given the rather high prevalence of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, further research appears to be needed to determine the etiology of these lesions, malignant transformations, and the factors affecting this probability. Considering the findings, it is imperative to meticulously record the information of all patients with oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions in the initial examinations as well as close follow-ups and employ diagnostic tools such as toluidine blue staining or even repeat biopsy when necessary.
Introduction: This study was carried out to estimate toothache prevalence among adult residents i... more Introduction: This study was carried out to estimate toothache prevalence among adult residents in Kerman. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among individuals aged over 18 years (n=1800). The relevant data on the prevalence of toothache and associated factors were collected by interviewing the individuals in their homes and filling out a questionnaire designed by the examiners. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors that patients recalled previous to their interview were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Nine hundred ninety-one individuals (55.1%) reported toothache during the 6 months before the interview. The participants who flossed daily, had regular dental visits, and had higher education showed a significantly lower prevalence of toothache (P<0.05), whereas regular tooth brushing and economic level of residency had no significant effect on the prevalence of toothache. Individuals between the ages of 26 and 45 [odds ratio (OR)=2.0], with a family size of more than 4 (OR=1.5), not using dental floss (OR=1.5), or having a mental or psychological illness (OR=1.5) were more likely to have a history of toothache. Conclusion: High prevalence of toothache (more than half) among residents of Kerman shows a serious and major public health problem. Toothache prevalence in middle aged adults, lower education, bigger family size, lower dental hygiene habit and/or those having mental or psychological illness were more common in the city of Kerman.
To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral healt... more To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral health survey in Iran and to investigate the possibility of ecological fallacy in aggregate data analysis. Materials and Methods: Existing data were from second national oral health survey that was carried out in 2004, which including 8725 6 years old participants. The association of mother's literacy with caries occurrence (DMF (Decayed, Missing, Filling) total score >0) of her child was assessed using individual data by logistic regression model. Then the association of the percentages of mother's literacy and the percentages of decayed teeth in each 30 provinces of Iran was assessed using aggregated data retrieved from the data of second national oral health survey of Iran and alternatively from census of "Statistical Center of Iran" using linear regression model. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all analysis. Results: Individual data analysis showed a statistically significant association between mother's literacy and decayed teeth of children (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 0.83). There were not statistical significant association between mother's literacy and child dental caries in aggregate data analysis of oral health survey (P = 0.79, B = 0.03) and census of "Statistical Center of Statistics" (P = 0.60, B = 0.14). Conclusion: Literate mothers have a preventive effect on occurring dental caries of children. According to the high percentage of illiterate parents in Iran, it's logical to consider suitable methods of oral health education which do not need reading or writing. Aggregate data analysis and individual data analysis had completely different results in this study.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Jul 15, 2015
Background and purpose: To organize oral health promotion programs in Iran, assessing the knowled... more Background and purpose: To organize oral health promotion programs in Iran, assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of students is important.The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive and validate questionnaire on KAP of oral health in 12-year old children in Iran. This cross-sectional study included 1554 children aged 12 years old who were selected from 5 provinces in Iran. First, an Internet search of the major databases of medical articles published between 2003 and 2013 was performed. After a systematic review of literature, a questionnaire was prepared in English, and was translated and back-translated using standard methods. Then the face and construct validity of Persian version of the questionnaire were assessed. Internal consistency was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients for reliability testing. The final Persian version of the questionnaire was included the most important issues in the field of knowledge (influencing factors, and the effect of carbohydrates on dental caries), attitude (fear of dentist and dental care) and practice (how to brush, diet and dental appointments). The Persian version was consistent with the English version. Participation rate of 92% was reported. Construct validity was assessed using known groups approach, internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis which was found to be in an acceptable level. The Cronbach's alpha for questions, knowledge, attitude and practice, were 0.88%, 0.86%, 0.87% and 0.78%, respectively, indicating an acceptable consistency of the questionnaire. The Persian version of the questionnaire is a precise, valid and reliable instrument for assessing KAP of oral health in 12-year old children.
S t atement of Problems: The knowledge regarding risk factors and primary signs of oral cancer in... more S t atement of Problems: The knowledge regarding risk factors and primary signs of oral cancer in general population can help them to avoid the risk factors of cancer and their timely referral to physicians. Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the adult knowledge about the risk factors and signs of oral cancer in Kerman city in 2007. Materials and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 723 adults who referred to Kerman Dental School and clinics were enrolled. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and t- test. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean knowledge about the risk factors and signs of oral cancer were (6.04±2.31 from 15) and (2±1.3 from 6), respectively. There was only a significant difference between knowledge about risk factory of oral cancer and the education of the participants. Conclusion: Low level of knowledge of adult people regarding both risk factors and signs of oral cancer stresses the need to more efforts made about the above-mentioned issues by media. Key words : Knowledge, Risk factors, Signs, Oral cancer
The oral cavity is an environment for the appearance of many types of complications. The geograph... more The oral cavity is an environment for the appearance of many types of complications. The geographic tongue is one of the most prevalence oral lesions. In many studies, the effects of hereditary and environmental factors and effective infections on this lesion have been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristic of geographic tongue. Also, the relation between this lesion with age, sex and some type of diseases were studied. For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 837 students were studied at Kerman medical university. Data were collected by completing the related forms and clinical examination, and were analyzed by statistical program SPSS 11.5, using T-test and χ² test. Results: It was found that, 104 out of 837 students had geopraphic tongue. Most lesions (74%) manifested a typical appearance consisting of a central atrophic area bounded by a raised white circinate line; the remaining lesions were characterized as solely atrophic patches.The most observed lesions were in the lateral borders of tongue in 85 cases (81.7%). The relation between fissure tongue with geographic tongue was significant (p<0.05). The prevalence and clinical appearance of studied geographic tongue in many students is in consistent with the results of other reasearches in different parts of the world.The present study shows a significant relation between fissured and geographic tongue.
Oral and general health status depends on several factors such as the individual's personal attri... more Oral and general health status depends on several factors such as the individual's personal attributes, behaviors, and perceptions. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the oral health-related behaviors in 12-year-old children. This cross-sectional study was based on the data obtained from 1554 students being 12 years old and from five provinces in Iran. The data were collected with a culturally adapted questionnaire about the students' demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP). Path analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of these factors on oral health-related behaviors in urban and rural areas. Results: Based on the findings, 61.1% of the samples resided in urban and 38.9% in rural areas. The mean scores were relatively good for knowledge (74.1±21.1%) and attitudes (72.6±21.1%), but unsatisfactory for oral health practice (51.8±12%). Having measured the correlation between the independent variables and oral health-related behaviors, the province of residence and the parents' education and job had the most significant correlations. Behavioral biases were seen in all dimensions of practice such as brushing habits, dental visits, and diet. In urban areas, 30% and in rural areas 49% of oral health behaviors were directly related to knowledge and attitudes. All of the calculated effects exhibited significant differences from zero (p< 0.0001). Path analysis identified some direct and indirect factors influencing the children's oral health-related behaviors. Factors included in this model could only justify a part of oral health behaviors. Thus, other educational models should be considered based on the psychology or social learning theories.
Statement of Problem: Appropriate diagnosis in oral medicine requires expertise, experience and t... more Statement of Problem: Appropriate diagnosis in oral medicine requires expertise, experience and the use of several other related fields. One of the important fields in this domain is oral pathology. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the consistency of clinical diagnosis and pathological reports of oral lesions in patients referring to oral pathological department of Kerman dentistry school during 1995- 2004. Materials and Method: The present research is a descriptive- analytic and retrospective study in which all of the samples referred to the pathology department in Kerman dental school during 1995 to 2004 were considered. The corresponding data were analyzed by Chi-Squire and T tests using SPSS 13.5 program for statistical analysis. Results: The histopathologic finding and clinical diagnosis were in the same line in 432 cases (64.87%) The highest percentage of proper diagnosis was found in the eight decade with the location in gingival lesions .The lowest perce...
The presence of clinical features, symptoms, treatment and prevalence of oral lesions in children... more The presence of clinical features, symptoms, treatment and prevalence of oral lesions in children and adolescents may be different from that of adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of inflammatory/reactive oral lesions in children and adolescents from 1996 to 2013. Patient records of the Department of Oral Pathology of Kerman dental school, Iran during 17 years were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical diagnosis and histopathologic features were retrieved. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 soft ware. Chi-square or t-test was used for groups comparison. Significant level was set at 0.05. Out of 1561 records, 241(14.59%) were between 0 and 18 year- old and 102 (42.32%) cases of inflammatory/reactive lesions were seen. The most common lesion was pyogenic granuloma. Most of the lesions were located in the maxilla (p=0.028).There was significant differences between age and frequency of lesions (p=0.008). In 63.2%of cases clinical feature...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of oral health education is to prevent oral diseases. Literature revi... more BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of oral health education is to prevent oral diseases. Literature review indicates that oral hygiene is poor in children with hearing impairment. Different methods have been used to teach oral health to children with hearing impairment. This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different methods of oral health education to improve oral health in children with hearing impairment. METHODS: Two independent researchers searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases without language restrictions, and a time limit of up to December 2016. Articles were imported to EndNote software and duplicate articles were removed. Relevant and proper articles were selected after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was carried out, and articles with a score of more than 5 were selected for analysis in the review. RESULTS: Of 453 articles found, 12 were assessed for eligibility based on defined...
To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral healt... more To evaluate the impact of mother's literacy on child dental caries based on a national oral health survey in Iran and to investigate the possibility of ecological fallacy in aggregate data analysis. Materials and Methods: Existing data were from second national oral health survey that was carried out in 2004, which including 8725 6 years old participants. The association of mother's literacy with caries occurrence (DMF (Decayed, Missing, Filling) total score >0) of her child was assessed using individual data by logistic regression model. Then the association of the percentages of mother's literacy and the percentages of decayed teeth in each 30 provinces of Iran was assessed using aggregated data retrieved from the data of second national oral health survey of Iran and alternatively from census of "Statistical Center of Iran" using linear regression model. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all analysis. Results: Individual data analysis showed a statistically significant association between mother's literacy and decayed teeth of children (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 0.83). There were not statistical significant association between mother's literacy and child dental caries in aggregate data analysis of oral health survey (P = 0.79, B = 0.03) and census of "Statistical Center of Statistics" (P = 0.60, B = 0.14). Conclusion: Literate mothers have a preventive effect on occurring dental caries of children. According to the high percentage of illiterate parents in Iran, it's logical to consider suitable methods of oral health education which do not need reading or writing. Aggregate data analysis and individual data analysis had completely different results in this study.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
The predictors of missing data when parents fill out questionnaire about their children's die... more The predictors of missing data when parents fill out questionnaire about their children's diet are not defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors which affect unresponsiveness to diet questions based on " Oral Health Situation of Iranian Children" Survey carried out in 1998. A dummy variable was created as dependent variable according to responding eight questions relating to diet. Then predictors of missing data were defined using multivariable logistic regression and classification tree method. To evaluate goodness of fit of logistic regression model, sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Classification tree analysis was done by Quest growing method. Significance level was set at 0.05 in logistic regression analysis. "Missing data" variable was marked as missing in 616 (7.2%) of questionnaires. In logistic regression model revealed that, gender, mother's education level and father's education level didn't affect "missing...
The number of scientific papers is a conventional metric for the measurement of a country's resea... more The number of scientific papers is a conventional metric for the measurement of a country's research performance in a particular area. Objective: To evaluate the trend in Iranian publications of dental research results in peerreviewed international scientific journals over the period 1999-2009, using national and international databases, and to compare the results with other countries. Methods: The search process was performed by two independent persons in PubMed and Iranian Medline (IranMedex). Data extraction included the year of publication, total number of dental papers in each year, total number of Iranian dental papers in each year and number of papers with a high level of evidence; these were compared with those in other Asian countries. Results: The total number of dental articles indexed in PubMed during the studied period was 207,689, with 671 being written by researchers who stated their affiliation as Iran. Although the proportion of Iranian dental articles to all published dental articles was 0.01% in 1990, this increased to 1.4% in 2009. Of all clinical trials indexed in PubMed from 1990 to 2009, only 0.62% had an author from Iran. The collaboration rate of authors ranged between 1 and 10. Turkey and Iran had a larger number of dental research publications compared with other Asian countries assessed in this study. Conclusion: During the last two decades, there has been a considerable increase in the number of dental papers by Iranian researchers indexed in the PubMed database.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2015
Objective: The knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) studies play an important role in promotion of... more Objective: The knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) studies play an important role in promotion of oral health. The aim of this study was to assess oral health KAP in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study on 1554 students aged 12 years from the rural and urban areas of five provinces, KAP of subjects was assessed using a culturally adapted questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared test, t-test, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: In general, the scores of students in knowledge, attitude, and practice were 74.1 ± 21.1%, 72.6 ± 21.1%, and 51.8 ± 12%, respectively. Urban students had significantly higher scores in KAP (P = 0.0001). Female students got higher scores in all the three dimensions, but the difference was significant only in brushing practice (P = 0.006). Students in Tehran (the capital city) had significantly higher scores in all fields (P = 0.0001). Parents' education and mothers' job had a significant relationship with KAP of children. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 12-year-old schoolchildren in Iran had good knowledge and positive attitude. But oral health practice was not satisfactory.
Introduction: Maxillary sinuses have variable sizes. Knowledge of anatomic correlation between ma... more Introduction: Maxillary sinuses have variable sizes. Knowledge of anatomic correlation between maxillary molars and sinus floor is essential for preoperative assessment in maxillary essment of posterior teeth. Aim: To assess maxillary sinus floor topography and root position of maxillary impacted third molar position using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the 1080 CBCT images of the upper jaw of patients admitted to Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, from March 2015 to December 2018. Among these, CBCT images that had atleast one maxillary impacted third molar were evaluated for the position, number and shape of roots and distance from the sinus floor. Data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: In the present study, of 1080 CBCT, 100 (9.26%) showed atleast one maxil...
BACKGROUND AND AIM : Protective equipment, such as lead aprons and thyroid shields, is effective ... more BACKGROUND AND AIM : Protective equipment, such as lead aprons and thyroid shields, is effective in reducing patient radiation. This study was conducted for evaluation the use of thyroid shields and lead aprons in dental offices, in Kerman, Iran, in June 2014. METHODS : In this descriptive-analytical study, 106 dental offices with active X-ray machines were evaluated in Kerman. The information was recorded on a data sheet consisting of eight questions in three fields of the rate of the use of lead aprons, thyroid shields and taking part in radiation protection courses. Data were evaluated using frequency distribution and chi-squared test. RESULTS : In this study, 12.3% of clinics were equipped with lead aprons but only 5.7% used them for all the patients. Only 10.4% of Kerman Dental Clinics had thyroid shields. Approximately, 9.7% of Kerman dentists had participated in continuous retraining courses on radiation protection. There was a significant relationship between clinics equippe...
Background and Objective: Different mechanisms may lead to the development of soft tissue tumor-l... more Background and Objective: Different mechanisms may lead to the development of soft tissue tumor-like lesions in the oral cavity. Many of these lesions can be identified as specific entities on the basis of their histopathological features and are divided into fibrous, vascular, and giant cell types. The purpose of this study was to establish the relative prevalence of the different histopathological aspects of biopsies of oral soft tissue tumor-like lesions at School of Dentistry, Kerman Univ. Med. Sci. Materials and Methods: Documents and records of 260 patients with localized lesions of oral tissues diagnosed from March 1996 to March 2004 were reviewed. The lesions were classified into either fibrous or soft hemorrhagic lesions. Clinical data regarding age, gender, location, and treatment of lesions were obtained for each case. Data included in the present retrospective study were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (13.5) using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: A total of 260 surgical specimens of lesions of the oral cavity presented clinically were studied; 143 cases (55%) had fibrous lesions and 117 cases (45%) had soft hemorrhagic lesions. The fibrous lesions included 91 cases (63.6%) of gingival lesions, whereas 98 cases (83.76%) of the soft hemorrhagic lesions had gingival lesions. The patients were simultaneously treated by excisional biopsy and elimination of the chronic irritant. Conclusion: Oral lesions are often detected by dental professionals, surgeons and ENT specialists. Knowledge of the frequency and presentation of the most common oral lesions is beneficial in developing a clinical impression of such lesions encountered in practice.
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