The growing concerns for environment, health and monetary aspects have triggered a search for eff... more The growing concerns for environment, health and monetary aspects have triggered a search for efficient and economic renewable sources of energy production. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging technology that uses biofilms as catalysts to convert chemical energy in organic (and some inorganic) matters directly into electricity. MFC has a distinct advantage that is it can utilise low-grade biomass or even wastewater, which is otherwise not utilised, to produce bioelectricity. MFC research has intensified in the past decade, and the maximum MFC power density output has been increased greatly, and many types of waste streams have been tested. MFC power output is still much lower than that needed for practical power generation beyond powering small sensors, despite recent advances in reactor design.
Treatment of textile wastewater is an important issue because there is limited source of drinking... more Treatment of textile wastewater is an important issue because there is limited source of drinking water. This review is the approach to all advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the textile wastewater treatment. In the advanced oxidation process pollutant is oxidized by strong oxidizer and breakdown of the pollutant occur. Oxidation by O3/UV, Electrochemical oxidation, Electro-Fenton, H2O2/O3 and photo-catalyzed is reviewed. Mechanism and affecting parameters of the treatment are also described in this review. The advantage and disadvantages of the process are also discussed.
Spray drying is a common drying technique in food industries to convert liquid to powder form. A ... more Spray drying is a common drying technique in food industries to convert liquid to powder form. A good understanding on the dynamic behavior of the process is important to ensure proper control. The aim of this study is to develop empirical models for spray drying of whole milk powder and orange juice powder. A preliminary study is necessary to study the effect of several inputs such as inlet air temperature, feed flow rate, the moisture content, the bulk density, and the solubility of powders. The selection of suitable inputs is important to ensure the desired quality of final products (moisture content). It was found that inlet air temperature gave more significant effect on outlet air temperature and powder moisture compared to other two inputs. Inlet air temperature and outlet temperature were selected as the manipulated variable and controlled variables respectively. Spray drying system proved advantageous over the standard laboratory dryer.
International Journal of Chemical & Petrochemical Technology
The future of energy will dependent majorly on renewable sources; Microbial fuel cell (MFC) techn... more The future of energy will dependent majorly on renewable sources; Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a recent and a powerful technology which uses energy present in wastewater to convert into electrical energy with the help of microorganisms. The performance of MFC directly depends on the kinetics of the electrode reactions within the fuel cell, however, the overall low power density of the MFC and the high cost of its components are two major barriers for its commercialization. This barrier can be overcome by increasing surface area which is possible by using grapheme based electrode sand higher electro catalytic activity compared to the conventional carbon materials. In this work, Grapheme oxide was synthesized by using the modified Hummers method and the synthesized nano particles were characterized by the XRD, SEM, FTIR. Further, these nano particles are coated on carbon electrodes to improve the power density and max achieved is 98 m W/m 2 , whereas it found only 9 m W/m 2 without nano particles coating on carbon electrodes. There is a massive 90 % the difference in power density.
The growing concerns for environment, health and monetary aspects have triggered a search for eff... more The growing concerns for environment, health and monetary aspects have triggered a search for efficient and economic renewable sources of energy production. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging technology that uses biofilms as catalysts to convert chemical energy in organic (and some inorganic) matters directly into electricity. MFC has a distinct advantage that is it can utilise low-grade biomass or even wastewater, which is otherwise not utilised, to produce bioelectricity. MFC research has intensified in the past decade, and the maximum MFC power density output has been increased greatly, and many types of waste streams have been tested. MFC power output is still much lower than that needed for practical power generation beyond powering small sensors, despite recent advances in reactor design.
Treatment of textile wastewater is an important issue because there is limited source of drinking... more Treatment of textile wastewater is an important issue because there is limited source of drinking water. This review is the approach to all advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the textile wastewater treatment. In the advanced oxidation process pollutant is oxidized by strong oxidizer and breakdown of the pollutant occur. Oxidation by O3/UV, Electrochemical oxidation, Electro-Fenton, H2O2/O3 and photo-catalyzed is reviewed. Mechanism and affecting parameters of the treatment are also described in this review. The advantage and disadvantages of the process are also discussed.
Spray drying is a common drying technique in food industries to convert liquid to powder form. A ... more Spray drying is a common drying technique in food industries to convert liquid to powder form. A good understanding on the dynamic behavior of the process is important to ensure proper control. The aim of this study is to develop empirical models for spray drying of whole milk powder and orange juice powder. A preliminary study is necessary to study the effect of several inputs such as inlet air temperature, feed flow rate, the moisture content, the bulk density, and the solubility of powders. The selection of suitable inputs is important to ensure the desired quality of final products (moisture content). It was found that inlet air temperature gave more significant effect on outlet air temperature and powder moisture compared to other two inputs. Inlet air temperature and outlet temperature were selected as the manipulated variable and controlled variables respectively. Spray drying system proved advantageous over the standard laboratory dryer.
International Journal of Chemical & Petrochemical Technology
The future of energy will dependent majorly on renewable sources; Microbial fuel cell (MFC) techn... more The future of energy will dependent majorly on renewable sources; Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a recent and a powerful technology which uses energy present in wastewater to convert into electrical energy with the help of microorganisms. The performance of MFC directly depends on the kinetics of the electrode reactions within the fuel cell, however, the overall low power density of the MFC and the high cost of its components are two major barriers for its commercialization. This barrier can be overcome by increasing surface area which is possible by using grapheme based electrode sand higher electro catalytic activity compared to the conventional carbon materials. In this work, Grapheme oxide was synthesized by using the modified Hummers method and the synthesized nano particles were characterized by the XRD, SEM, FTIR. Further, these nano particles are coated on carbon electrodes to improve the power density and max achieved is 98 m W/m 2 , whereas it found only 9 m W/m 2 without nano particles coating on carbon electrodes. There is a massive 90 % the difference in power density.
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Papers by samatha singh