The thesis works with an even slightly explored or exploited so unsatisfactory in Brazilian socia... more The thesis works with an even slightly explored or exploited so unsatisfactory in Brazilian social sciences: the relationship of social movements to institutional policy. We affirm that there is, in the tradition of Brazilian studies on the social movements, a tendency to understand the social movements from its oppositional relation to the state and, more broadly, to institutional policy. The central argument of this thesis, which we seek support from a historical narrative about a social movement in specific political scene, the black movement, is that the conflict of social movements with the state does not mean no relationship between them. In the case of the black movement, we demonstrate that there is a tendency to institutionalize their demands through the institutional transits of militants between state sectors and spheres of the movement itself, mediated by political parties. The institutionalization of the movement started in the 1980s with the changes in the structure of political opportunities caused by the democratization of the country and intensified in the 1990s when black militants are taking up positions in the federal government that allow them to be guided in the Brazilian political agenda historical demands of the black movement. The thesis therefore contributes in expanding the debate.the relationship between social movements and institutions, expanding the possibilities of interpreting a form of relationship that, to all appearances, shows signs of intensifying.
Financial performance of the Company is one of the most important issues for investors, creditors... more Financial performance of the Company is one of the most important issues for investors, creditors and company executives. In the current competitive market, the assessment of company financial performance has become a necessity; therefore, investing in marketing activities could not only increase the brand value, but also could promote the financial performance of the company. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between marketing and financial performance by the use of the data of companies accepted in the sugar industry of Tehran Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2015, and the panel data model. In this study, 4P Kotler Marketing Mix Model was used, and the return on assets rate index considered as the financial performance index. The results of the research indicated that the invers u shape (∩) nonlinear relationship is established as the financial performance index of the companies between marketing mix and return on assets. This indicates that at the lower level of the...
Pollution by fertilizers containing nitrogen is one of the most significant sources of water poll... more Pollution by fertilizers containing nitrogen is one of the most significant sources of water pollution, and agriculture sector has a considerable share in this type of pollution. In this study, factors affecting the level of contamination of surface and underground water resources by agricultural activities were examined. Data of 254 wheat farmers in the plain of Mashhad in Khorasan Razavi province in Iran were used for investigating the effect of some explanatory variables on the level of water pollution utilizing Ordered Logit Regression Model. The results show that main activity of farmers, years of experience, the level of education, awareness of organic farming, level of income, price of fertilizers and irrigation method have significant effect on the amount of fertilizers utilized by farmers and hence the level of water resources pollution. Efforts for decreasing pollution of water resources require strategies such as changing the main activity of farmers, increase the cost of using chemical fertilizers, create economic incentives for organic farming, and increase general information and knowledge of farmers.
The thesis works with an even slightly explored or exploited so unsatisfactory in Brazilian socia... more The thesis works with an even slightly explored or exploited so unsatisfactory in Brazilian social sciences: the relationship of social movements to institutional policy. We affirm that there is, in the tradition of Brazilian studies on the social movements, a tendency to understand the social movements from its oppositional relation to the state and, more broadly, to institutional policy. The central argument of this thesis, which we seek support from a historical narrative about a social movement in specific political scene, the black movement, is that the conflict of social movements with the state does not mean no relationship between them. In the case of the black movement, we demonstrate that there is a tendency to institutionalize their demands through the institutional transits of militants between state sectors and spheres of the movement itself, mediated by political parties. The institutionalization of the movement started in the 1980s with the changes in the structure of political opportunities caused by the democratization of the country and intensified in the 1990s when black militants are taking up positions in the federal government that allow them to be guided in the Brazilian political agenda historical demands of the black movement. The thesis therefore contributes in expanding the debate.the relationship between social movements and institutions, expanding the possibilities of interpreting a form of relationship that, to all appearances, shows signs of intensifying.
Financial performance of the Company is one of the most important issues for investors, creditors... more Financial performance of the Company is one of the most important issues for investors, creditors and company executives. In the current competitive market, the assessment of company financial performance has become a necessity; therefore, investing in marketing activities could not only increase the brand value, but also could promote the financial performance of the company. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between marketing and financial performance by the use of the data of companies accepted in the sugar industry of Tehran Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2015, and the panel data model. In this study, 4P Kotler Marketing Mix Model was used, and the return on assets rate index considered as the financial performance index. The results of the research indicated that the invers u shape (∩) nonlinear relationship is established as the financial performance index of the companies between marketing mix and return on assets. This indicates that at the lower level of the...
Pollution by fertilizers containing nitrogen is one of the most significant sources of water poll... more Pollution by fertilizers containing nitrogen is one of the most significant sources of water pollution, and agriculture sector has a considerable share in this type of pollution. In this study, factors affecting the level of contamination of surface and underground water resources by agricultural activities were examined. Data of 254 wheat farmers in the plain of Mashhad in Khorasan Razavi province in Iran were used for investigating the effect of some explanatory variables on the level of water pollution utilizing Ordered Logit Regression Model. The results show that main activity of farmers, years of experience, the level of education, awareness of organic farming, level of income, price of fertilizers and irrigation method have significant effect on the amount of fertilizers utilized by farmers and hence the level of water resources pollution. Efforts for decreasing pollution of water resources require strategies such as changing the main activity of farmers, increase the cost of using chemical fertilizers, create economic incentives for organic farming, and increase general information and knowledge of farmers.
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