International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Background: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with different prevalences in different regio... more Background: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with different prevalences in different regions of world which is on the rise due to growing use of assisted reproductive technology. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and maternal complication and outcome of twin pregnancies.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in 2016-2017 in NSCB medical college and hospital, Jabalpur on 67 twin deliveries. Final outcome was given in terms of percentage and ratio.Results: After assessment of 5995 deliveries during the period 2016-2017 the incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.12 percent. In present study 83.6% of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority 56.7% were unbooked. 50.7% were primipara. Family history of twin pregnancy was found in 31.3% cases and 17.9% cases have history of ovulation inducing agent. Maximum 65.7% delivered between the gestational age 29-37weeks. Mostly 59.7% were dichorionic-diamniotic twins. Preterm delivery o...
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2020
In this paper, reliability measures of a stochastic model developed for a 1-out-of-2 system with ... more In this paper, reliability measures of a stochastic model developed for a 1-out-of-2 system with single standby are obtained by considering delayed service. The system consists of three identical units, two are initially operative and one is in cold standby. The system remains operative if any one of the units operates and system fails at the failure of the entire units. Each unit is in either operative or complete failure mode. Single server carries out the repair of failed unit with delay while reaching the system. However, server visits the system immediately if all the three units fail. Switch devices are faultless and repaired unit works similar to new one. Random variables of failure time, repair time and arrival time (or delay time) of the server are statistically independent. Semi-Markov process and regenerative point technique are used to evaluate mean time to system failure (MTSF), steady state availability, and busy period of the server and profit of the system. The trend of various reliability measures for a particular case are shown graphically.
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Dextran, the α-1,6-linked glucose polymer widely used in biology and medicine, promises new appli... more Dextran, the α-1,6-linked glucose polymer widely used in biology and medicine, promises new applications. Linear dextran applied as a blood plasma substitute demonstrates a high rate of biocompatibility. Dextran is present in foods, drugs, and vaccines and in most cases is applied as a biologically inert substance. In this review we analyze dextran's cellular uptake principles, receptor specificity and, therefore, its ability to interfere with pathogen–lectin interactions: a promising basis for new antimicrobial strategies. Dextran-binding receptors in humans include the DC-SIGN (dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin) family receptors: DC-SIGN (CD209) and L-SIGN (the liver and lymphatic endothelium homologue of DC-SIGN), the mannose receptor (CD206), and langerin. These receptors take part in the uptake of pathogens by dendritic cells and macrophages and may also participate in the modulation of immune responses, mostly shown to be benefi...
To evaluate the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in children with advanced ... more To evaluate the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in children with advanced keratoconus. Retrospective non-comparative interventional case series METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 20 eyes of 16 patients who underwent deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty at a tertiary eye care centre for advanced keratoconus. The main pre-operative parameters measured were decimal uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and average keratometry. The average keratometry was taken as an average of the flat and steep keratometric readings. The follow-up ranged from 24-105 months. The main outcome measures were UCVA, BCVA, steep and flat simulated keratometry, refraction, graft clarity and complications. At the final follow-up, 18 patients had clear grafts in the visual axis area. Mean decimal UCVA changed from 0.06 ± 0.08 to 0.24 ± 0.09. Mean decimal BCVA changed from 0.12 ± 0.19 to 0.45 ± 0.24. The average keratometry decreased fr...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015
Background: Physical fitness could influence pulmonary functions, labour and neonatal outcomes in... more Background: Physical fitness could influence pulmonary functions, labour and neonatal outcomes in pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of antenatal exercises on pulmonary functions and labour outcomes. Methods: Study included 122 uncomplicated primigravida in age group of 18-35 years at 24 th-28 th week of gestation were randomly allocated into study and control groups. Antenatal exercises were performed by study group for a minimum of 3 days a week for 20 minute duration till their delivery. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done for all subjects at 24 th week of gestation and after 36 th week of gestation. Results: A significant improvement in FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%, MEF50%, MIF50% and MVV between 24 & 36 weeks was observed in the study group after exercises. In study group 85.24% patients had spontaneous onset of labour, 14.8% patients had induction of labour as compared to 75.4% and 24.6% respectively in control group, however statistically insignificant. In the study group 41.67% patients did not require augmentation compared to 22.95% in the control group. In study group 13.11% patients had meconium stained liquor which was significantly less in comparison to 41% patients in the control group. Mean duration of first, second and third stage of labour was shorter in study group than control group. In study group 96.72% had normal and none had instrumental vaginal delivery compared to 88.52% and 6.6% from control group respectively. Caesarean section rate was 3.3% in study group and 4.9% in control group. APGAR score was normal in all the neonates. Fetal weight gain, birth weight, birth length and head circumference was significantly higher and NICU stay was significantly lesser in study group compared to control group. Conclusions: Antenatal exercises lead to improvement of pulmonary functions and hence labour and neonatal outcomes
Cell type specificity of human T cell leukemia virus 1 has been proposed as a possible reason for... more Cell type specificity of human T cell leukemia virus 1 has been proposed as a possible reason for differential viral outcome in pri-mary target cells versus secondary. Through chromatin remodeling, the HTLV-1 transactivator protein Tax interacts with cellular factors at the chromosomally integrated viral promoter to activate downstream genes and control viral transcription. RNA inter-ference is the host innate defense mechanism mediated by short RNA species (siRNA or miRNA) that regulate gene expression. There exists a close collaborative functioning of cellular transcription factors with miRNA in order to regulate the expression of a number of eukaryotic genes including those involved in suppression of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, as well as repressing viral replication and propagation. In addition, it has been suggested that retroviral latency is influenced by chromatin alterations brought about by miRNA. Since Tax requires the assembly of transcriptional cofactors to carr...
The decomposition of multi-component signals finds use in signal analysis. A new iterative approa... more The decomposition of multi-component signals finds use in signal analysis. A new iterative approach to decompose a multi-component non-stationary signal into amplitude-frequency modulated (AM-FM) mono-component signals is presented in this paper. The proposed iterative approach is based on repeatedly performing eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the Hankel matrix, initially constructed from the samples of the multi-component signal. The components corresponding to significant eigenvalue pairs of the Hankel matrix are extracted. The process of constructing the Hankel matrix, performing EVD of the Hankel matrix and extraction of components corresponding to significant eigenvalue pairs, which we refer to as 'Iteration' is repeated till all the extracted components satisfy the defined monocomponent signal criteria (MSC). The proposed decomposition approach being adaptive is suitable for analysis of non-stationary signals. The experimental results obtained by decomposing different kinds of synthetic and natural multi-component signals using the proposed iterative approach are presented and compared with the results obtained by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and singular spectrum analysis (SSA). It is shown that unlike EMD, the ability of the proposed iterative approach to separate constituent mono-component signals is neither affected by the ratio of their mean frequencies nor by their relative amplitudes.
There are several data compression Techniques available which are used for Efficient transmission... more There are several data compression Techniques available which are used for Efficient transmission and storage of the data With less memory space. In this paper, we have Proposed a two stage data compression Algorithm that is OLZWH which uses the Optimality of Lempel-Ziv-Welch (OLZW) and Adaptive Huffman Coding. With this proposed Algorithm, the data Compression ratios are Compared with existing Compression Algorithm for different data sizes.
Although the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunoprivileged site, it is sus... more Although the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunoprivileged site, it is susceptible to a host of autoimmune as well as neuroinflammatory disorders owing to recruitment of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier into perivascular and parenchymal spaces. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are involved in both primary and secondary immune responses, are the most potent immune cells in terms of antigen uptake and processing as well as presentation to T cells. In light of the emerging importance of DC traficking into the CNS, these cells represent good candidates for targeted immunotherapy against various neuroinflammatory diseases. This review focuses on potential physiological events and receptor interactions between DCs and the microvascular endothelial cells of the brain as they transmigrate into the CNS during degeneration and injury. A clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in DC migration may advance the development of new therapies that manipulate these mechanistic properties via pharmacologic intervention. Furthermore, therapeutic validation should be in concurrence with the molecular imaging techniques that can detect migration of these cells in vivo. Since the use of noninvasive methods to image migration of DCs into CNS has barely been explored, we highlighted potential molecular imaging techniques to achieve this goal. Overall, information
Introduction: Adaptive techniques to deliver radiotherapy to the bladder may ensure treatment acc... more Introduction: Adaptive techniques to deliver radiotherapy to the bladder may ensure treatment accuracy whilst sparing organs at risk. This study assesses the frequency of when an alternative plan to the current standard may be beneficial and establish the treatment resource implications of adaptive techniques. Assess the variation in accuracy of skeletal surrogate compared to the target. Additionally describes a training package for therapeutic radiographers evaluating CBCT datasets for adaptive techniques. Methods: A library of three plans was created for each patient, small, standard and large. Weekly CBCT and planar imaging data were acquired from 10 bladder cancer patients receiving radical radiotherapy. Bladder volumes from weekly CBCT were compared to the planning scan. Image registration was performed using bone and soft tissue structures on the CBCT images. A database of images was created to develop competency assessment and a training package. Results: Matching to a skeletal surrogate may under estimate movement of the target. Bladder volume can vary significantly during the course of treatment, even in the presence of bladder preparation protocols. The additional time required to implement this technique is 4 min per fraction compared to standard treatment with planar imaging. Conclusions: This feasibility study is a useful process to facilitate the implementation of adaptive techniques. However a limitation of this study is the low number of CBCT datasets evaluated. The advent of IGRT and adaptive techniques gives increased confidence to reduce margins, consequently facilitating hypo-fractionation, and may provide a gain in linear accelerator efficiency and reduce the number of hospital visits for the patient. CBCT paired with a development programme for therapeutic radiographers is an effective and efficient means of implementing adaptive radiotherapy.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012
In today’s scenario, handling and managing of fast growing knowledge is very difficult which resu... more In today’s scenario, handling and managing of fast growing knowledge is very difficult which results in consuming more time for knowledge serving and therefore degrading the overall productivity. Therefore decision of choosing Multi-Agent system for implementing enterprise Knowledge Management (KM) results in reducing the time overhead for serving the relevant knowledge to the end-user by automatic communication between the agents. The main aim of this paper is to propose knowledge management system architecture for multi agents that will be helpful in disseminating knowledge to public sector organizations in a better way and thus enhancing the productivity. The knowledge management system architecture described in this paper also provides scalability, reusability and supports system adaptability. The paper proposes Multi Agent Enterprise KM System (MAEKMS) architecture.
Abstract Transgenic animals are the result of manipulation of specific genes of interest by creat... more Abstract Transgenic animals are the result of manipulation of specific genes of interest by creating animal models and bioreactors to (for example) produce vaccines and antibodies that can be used to help save millions of lives. These animals with altered genomes must therefore be used under strict ethical control.
In this paper, we present a pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) based novel method for the vo... more In this paper, we present a pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) based novel method for the voiced/non-voiced (V/NV) detection in noisy speech signals. The energy distribution of the speech signal on the time-frequency plane is obtained by computing the PWVD coefficients of the analytic speech signal over the low frequency range (LFR). The marginal energy density with respect to time (MEDT) over the low frequency range (LFR) derived from the energy distribution of the speech signal on the time-frequency plane is used as a feature to provide the instantaneous V/NV detection. The experimental results on speech signals from the CMU-Arctic database under white, babble and vehicular noise environments taken from the NOISEX-92 database at various signal to noise ratio (SNR) are obtained to assess the performance of the proposed method. A significant performance improvement in the V/NV detection accuracy is obtained by the proposed method over the existing methods for the V/NV detection under the white noise and babble/vehicular noise environments, respectively.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 2010
Vaccinations targeting extracellular superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants are beneficial in mous... more Vaccinations targeting extracellular superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants are beneficial in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Because of its misfolded nature, wild-type nonmetallated SOD1 protein (WT-apo) may have therapeutic application for vaccination of various SOD1 mutants. We compared the effects of WT-apo to those of a G93A SOD1 vaccine in low-copy G93A SOD1 transgenic mice. Both SOD1 vaccines induced antibody against G93A SOD1 and significantly delayed disease onset compared with saline/adjuvant controls. WT-apo SOD1 significantly extended the life span of vaccinated mice. The vaccines potentiated T H 2 deviation in the spinal cord as determined by the ratio of interleukin-4 to interferon-F (IFNF) or tumor necrosis factor and induced C1q deposition around motor neurons. Transgenic mice had abundant microglial expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 4, an activator of transcription of IFNF, in the spinal cord implicating IFNF in the pathogenesis. On the other hand, the sera from G93A SOD1-vaccinated mice showed higher IFNF or tumor necrosis factor and yielded a lower IgG1/IgG2c ratio than the sera from WT-apoY vaccinated mice. These results indicate that the T H 1/T H 2 milieu is affected by specific vaccinations and that antigenicity might counteract beneficial effects by enhancing T H 1 immunity. Thus, because of its lower T H 1 induction, WT-apo may be a therapeutic option and have broader application in ALS associated with diverse SOD1 mutations.
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two immunologically distinct disea... more Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two immunologically distinct diseases: HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T cell leukemia. The genesis of these diseases is believed to be associated with the route (mucosa versus blood) and mode (cell-free versus cell-associated) of primary infection as well as the modulation of dendritic cell (DC) functions. To explore the role of DCs during early HTLV-1 infection in vivo, we used a chimeric HTLV-1 with a replaced envelope gene from Moloney murine leukemia virus to allow HTLV-1 to fuse with murine cells, which are generally not susceptible to infection with human retroviruses. We also used a CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mouse model system that permits conditional transient depletion of CD11c+ DCs. We infected these transgenic mice with HTLV-1 using both cell-free and cell-associated infection routes in the absence and presence of DCs. The ablation of DCs led to an enhanced...
Purpose & Methods The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for debilitating neurodegenerative ... more Purpose & Methods The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for debilitating neurodegenerative and oncologic diseases associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are not fully understood. Quality of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is being increasingly associated with the outcome of persistent HTLV-1 infection. In this respect, a patient cohort (from HTLV-1 endemic region) consisting of seronegative controls (controls), asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or HTLVassociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was analyzed for CD8 + T cells polyfunctionality in response to the viral antigen Tax. Results Compared to ACs, ATL and HAM/TSP patients had lower frequency and polyfunctionality of CTLs in response to Tax suggesting dysfunction of CD8 + T cells in these individuals. As an underlying mechanism, programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor was found to be highly unregulated in Tax-responsive as well as total CD8 + T cells from ATL and HAM/TSP but not from ACs and directly correlated with the lack of polyfunctionality in these individuals. Further, PD-1 expression showed a direct whereas MIP-1α expression had an indirect correlation with the proviral load providing new insights about the immunopathogenesis of HTLV-associated diseases. Additionally, we identified key cytokine signatures defining the immune activation status of clinical samples by the luminex assay. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that reconstitution of fully functional CTLs, stimulation of MIP-1α expression, and/or blockade of the PD-1 pathway are potential approaches for immunotherapy / therapeutic vaccine against HTLV-mediated diseases. Keywords Chronic viral infections. cytotoxic T cell. CD4 + Tcell. CD8 + Tcell. human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. tax
The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax interacts with numerous cellular ... more The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax interacts with numerous cellular pathways promoting both the survival and pathogenesis of the virus in the human population. Tax has been studied extensively with respect to its role in transcriptional transactivation and its involvement in the up-regulation of a number of cellular genes during the process of oncogenic transformation. These processes are dependent on Tax localization to the nucleus where it interacts with a number of cellular transcription factors during its course of nuclear action. However, there is mounting evidence suggesting that Tax may shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, localize to several cytoplasmic organelles with subsequent secretion from both Tax-transfected cells as well as HTLV-1-infected cells. In addition, the presence of cell-free Tax in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was recently demonstrated to occur during all stages of HAM/TSP. This has brought about an increased interest in the cytoplasmic localization of Tax and the implications this localization may have with respect to the progression of HTLV-1-associated disease processes. This review addresses the functional implications relevant to the localization and accumulation of Tax in the cytoplasm including the Tax amino acid signals and cellular protein interactions that may regulate this process. Specifically, we have discussed three important processes associated with the cytoplasmic localization of Tax. First, the process of Tax shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm will be described and how this process may be involved in regulating different transcriptional activation pathways. Second, cytoplasmic localization of Tax will be discussed with relevance to Tax secretion and the interaction of Tax with proteins in the cellular secretory pathway. Finally, the secretion of Tax and the effects of extracellular Tax on HTLV-1 pathogenesis will be addressed.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Background: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with different prevalences in different regio... more Background: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with different prevalences in different regions of world which is on the rise due to growing use of assisted reproductive technology. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and maternal complication and outcome of twin pregnancies.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in 2016-2017 in NSCB medical college and hospital, Jabalpur on 67 twin deliveries. Final outcome was given in terms of percentage and ratio.Results: After assessment of 5995 deliveries during the period 2016-2017 the incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.12 percent. In present study 83.6% of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority 56.7% were unbooked. 50.7% were primipara. Family history of twin pregnancy was found in 31.3% cases and 17.9% cases have history of ovulation inducing agent. Maximum 65.7% delivered between the gestational age 29-37weeks. Mostly 59.7% were dichorionic-diamniotic twins. Preterm delivery o...
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2020
In this paper, reliability measures of a stochastic model developed for a 1-out-of-2 system with ... more In this paper, reliability measures of a stochastic model developed for a 1-out-of-2 system with single standby are obtained by considering delayed service. The system consists of three identical units, two are initially operative and one is in cold standby. The system remains operative if any one of the units operates and system fails at the failure of the entire units. Each unit is in either operative or complete failure mode. Single server carries out the repair of failed unit with delay while reaching the system. However, server visits the system immediately if all the three units fail. Switch devices are faultless and repaired unit works similar to new one. Random variables of failure time, repair time and arrival time (or delay time) of the server are statistically independent. Semi-Markov process and regenerative point technique are used to evaluate mean time to system failure (MTSF), steady state availability, and busy period of the server and profit of the system. The trend of various reliability measures for a particular case are shown graphically.
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Dextran, the α-1,6-linked glucose polymer widely used in biology and medicine, promises new appli... more Dextran, the α-1,6-linked glucose polymer widely used in biology and medicine, promises new applications. Linear dextran applied as a blood plasma substitute demonstrates a high rate of biocompatibility. Dextran is present in foods, drugs, and vaccines and in most cases is applied as a biologically inert substance. In this review we analyze dextran's cellular uptake principles, receptor specificity and, therefore, its ability to interfere with pathogen–lectin interactions: a promising basis for new antimicrobial strategies. Dextran-binding receptors in humans include the DC-SIGN (dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin) family receptors: DC-SIGN (CD209) and L-SIGN (the liver and lymphatic endothelium homologue of DC-SIGN), the mannose receptor (CD206), and langerin. These receptors take part in the uptake of pathogens by dendritic cells and macrophages and may also participate in the modulation of immune responses, mostly shown to be benefi...
To evaluate the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in children with advanced ... more To evaluate the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in children with advanced keratoconus. Retrospective non-comparative interventional case series METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 20 eyes of 16 patients who underwent deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty at a tertiary eye care centre for advanced keratoconus. The main pre-operative parameters measured were decimal uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and average keratometry. The average keratometry was taken as an average of the flat and steep keratometric readings. The follow-up ranged from 24-105 months. The main outcome measures were UCVA, BCVA, steep and flat simulated keratometry, refraction, graft clarity and complications. At the final follow-up, 18 patients had clear grafts in the visual axis area. Mean decimal UCVA changed from 0.06 ± 0.08 to 0.24 ± 0.09. Mean decimal BCVA changed from 0.12 ± 0.19 to 0.45 ± 0.24. The average keratometry decreased fr...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015
Background: Physical fitness could influence pulmonary functions, labour and neonatal outcomes in... more Background: Physical fitness could influence pulmonary functions, labour and neonatal outcomes in pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of antenatal exercises on pulmonary functions and labour outcomes. Methods: Study included 122 uncomplicated primigravida in age group of 18-35 years at 24 th-28 th week of gestation were randomly allocated into study and control groups. Antenatal exercises were performed by study group for a minimum of 3 days a week for 20 minute duration till their delivery. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done for all subjects at 24 th week of gestation and after 36 th week of gestation. Results: A significant improvement in FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%, MEF50%, MIF50% and MVV between 24 & 36 weeks was observed in the study group after exercises. In study group 85.24% patients had spontaneous onset of labour, 14.8% patients had induction of labour as compared to 75.4% and 24.6% respectively in control group, however statistically insignificant. In the study group 41.67% patients did not require augmentation compared to 22.95% in the control group. In study group 13.11% patients had meconium stained liquor which was significantly less in comparison to 41% patients in the control group. Mean duration of first, second and third stage of labour was shorter in study group than control group. In study group 96.72% had normal and none had instrumental vaginal delivery compared to 88.52% and 6.6% from control group respectively. Caesarean section rate was 3.3% in study group and 4.9% in control group. APGAR score was normal in all the neonates. Fetal weight gain, birth weight, birth length and head circumference was significantly higher and NICU stay was significantly lesser in study group compared to control group. Conclusions: Antenatal exercises lead to improvement of pulmonary functions and hence labour and neonatal outcomes
Cell type specificity of human T cell leukemia virus 1 has been proposed as a possible reason for... more Cell type specificity of human T cell leukemia virus 1 has been proposed as a possible reason for differential viral outcome in pri-mary target cells versus secondary. Through chromatin remodeling, the HTLV-1 transactivator protein Tax interacts with cellular factors at the chromosomally integrated viral promoter to activate downstream genes and control viral transcription. RNA inter-ference is the host innate defense mechanism mediated by short RNA species (siRNA or miRNA) that regulate gene expression. There exists a close collaborative functioning of cellular transcription factors with miRNA in order to regulate the expression of a number of eukaryotic genes including those involved in suppression of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, as well as repressing viral replication and propagation. In addition, it has been suggested that retroviral latency is influenced by chromatin alterations brought about by miRNA. Since Tax requires the assembly of transcriptional cofactors to carr...
The decomposition of multi-component signals finds use in signal analysis. A new iterative approa... more The decomposition of multi-component signals finds use in signal analysis. A new iterative approach to decompose a multi-component non-stationary signal into amplitude-frequency modulated (AM-FM) mono-component signals is presented in this paper. The proposed iterative approach is based on repeatedly performing eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the Hankel matrix, initially constructed from the samples of the multi-component signal. The components corresponding to significant eigenvalue pairs of the Hankel matrix are extracted. The process of constructing the Hankel matrix, performing EVD of the Hankel matrix and extraction of components corresponding to significant eigenvalue pairs, which we refer to as 'Iteration' is repeated till all the extracted components satisfy the defined monocomponent signal criteria (MSC). The proposed decomposition approach being adaptive is suitable for analysis of non-stationary signals. The experimental results obtained by decomposing different kinds of synthetic and natural multi-component signals using the proposed iterative approach are presented and compared with the results obtained by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and singular spectrum analysis (SSA). It is shown that unlike EMD, the ability of the proposed iterative approach to separate constituent mono-component signals is neither affected by the ratio of their mean frequencies nor by their relative amplitudes.
There are several data compression Techniques available which are used for Efficient transmission... more There are several data compression Techniques available which are used for Efficient transmission and storage of the data With less memory space. In this paper, we have Proposed a two stage data compression Algorithm that is OLZWH which uses the Optimality of Lempel-Ziv-Welch (OLZW) and Adaptive Huffman Coding. With this proposed Algorithm, the data Compression ratios are Compared with existing Compression Algorithm for different data sizes.
Although the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunoprivileged site, it is sus... more Although the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunoprivileged site, it is susceptible to a host of autoimmune as well as neuroinflammatory disorders owing to recruitment of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier into perivascular and parenchymal spaces. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are involved in both primary and secondary immune responses, are the most potent immune cells in terms of antigen uptake and processing as well as presentation to T cells. In light of the emerging importance of DC traficking into the CNS, these cells represent good candidates for targeted immunotherapy against various neuroinflammatory diseases. This review focuses on potential physiological events and receptor interactions between DCs and the microvascular endothelial cells of the brain as they transmigrate into the CNS during degeneration and injury. A clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in DC migration may advance the development of new therapies that manipulate these mechanistic properties via pharmacologic intervention. Furthermore, therapeutic validation should be in concurrence with the molecular imaging techniques that can detect migration of these cells in vivo. Since the use of noninvasive methods to image migration of DCs into CNS has barely been explored, we highlighted potential molecular imaging techniques to achieve this goal. Overall, information
Introduction: Adaptive techniques to deliver radiotherapy to the bladder may ensure treatment acc... more Introduction: Adaptive techniques to deliver radiotherapy to the bladder may ensure treatment accuracy whilst sparing organs at risk. This study assesses the frequency of when an alternative plan to the current standard may be beneficial and establish the treatment resource implications of adaptive techniques. Assess the variation in accuracy of skeletal surrogate compared to the target. Additionally describes a training package for therapeutic radiographers evaluating CBCT datasets for adaptive techniques. Methods: A library of three plans was created for each patient, small, standard and large. Weekly CBCT and planar imaging data were acquired from 10 bladder cancer patients receiving radical radiotherapy. Bladder volumes from weekly CBCT were compared to the planning scan. Image registration was performed using bone and soft tissue structures on the CBCT images. A database of images was created to develop competency assessment and a training package. Results: Matching to a skeletal surrogate may under estimate movement of the target. Bladder volume can vary significantly during the course of treatment, even in the presence of bladder preparation protocols. The additional time required to implement this technique is 4 min per fraction compared to standard treatment with planar imaging. Conclusions: This feasibility study is a useful process to facilitate the implementation of adaptive techniques. However a limitation of this study is the low number of CBCT datasets evaluated. The advent of IGRT and adaptive techniques gives increased confidence to reduce margins, consequently facilitating hypo-fractionation, and may provide a gain in linear accelerator efficiency and reduce the number of hospital visits for the patient. CBCT paired with a development programme for therapeutic radiographers is an effective and efficient means of implementing adaptive radiotherapy.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012
In today’s scenario, handling and managing of fast growing knowledge is very difficult which resu... more In today’s scenario, handling and managing of fast growing knowledge is very difficult which results in consuming more time for knowledge serving and therefore degrading the overall productivity. Therefore decision of choosing Multi-Agent system for implementing enterprise Knowledge Management (KM) results in reducing the time overhead for serving the relevant knowledge to the end-user by automatic communication between the agents. The main aim of this paper is to propose knowledge management system architecture for multi agents that will be helpful in disseminating knowledge to public sector organizations in a better way and thus enhancing the productivity. The knowledge management system architecture described in this paper also provides scalability, reusability and supports system adaptability. The paper proposes Multi Agent Enterprise KM System (MAEKMS) architecture.
Abstract Transgenic animals are the result of manipulation of specific genes of interest by creat... more Abstract Transgenic animals are the result of manipulation of specific genes of interest by creating animal models and bioreactors to (for example) produce vaccines and antibodies that can be used to help save millions of lives. These animals with altered genomes must therefore be used under strict ethical control.
In this paper, we present a pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) based novel method for the vo... more In this paper, we present a pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) based novel method for the voiced/non-voiced (V/NV) detection in noisy speech signals. The energy distribution of the speech signal on the time-frequency plane is obtained by computing the PWVD coefficients of the analytic speech signal over the low frequency range (LFR). The marginal energy density with respect to time (MEDT) over the low frequency range (LFR) derived from the energy distribution of the speech signal on the time-frequency plane is used as a feature to provide the instantaneous V/NV detection. The experimental results on speech signals from the CMU-Arctic database under white, babble and vehicular noise environments taken from the NOISEX-92 database at various signal to noise ratio (SNR) are obtained to assess the performance of the proposed method. A significant performance improvement in the V/NV detection accuracy is obtained by the proposed method over the existing methods for the V/NV detection under the white noise and babble/vehicular noise environments, respectively.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 2010
Vaccinations targeting extracellular superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants are beneficial in mous... more Vaccinations targeting extracellular superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants are beneficial in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Because of its misfolded nature, wild-type nonmetallated SOD1 protein (WT-apo) may have therapeutic application for vaccination of various SOD1 mutants. We compared the effects of WT-apo to those of a G93A SOD1 vaccine in low-copy G93A SOD1 transgenic mice. Both SOD1 vaccines induced antibody against G93A SOD1 and significantly delayed disease onset compared with saline/adjuvant controls. WT-apo SOD1 significantly extended the life span of vaccinated mice. The vaccines potentiated T H 2 deviation in the spinal cord as determined by the ratio of interleukin-4 to interferon-F (IFNF) or tumor necrosis factor and induced C1q deposition around motor neurons. Transgenic mice had abundant microglial expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 4, an activator of transcription of IFNF, in the spinal cord implicating IFNF in the pathogenesis. On the other hand, the sera from G93A SOD1-vaccinated mice showed higher IFNF or tumor necrosis factor and yielded a lower IgG1/IgG2c ratio than the sera from WT-apoY vaccinated mice. These results indicate that the T H 1/T H 2 milieu is affected by specific vaccinations and that antigenicity might counteract beneficial effects by enhancing T H 1 immunity. Thus, because of its lower T H 1 induction, WT-apo may be a therapeutic option and have broader application in ALS associated with diverse SOD1 mutations.
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two immunologically distinct disea... more Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two immunologically distinct diseases: HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T cell leukemia. The genesis of these diseases is believed to be associated with the route (mucosa versus blood) and mode (cell-free versus cell-associated) of primary infection as well as the modulation of dendritic cell (DC) functions. To explore the role of DCs during early HTLV-1 infection in vivo, we used a chimeric HTLV-1 with a replaced envelope gene from Moloney murine leukemia virus to allow HTLV-1 to fuse with murine cells, which are generally not susceptible to infection with human retroviruses. We also used a CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mouse model system that permits conditional transient depletion of CD11c+ DCs. We infected these transgenic mice with HTLV-1 using both cell-free and cell-associated infection routes in the absence and presence of DCs. The ablation of DCs led to an enhanced...
Purpose & Methods The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for debilitating neurodegenerative ... more Purpose & Methods The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for debilitating neurodegenerative and oncologic diseases associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are not fully understood. Quality of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is being increasingly associated with the outcome of persistent HTLV-1 infection. In this respect, a patient cohort (from HTLV-1 endemic region) consisting of seronegative controls (controls), asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or HTLVassociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was analyzed for CD8 + T cells polyfunctionality in response to the viral antigen Tax. Results Compared to ACs, ATL and HAM/TSP patients had lower frequency and polyfunctionality of CTLs in response to Tax suggesting dysfunction of CD8 + T cells in these individuals. As an underlying mechanism, programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor was found to be highly unregulated in Tax-responsive as well as total CD8 + T cells from ATL and HAM/TSP but not from ACs and directly correlated with the lack of polyfunctionality in these individuals. Further, PD-1 expression showed a direct whereas MIP-1α expression had an indirect correlation with the proviral load providing new insights about the immunopathogenesis of HTLV-associated diseases. Additionally, we identified key cytokine signatures defining the immune activation status of clinical samples by the luminex assay. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that reconstitution of fully functional CTLs, stimulation of MIP-1α expression, and/or blockade of the PD-1 pathway are potential approaches for immunotherapy / therapeutic vaccine against HTLV-mediated diseases. Keywords Chronic viral infections. cytotoxic T cell. CD4 + Tcell. CD8 + Tcell. human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. tax
The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax interacts with numerous cellular ... more The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax interacts with numerous cellular pathways promoting both the survival and pathogenesis of the virus in the human population. Tax has been studied extensively with respect to its role in transcriptional transactivation and its involvement in the up-regulation of a number of cellular genes during the process of oncogenic transformation. These processes are dependent on Tax localization to the nucleus where it interacts with a number of cellular transcription factors during its course of nuclear action. However, there is mounting evidence suggesting that Tax may shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, localize to several cytoplasmic organelles with subsequent secretion from both Tax-transfected cells as well as HTLV-1-infected cells. In addition, the presence of cell-free Tax in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was recently demonstrated to occur during all stages of HAM/TSP. This has brought about an increased interest in the cytoplasmic localization of Tax and the implications this localization may have with respect to the progression of HTLV-1-associated disease processes. This review addresses the functional implications relevant to the localization and accumulation of Tax in the cytoplasm including the Tax amino acid signals and cellular protein interactions that may regulate this process. Specifically, we have discussed three important processes associated with the cytoplasmic localization of Tax. First, the process of Tax shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm will be described and how this process may be involved in regulating different transcriptional activation pathways. Second, cytoplasmic localization of Tax will be discussed with relevance to Tax secretion and the interaction of Tax with proteins in the cellular secretory pathway. Finally, the secretion of Tax and the effects of extracellular Tax on HTLV-1 pathogenesis will be addressed.
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