Viscosities and densities of sucrose in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions of different concen... more Viscosities and densities of sucrose in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions of different concentrations in the temperature range 293.5 to 313.15 K have been measured. Partial molar volumes at infinite dilution (V 20) of sucrose determined from apparent molar volume (φ v ) have been utilized to estimate partial molar volumes of transfer (V 2,tr0) for sucrose from water to alkali metal halide solutions. The viscosity data of alkali metal halides in purely aqueous solutions and in the presence of sucrose at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15 and 313.5 K) have been analysed by the Jones-Dole equation. The nature and magnitude of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions have been discussed in terms of the values of limiting apparent molar volume (φ v 0 ), slope (S v ) and coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation. The structure-making and structure-breaking capacities of alkali metal halides in pure aqueous solutions and in the presence of sucrose have been ascertained from temperature dependence ofφ v 0 .
There are multiple lines of compelling evidence, mostly from population-based studies, supporting... more There are multiple lines of compelling evidence, mostly from population-based studies, supporting that green tea consumption is associated with reduced risk of several human malignancies. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major antioxidant present in green tea. Chemopreventive effects of EGCG have been extensively investigated and well documented. These include inhibition of metabolic activation of carcinogens and/or stimulation of their detoxification, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, induction of apoptosis or differentiation of malignant or transformed cells, suppression of tumor promotion, inhibition of angiogenesis or metastasis, etc. EGCG targets many intracellular signaling molecules and events responsible for malignant transformation or abnormal cell proliferation, and NF-κB and AP-1 appear to be two of most potential targets of EGCG in its exerting chemopreventive activities.
The skin, situated at the interface between the body and its environment, is constantly exposed t... more The skin, situated at the interface between the body and its environment, is constantly exposed to numerous environmental, physical, and chemical agents. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes dysfunction of signaling pathways, disturbances in the apoptotic machinery, DNA damage, mutations in critical target genes, and immunosuppression. Collective effects of these lead to photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel strategies to reduce the adverse biological effects of UV radiation on the skin. The concept of photoprotection is gaining considerable attention as a practical approach to reduce the occurrence of skin cancer and photoaging. In recent years, the use of botanical antioxidants, present in the common diet and beverages consumed by the humans, has gained considerable attention as photoprotective agents. Animal model and cell culture studies have elucidated that botanical antioxidants act by several mechanisms to delay photocarcinogenesis and prevent photoaging. This chapter presents an overview of some of the selected botanical antioxidants for skin protection.Helfaer Professor of Cancer Research, Director and Vice Chair for Research(608) 263–3927(608) 263–5223
The most practical approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the proce... more The most practical approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the process of carcinogenesis through the use of chemopreventive agents. This necessitates that safer compounds, especially those derived from natural sources must be critically examined for chemoprevention. A spice common to India and the surrounding regions, is turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Pre-clinical studies in a variety of cancer cell lines including breast, cervical, colon, gastric, hepatic, leukemia, oral epithelial, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate have consistently shown that curcumin possesses anti-cancer activity in vitro and in pre-clinical animal models. The robust activity of curcumin in colorectal cancer has led to five phase I clinical trials being completed showing the safety and tolerability of curcumin in colorectal cancer patients. To date clinical trials have not identified a maximum tolerated dose of curcumin in humans with clinical trials using doses up to 8000 mg per day. The success of these trials has led to the development of phase II trials that are currently enrolling patients. Overwhelming in vitro evidence and completed clinical trials suggests that curcumin may prove to be useful for the chemoprevention of colon cancer in humans. This review will focus on describing the preclinical and clinical evidence of curcumin as a chemopreventive compound in colorectal cancer. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
To find out new resistance sources to late blight in the wild germplasm for potato breeding, we e... more To find out new resistance sources to late blight in the wild germplasm for potato breeding, we examined the polygenic resistance of Solanum sparsipilum and S. spegazzinii by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. We performed stem and foliage tests under controlled conditions in two diploid mapping progenies. Four traits were selected for QTL detection. A total of 30 QTLs were mapped, with a large-effect QTL region on chromosome X detected in both potato relatives. The mapping of literature-derived markers highlighted colinearities with published late blight QTLs or R-genes. Results showed (a) the resistance potential of S. sparsipilum and S. spegazzinii for late blight control, and (b) the efficacy of the stem test as a complement to the foliage test to break down the complex late blight resistance into elementary components. The relationships of late blight resistance QTLs with R-genes and maturity QTLs are discussed.
Viscosities and densities of sucrose in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions of different concen... more Viscosities and densities of sucrose in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions of different concentrations in the temperature range 293.5 to 313.15 K have been measured. Partial molar volumes at infinite dilution (V 20) of sucrose determined from apparent molar volume (φ v ) have been utilized to estimate partial molar volumes of transfer (V 2,tr0) for sucrose from water to alkali metal halide solutions. The viscosity data of alkali metal halides in purely aqueous solutions and in the presence of sucrose at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15 and 313.5 K) have been analysed by the Jones-Dole equation. The nature and magnitude of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions have been discussed in terms of the values of limiting apparent molar volume (φ v 0 ), slope (S v ) and coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation. The structure-making and structure-breaking capacities of alkali metal halides in pure aqueous solutions and in the presence of sucrose have been ascertained from temperature dependence ofφ v 0 .
There are multiple lines of compelling evidence, mostly from population-based studies, supporting... more There are multiple lines of compelling evidence, mostly from population-based studies, supporting that green tea consumption is associated with reduced risk of several human malignancies. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major antioxidant present in green tea. Chemopreventive effects of EGCG have been extensively investigated and well documented. These include inhibition of metabolic activation of carcinogens and/or stimulation of their detoxification, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, induction of apoptosis or differentiation of malignant or transformed cells, suppression of tumor promotion, inhibition of angiogenesis or metastasis, etc. EGCG targets many intracellular signaling molecules and events responsible for malignant transformation or abnormal cell proliferation, and NF-κB and AP-1 appear to be two of most potential targets of EGCG in its exerting chemopreventive activities.
The skin, situated at the interface between the body and its environment, is constantly exposed t... more The skin, situated at the interface between the body and its environment, is constantly exposed to numerous environmental, physical, and chemical agents. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes dysfunction of signaling pathways, disturbances in the apoptotic machinery, DNA damage, mutations in critical target genes, and immunosuppression. Collective effects of these lead to photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel strategies to reduce the adverse biological effects of UV radiation on the skin. The concept of photoprotection is gaining considerable attention as a practical approach to reduce the occurrence of skin cancer and photoaging. In recent years, the use of botanical antioxidants, present in the common diet and beverages consumed by the humans, has gained considerable attention as photoprotective agents. Animal model and cell culture studies have elucidated that botanical antioxidants act by several mechanisms to delay photocarcinogenesis and prevent photoaging. This chapter presents an overview of some of the selected botanical antioxidants for skin protection.Helfaer Professor of Cancer Research, Director and Vice Chair for Research(608) 263–3927(608) 263–5223
The most practical approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the proce... more The most practical approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the process of carcinogenesis through the use of chemopreventive agents. This necessitates that safer compounds, especially those derived from natural sources must be critically examined for chemoprevention. A spice common to India and the surrounding regions, is turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Pre-clinical studies in a variety of cancer cell lines including breast, cervical, colon, gastric, hepatic, leukemia, oral epithelial, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate have consistently shown that curcumin possesses anti-cancer activity in vitro and in pre-clinical animal models. The robust activity of curcumin in colorectal cancer has led to five phase I clinical trials being completed showing the safety and tolerability of curcumin in colorectal cancer patients. To date clinical trials have not identified a maximum tolerated dose of curcumin in humans with clinical trials using doses up to 8000 mg per day. The success of these trials has led to the development of phase II trials that are currently enrolling patients. Overwhelming in vitro evidence and completed clinical trials suggests that curcumin may prove to be useful for the chemoprevention of colon cancer in humans. This review will focus on describing the preclinical and clinical evidence of curcumin as a chemopreventive compound in colorectal cancer. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
To find out new resistance sources to late blight in the wild germplasm for potato breeding, we e... more To find out new resistance sources to late blight in the wild germplasm for potato breeding, we examined the polygenic resistance of Solanum sparsipilum and S. spegazzinii by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. We performed stem and foliage tests under controlled conditions in two diploid mapping progenies. Four traits were selected for QTL detection. A total of 30 QTLs were mapped, with a large-effect QTL region on chromosome X detected in both potato relatives. The mapping of literature-derived markers highlighted colinearities with published late blight QTLs or R-genes. Results showed (a) the resistance potential of S. sparsipilum and S. spegazzinii for late blight control, and (b) the efficacy of the stem test as a complement to the foliage test to break down the complex late blight resistance into elementary components. The relationships of late blight resistance QTLs with R-genes and maturity QTLs are discussed.
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