International Journal of Advances Engineering and Civil Research
Most countries now have difficulty disposing of industrial waste safely. With the fast growth of ... more Most countries now have difficulty disposing of industrial waste safely. With the fast growth of textile waste all around the world, it has become critical to discover cost-effective ways to decrease and utilize sludge. Mixing sewage with collapsible soil to improve mechanical qualities is one of the most cost-effective methods in civil applications. The major goal of this research is to highlight the importance of microstructural studies in evaluating the behavior of collapsible soil before and after treatment with textile sludge. The microstructure of three samples was examined using four techniques: collapsible soil, textile sludge, and soil mixed with 24% textile sludge. SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDAX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are examples of these methods. According to the findings, the basic cause of soil collapsing is that the structure of soil is kept together by calcium carbonate connections. Stress and saturation cause these connections to weaken and break. Furthermore, the soil's structural surface has many big bracket pores, making the soil more prone to collapse. The findings also indicated the significance of textile sludge in lowering soil collapse potential owing to the aggregate shape of the sludge, the high specific surface area, and the large amount of
The effect of H2 evolution on the mass-transfer coefficient of cathode reduction of potassium fer... more The effect of H2 evolution on the mass-transfer coefficient of cathode reduction of potassium ferricyanide at a mercury cathode was studied with the aim of (i) comparing the mass transfer behavior at a Hg cathode with that at solid electrodes under gas-evolving conditions and (ii) testing the effect of non-ionic surface-active agent on the mass transfer behavior of an H2-evolving Hg cathode. It is found that the mass transfer coefficient at the Hg cathode was much higher than the value at a solid cathode. The mass transfer coefficient at H2 evolving Hg was found to decrease in the presence of Triton-×-100 surfactant by an amount ranging from 62 to 82%, depending on the H2 discharge rate and the Triton-×-100 concentrations.
221 www.erpublication.org Abstract— The rates of anodic corrosion of copper plates in different c... more 221 www.erpublication.org Abstract— The rates of anodic corrosion of copper plates in different concentration of phosphoric acid (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mol) were determined by measuring the limiting current of anodic dissolution. The rates of corrosion were measured in absence and in presence of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol 6000 (PVA) and starch. It is found that, the rate of corrosion depends of type of inhabitations and its concentrations. The rate of corrosion decreases by amount ranging from 9.7 to 80.1 % depending on organic compounds and its concentrations. Those compounds verify Langmuir and FloryHuggins isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters were given.
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology, 2020
Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr 3+ electrolytes on HB-pencil g... more Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr 3+ electrolytes on HB-pencil graphite electrode. Factors influencing the electrochemical behavior and the processes of Cr nucleation and growth were explored using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques, respectively. Cr 3+ reduction was found to occur through an irreversible diffusion-controlled step followed by another irreversible one of impure diffusional behaviour. The reduction behavior was found to be greatly affected by Cr 3+ concentration, temperature, and type of hydrogen bond donor used in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) preparation. A more comprehensive model was suggested and successfully applied to extract a consistent data relevant to Cr nucleation kinetics from the experimental current density transients. The potential, the temperature, and the hydrogen bond donor type were estimated to be critical factors controlling Cr nucleation. The nucleation and growth processes of Cr from either choline chloride/ethylene glycol (EG-DES) or choline chloride/urea (U-DES) deep eutectic solvents were evaluated at 70 o C to be three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous and diffusion-controlled, respectively. However, the kinetics of Cr nucleation from EG-DES was found to be faster than that from U-DES. Cr nucleation was tending to be instantaneous at higher temperature, potential, and Cr 3+ concentration. Cr nuclei electrodeposited from EG-DES were characterized at different conditions using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that high number density of fine spherical nuclei of almost same sizes was nearly obtained at higher temperature and more negative potential. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms that Cr deposits were obtained.
The kinetics of the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ) from acidified potassium dichro... more The kinetics of the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ) from acidified potassium dichromate solution using iron cylinder as reducing agent was studied. The effect of the presence of different organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, sulphosalicylic acid, citric acid and phthalic acid) upon the reaction was investigated. It is found that the presence of organic acids decreases or inhibits the rate of the reduction reaction. The percentage inhibition in the presence of organic acids was ranged between 62.33 and 79.82 % at 25 °C, indicate that, increasing of organic additives concentrations is followed by increasing in inhibition power and this could be due to decrease in the diffusion coefficient values of the solution containing organic acids. Also the rate of reduction was found to increase by increasing the temperatures. The factors studied were, the concentration of the organic acids and speed of rotating iron cylinder. The applicability of the adsorption process to the Langmuir, Florry-Huggins and kinetic-thermodynamic isotherm was delaminated.
Lead is one of the common and toxic pollutants released into the natural water from various indus... more Lead is one of the common and toxic pollutants released into the natural water from various industrial activities such as metal plating, oil refining, paint and pigment producing and battery manufacturing 1 . Lead can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. As a result when the body is exposed to lead it can act as a cumulative poison. Lead accumulates mainly in bones, brain, kidney and muscles and may cause many serious disorders like anemia, kidney disease, nervous disorder and sickness even death . Lead can replace calcium, which is an essential mineral for strong bones and teeth, while play important role in sympathetic actions of nerve and blood vessel for normal functioning of nervous system. It also acts as an enzyme inhibitor in body, e.g., replaces essential element zinc from heme enzyme. The high level of lead damages cognitive development especially in children 5 . Due to toxic effects of lead ions, the removal of them from waters and wastewaters is important in terms of protection of public health and environment 6 . The conventional methods for heavy metal removal from water and wastewater include oxidation, reduction, precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrolysis and adsorption. Lead is one such toxic substance and is widely used in industrial raw material for storage battery manufacture, printing, paint, dying processes, photographic material, matches and explosive manufacturing. The storage battery industry is the largest use of lead 1 . Concentrations from 0.400
Limiting currents were measured for the electroplating of horizontal steel cylinders in unstirred... more Limiting currents were measured for the electroplating of horizontal steel cylinders in unstirred CuSO4 solutions. Variables studied were CuSO4 concentration, cylinder diameter and temperature. The limiting current was found to increase with CuSO4 concentration over the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.2 M. Cylinder diameter was found to have no effect on the limiting current within the range studied (0.8-3.8 cm diameter). The effect of temperature on the limiting current was found to obey Arrhenius equation. The activation energy for electrodeposition was found to be 15.12-32.5 kJ mol -1 . Results were explained in the light of the theory of electrochemical mass transfer.
The effect of magnetic field on the rate of cementation of cadmium from cadmium sulphate on zinc ... more The effect of magnetic field on the rate of cementation of cadmium from cadmium sulphate on zinc was studied. Variables studied were cadmium sulphate concentration and magnetic field intensity. It was found that the rate of cadmium cementation increases significantly with increasing the intensity of magnetic field. The percentage of increase in the rate of cementation ranges from 9.2 to 125 %. Results were explained on the basis that the application of magnetic field produces magneto hydrodynamic flow which enhances the rate of cementation.
International Journal of Advances Engineering and Civil Research
Most countries now have difficulty disposing of industrial waste safely. With the fast growth of ... more Most countries now have difficulty disposing of industrial waste safely. With the fast growth of textile waste all around the world, it has become critical to discover cost-effective ways to decrease and utilize sludge. Mixing sewage with collapsible soil to improve mechanical qualities is one of the most cost-effective methods in civil applications. The major goal of this research is to highlight the importance of microstructural studies in evaluating the behavior of collapsible soil before and after treatment with textile sludge. The microstructure of three samples was examined using four techniques: collapsible soil, textile sludge, and soil mixed with 24% textile sludge. SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDAX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are examples of these methods. According to the findings, the basic cause of soil collapsing is that the structure of soil is kept together by calcium carbonate connections. Stress and saturation cause these connections to weaken and break. Furthermore, the soil's structural surface has many big bracket pores, making the soil more prone to collapse. The findings also indicated the significance of textile sludge in lowering soil collapse potential owing to the aggregate shape of the sludge, the high specific surface area, and the large amount of
The effect of H2 evolution on the mass-transfer coefficient of cathode reduction of potassium fer... more The effect of H2 evolution on the mass-transfer coefficient of cathode reduction of potassium ferricyanide at a mercury cathode was studied with the aim of (i) comparing the mass transfer behavior at a Hg cathode with that at solid electrodes under gas-evolving conditions and (ii) testing the effect of non-ionic surface-active agent on the mass transfer behavior of an H2-evolving Hg cathode. It is found that the mass transfer coefficient at the Hg cathode was much higher than the value at a solid cathode. The mass transfer coefficient at H2 evolving Hg was found to decrease in the presence of Triton-×-100 surfactant by an amount ranging from 62 to 82%, depending on the H2 discharge rate and the Triton-×-100 concentrations.
221 www.erpublication.org Abstract— The rates of anodic corrosion of copper plates in different c... more 221 www.erpublication.org Abstract— The rates of anodic corrosion of copper plates in different concentration of phosphoric acid (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mol) were determined by measuring the limiting current of anodic dissolution. The rates of corrosion were measured in absence and in presence of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol 6000 (PVA) and starch. It is found that, the rate of corrosion depends of type of inhabitations and its concentrations. The rate of corrosion decreases by amount ranging from 9.7 to 80.1 % depending on organic compounds and its concentrations. Those compounds verify Langmuir and FloryHuggins isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters were given.
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology, 2020
Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr 3+ electrolytes on HB-pencil g... more Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr 3+ electrolytes on HB-pencil graphite electrode. Factors influencing the electrochemical behavior and the processes of Cr nucleation and growth were explored using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques, respectively. Cr 3+ reduction was found to occur through an irreversible diffusion-controlled step followed by another irreversible one of impure diffusional behaviour. The reduction behavior was found to be greatly affected by Cr 3+ concentration, temperature, and type of hydrogen bond donor used in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) preparation. A more comprehensive model was suggested and successfully applied to extract a consistent data relevant to Cr nucleation kinetics from the experimental current density transients. The potential, the temperature, and the hydrogen bond donor type were estimated to be critical factors controlling Cr nucleation. The nucleation and growth processes of Cr from either choline chloride/ethylene glycol (EG-DES) or choline chloride/urea (U-DES) deep eutectic solvents were evaluated at 70 o C to be three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous and diffusion-controlled, respectively. However, the kinetics of Cr nucleation from EG-DES was found to be faster than that from U-DES. Cr nucleation was tending to be instantaneous at higher temperature, potential, and Cr 3+ concentration. Cr nuclei electrodeposited from EG-DES were characterized at different conditions using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that high number density of fine spherical nuclei of almost same sizes was nearly obtained at higher temperature and more negative potential. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms that Cr deposits were obtained.
The kinetics of the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ) from acidified potassium dichro... more The kinetics of the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ) from acidified potassium dichromate solution using iron cylinder as reducing agent was studied. The effect of the presence of different organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, sulphosalicylic acid, citric acid and phthalic acid) upon the reaction was investigated. It is found that the presence of organic acids decreases or inhibits the rate of the reduction reaction. The percentage inhibition in the presence of organic acids was ranged between 62.33 and 79.82 % at 25 °C, indicate that, increasing of organic additives concentrations is followed by increasing in inhibition power and this could be due to decrease in the diffusion coefficient values of the solution containing organic acids. Also the rate of reduction was found to increase by increasing the temperatures. The factors studied were, the concentration of the organic acids and speed of rotating iron cylinder. The applicability of the adsorption process to the Langmuir, Florry-Huggins and kinetic-thermodynamic isotherm was delaminated.
Lead is one of the common and toxic pollutants released into the natural water from various indus... more Lead is one of the common and toxic pollutants released into the natural water from various industrial activities such as metal plating, oil refining, paint and pigment producing and battery manufacturing 1 . Lead can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. As a result when the body is exposed to lead it can act as a cumulative poison. Lead accumulates mainly in bones, brain, kidney and muscles and may cause many serious disorders like anemia, kidney disease, nervous disorder and sickness even death . Lead can replace calcium, which is an essential mineral for strong bones and teeth, while play important role in sympathetic actions of nerve and blood vessel for normal functioning of nervous system. It also acts as an enzyme inhibitor in body, e.g., replaces essential element zinc from heme enzyme. The high level of lead damages cognitive development especially in children 5 . Due to toxic effects of lead ions, the removal of them from waters and wastewaters is important in terms of protection of public health and environment 6 . The conventional methods for heavy metal removal from water and wastewater include oxidation, reduction, precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrolysis and adsorption. Lead is one such toxic substance and is widely used in industrial raw material for storage battery manufacture, printing, paint, dying processes, photographic material, matches and explosive manufacturing. The storage battery industry is the largest use of lead 1 . Concentrations from 0.400
Limiting currents were measured for the electroplating of horizontal steel cylinders in unstirred... more Limiting currents were measured for the electroplating of horizontal steel cylinders in unstirred CuSO4 solutions. Variables studied were CuSO4 concentration, cylinder diameter and temperature. The limiting current was found to increase with CuSO4 concentration over the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.2 M. Cylinder diameter was found to have no effect on the limiting current within the range studied (0.8-3.8 cm diameter). The effect of temperature on the limiting current was found to obey Arrhenius equation. The activation energy for electrodeposition was found to be 15.12-32.5 kJ mol -1 . Results were explained in the light of the theory of electrochemical mass transfer.
The effect of magnetic field on the rate of cementation of cadmium from cadmium sulphate on zinc ... more The effect of magnetic field on the rate of cementation of cadmium from cadmium sulphate on zinc was studied. Variables studied were cadmium sulphate concentration and magnetic field intensity. It was found that the rate of cadmium cementation increases significantly with increasing the intensity of magnetic field. The percentage of increase in the rate of cementation ranges from 9.2 to 125 %. Results were explained on the basis that the application of magnetic field produces magneto hydrodynamic flow which enhances the rate of cementation.
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