Papers by muhammad yousufzai
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Jun 29, 2010
This paper employs spectral analysis to detect regular cyclical patterns or periodicities of loca... more This paper employs spectral analysis to detect regular cyclical patterns or periodicities of local climate parameters of five major cities of Pakistan. Our calculations show that the temperature of all major climate stations may be affected by ENSO or QBO or Sunspot Cycles. As for the rainfall, what we find is that Pakistan summer monsoon exhibits a fairly similar bienniality with that of the Indian monsoon.
In this study, we introduce a recent approach to implement the wavelet analysis of ionospheric pa... more In this study, we introduce a recent approach to implement the wavelet analysis of ionospheric parameters and anomaly detection during ionospheric irregularities over Pakistan. The most important aspect of the wavelet analysis is the timefrequency distribution representation of the signal. This study investigates the variability of ionospheric F2 layer and utilizes critical frequency (foF2) of F2 layer during the year 2008-2017 in Pakistan region. The results of this study identify the most important bands of low frequency variations, which are very relevant for study of periodicities measurements of F2 layer. Moreover, Morlet wavelet has revealed that generally the global wavelet power spectrum (GWPS) is the most prominent in the annual cycles. The multifaceted interactions of ionospheric fluctuations with different time scales, e.g. annual, biannual, become significant due to higher peaks appear during the periods 128-256, 256-512 and 512-1024 days in daily data sets. The wavelet ...
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
Soil and water pollution adversely affect growth and productivity of agri-business oriented crops... more Soil and water pollution adversely affect growth and productivity of agri-business oriented crops in Pakistan. There are many crops consumed in Pakistan such as Lycopesicon Esculentum which is a major staple used in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of marble effluents on soil pH, water holding capacity (WHC) of soil, seed germination, number of leaves, number of inflorescences, stem girth, root, and shoot length along with their dry biomasses. Interestingly, there was a linear rise in pH of soil with increase in effluents concentration. Likewise, seed germination and root length were also improved with higher concentration of industrial effluents. The study found out no inflorescence at 100% effluent concentration. In contrast, highest inflorescence ( ) was recorded at 10% effluent concentration. The earlier ripening of tomatoes occured with the highest concentration of effluents. There were no drastic changes in terms of number of seeds and its germination, while the shoot length was reduced as compared to control group. Significant differences of WHC in soil was found, moreover the maximum WHC was found in 20% treatment. These empirical results indicate that marble industry effluents may degrade the growth and productivity of Lesculentum. The study contributes to a better understanding
Arabian Journal of Geosciences
This study dictates that the ionospheric plasma does play a pivoted role in propagating radio wav... more This study dictates that the ionospheric plasma does play a pivoted role in propagating radio waves reaching the ground after reflecting from the ionospheric layer such as F2 layer that is regarded the most prominent layer in our solar atmosphere. It is said that the formation of this region is due to the interference of solar extreme UV radiations and other natural agents that create free electrons in the ionosphere influencing the propagation of radio signals through the open space. Due to the action of solar activity, it varies diurnally, following the certain patterns. Ionospheric variation is considered as having a nonlinear character. The parametric estimation of observed data obtained from United Kingdom Solar System Data Centre and space agency SUPARCO of Pakistan during the period 2008–2017 which confirmed the variability of ionospheric F2 region and regularity of the daily observations. These results have established that the critical frequency of F2 layer departed significantly from a Gaussian distribution. This shows the unique characteristics of nonlinearity. In this communication, we have employed fractal dimension to verify the complex nature of the ionospheric region. Evidently, this approach measures the index of the complexity in the physical processes in the deep space such as the same phenomenon of the anomalous behavior of ionospheric layers for depicting the sophistication of the system. The consequence of the executive approaches reveals that the behavior of F2 layer is anti-persistent, and the probability of the existence of intricacy in this region is obvious. This kind of study usually assists the government and private organizations for maintaining entire records of ionospheric activities that are going on globally and regionally.
It is said that ionosphere plays a vital role on electromagnetic waves (3 to 30 MHz) transmitted ... more It is said that ionosphere plays a vital role on electromagnetic waves (3 to 30 MHz) transmitted from ground station and after striking ionosphere reaching receiving station. Reflection and refraction of waves from ionosphere is dependent upon incident angle of transmitted wave, altitude from which it is returned, season, temporal variations due to solar radiations, sunspots and geomagnetic field deviation. In this communication the Fଶ layer data recorded at Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Rsearch Commission (SUPARCO) Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS) for the year 2005 has been considered. These data have been used to compute refractive index for hourly observed ordinary wave frequency in the range of (3.04 to 8.29 MHz). The geographic position of SIIS is latitude 33.75 °N and longitude 72.87 °E. To get insight parametric relationship, exploratory data analysis has been performed. The estimation of parametric variability is modeled using standard technique; data distribution, tr...
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2017
Earthquake recurrence is depicted on the basis of the time following subsequent seasons at the co... more Earthquake recurrence is depicted on the basis of the time following subsequent seasons at the coastal regions of Pakistan. Recurrence time for intricate shock waves is simulated by using earth positions at equinoxes and perihelion-aphelion positions of the earth from the Sun. In connection to the spatial and temporal behavior of earth, the external geomagnetic variation is significant not only influenced by the distances between the Sun and earth and annual revolving period of earth around the Sun at heliocentric path but also affected by a lunar revolving period on an elliptical path around the earth. The Apparent path of the Sun during the year where earth is the center of the celestial sphere and relative to earth, the Sun appears on ecliptic sphere which intersects the celestial equator in two points known as the vernal equinox of 21 st march and autumn equinox of 21 st September. The perihelion position on earth is nearest to the Sun and aphelion is the furthest position of the earth from the Sun, these are empirically distributed on the basis of mutual interaction. The seasonal effects are recognized by the wavelet characterization on maximum amplitudes of shock waves with reference to vernal -autumn equinoxes of distributed perihelion-aphelion periods. The seasonal period of geomagnetic seismicity is a manifestation of the mean time between earthquakes within a specified region where many faults are activated. The cyclic nature of earthquakes and geomagnetic influences on seismic waves by stress-strain tectonic process and releasing energy for the relaxation mechanism are experienced in nature, therefore the issues relevant to their aphelion -perihelion periodicities, influential conditions of geomagnetic instability and their coupling for shock waves propagation are tackled by the wavelet applications.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2019
The stratospheric ozone behavior is of great importance for the shelter of life on the earth's bi... more The stratospheric ozone behavior is of great importance for the shelter of life on the earth's biosphere from harmful UV radiation. A wavelet technique and explorative analysis are applied on ozone monthly time series data set from 1970 to 2013 for the stratospheric region of Pakistan. Such analysis was performed in order to fully characterize the distinct time-frequency ozone variability. Moreover, in the analysis of ozone irregularity, the main frequency constituents in the data set are estimated by the global wavelet scale. The results obtained in this investigation confirmed particular patterns that could be used to describe the regional condition of ozone. The wavelet approach illustrates a strong power spectrum along with the 2-16-month cycle, indicating an annual oscillation of 12 months for whole data set, which is investigated by the peak of the integration of time average of power over time that also reveals powerful annual pulses. The low variance period results in a band emphasized the presence of variation for seasonal interval of stratospheric ozone for each month starting from January to December. The main objective of this paper is to study the dynamics of ozone concentration at the atmospheric region of Pakistan. It also aims to examine the role of the particular ozone concentration patterns indicating inter-annual irregularity of Ozone status.
2007 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2007
... Ozone Layer Depletion at Pakistan's atmospheric region IM Ayub Khan YousufZai, 2Jawaid Q... more ... Ozone Layer Depletion at Pakistan's atmospheric region IM Ayub Khan YousufZai, 2Jawaid Quamar, 3M. Rashid Kamal Ansari, 4M. Javed Iqbal and 5M. ... 713-723, 1987. UNESCO Workshop on Coastal [10] SM Saifullah, Pakistan Journal of Aquaculture, pp. 147-150, 1996. ...
The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere, ionized by solar radiation. The ionosphere affects our ... more The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere, ionized by solar radiation. The ionosphere affects our modern society in many ways due to variability in ionosphere composition under the influence of solar radiations. This paper attempts to describe ionosphere communication and to compute & evaluate fluctuating dynamics of refractive index as a result of change in critical frequency, electron concentration of layers during daytime and night hours for the year 2000 at Pakistan region. The recorded ionosphere data (at SUPARCO Ionosphere Station in Karachi) has been used to calculate refractive index in relation with critical frequency, maximum useful frequency and propagation frequency at mid values of latitude. To investigate relationship between ionospheric parameters, descriptive statistical methods such as histogram, regression analysis and normal probability plot have been implemented. The results and conclusion obtained are useful for planning and successful uninterrupted radio wave pr...
Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, Jun 26, 2014
The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the e... more The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the earth. The long distance communication via F2 layer is the best suited through refraction of radio wave in the range of 3-30 MHz. In present study, the F2 layer hourly data for 2006, recorded at SUPARCO Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS), located at latitude 33.75°N and longitude 72.87°E have been considered. The recorded ordinary wave frequency has been utilised to compute relationship with variation in electron concentration. The estimation of variability is determined for forecast and modeling purposes. The standard techniques have been performed such as regression, stochastic analysis and parameter estimation using data obtained from source. Predicting sky wave propagation at Pakistan ionospheric region has been presented.
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences, 2020
This paper presents an analysis of cosmic ray intensity in Pakistan air space using spatial inter... more This paper presents an analysis of cosmic ray intensity in Pakistan air space using spatial interpolation, comparing it with Chinese cosmic ray records from 1984 to 1993. The Exploratory Data Analytic (EDA) approach was applied to compare the cosmic ray fluctuations in both countries. The time series plot of the monthly cosmic rays showed relatively flatter counts in Pakistan than in China. The cosmic ray data for the years 1984 to 1993 fell within Solar Cycle 22, which lasted from 1986 to 1996, with its maximum phase in 1989 to 1991. The cosmic radiation varies between the atmospheric regions of Pakistan and China due to modulations in intensity that are accessible accordingly. It can be explained by purely astrophysical phenomena: (1) the source of emission of cosmic radiation may be different, (2) the rate at which emanation takes place depends on bursts of deep space dynamical objects from their sources that may be affected by solar wind and other solar radiations. Therefore, mo...
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Papers by muhammad yousufzai